...TOBACCO USE IN POLAND 11/8/2012 HCM657-DL Introduction Smoking causes a long list of diseases, leading to premature death in half of all smokers. Tobacco is implicated in numerous cancers including bladder, kidney, larynx, mouth, pancreas, and stomach. Lung cancer is the most common disease caused by smoking. Smoking is also a major cause of cardiovascular diseases, including strokes, heart attacks, and respiratory diseases such as emphysema. Many additional costs are generated due to health issues caused by smoking. Poland is slow in bringing around tobacco control, but continued advancements and increased social awareness is changing the perspective of many smokers. According to the World Health Organization – Europe 2009 report, there are approximately nine million tobacco-smokers in Poland, representing 29% of the country’s adult population. Results of a national survey conducted in 2007 indicated that 34% of men and 23% of women smoked on a daily basis. Tobacco-smoking has been a persistent and serious social problem for many years. (1) Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death in the world today, killing as many as half the people who smoke tobacco. Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), conducted in Poland in 2009-2010, was a nationally representative household survey (2). This was conducted by men and women aged 15 and older regarding tobacco consumption. The reasoning behind the survey was to produce internationally comparable data on tobacco...
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...DEFINING PUBLIC RELATIONS pp.298-302 Public relations (PR) is the practice of managing the flow of information between an individual or an organization and the public. PRSA (2010) – Public relations helps our complex, pluralistic society to reach decisions and function more effectively by contributing to mutual understanding among groups and institutions. It serves to bring private and public policies into harmony. Public relations serves a wide variety of institutions in society such as businesses, trade unions, government agencies, voluntary associations, foundations, hospitals, schools, colleges and religious institutions. To achieve their goals, these institutions must develop effective relationships with many different audiences of publics such as employees, members, customers, local communities, shareholders and other institutions, and with society at large. The managements of institutions need to understand the attitudes and values of their publics in order to achieve institutional goals. The goals themselves are shaped by the external environment. The public relations practitioner acts as a counselor to management and as a mediator, helping to translate private aims into reasonable, publicly acceptable policy and action. People who work in the public relations industry are generally known as flacks, public relations specialists, communications specialists, or media specialists. Their primary function is to serve as advocates for their employers—businesses, hospitals...
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...450 1. What are the four traditional elements of the promotion mix? The four traditional promotional tools are advertising, personal selling, public relations, and sales promotion. The product itself can also be a promotional tool. Advertising is paid, nonpersonal communication through various media by organizations and individuals who are in some way identified in the advertising message. Next comes personal selling which is face-to-face presentation and promotion of goods and services. It also involves the search for new prospects and follow-up service after the sale. Effective selling isn’t simply a matter of persuading others to buy. Personal selling also involves prospecting which involves researching potential buyers, qualifying which makes sure these people have a need for your product; these are only some of the steps in the process. Sales and promotion, which can be done in a variety of ways. When a business has a sales promotion they usually price products cheaper than normal or at a loss to get awareness of the product out. Public Relations are the management function that evaluates public attitudes, changes policies and procedures in response to the public’s requests, and executes a program of action and information to earn public understanding and acceptance. 2. What are the three most important advertising media in order of dollars spent? Advertising expenditure by media in terms of billions of dollars is as follows: Direct Mail with U.S. volume of $44.7 billion...
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...Impact of Public Relation on Marketing Promotion Activities Abstract: Advertisement is one of the most popular media for marketing of products all over the world. Companies allocate and spend huge amount of money on advertisement to inform and attract customers. But advertising is losing its effectiveness because of growing advertising clutter, the increasing number of channels, the availability of zapping mechanisms, and reduced watching of television by certain groups. In promoting the products or services as well as companies concerned, the major challenge today is getting people's attention. As a result, market experts are considering other methods of getting consumer attentions. Now consumers are pressed for time, and many work hard to avoid advertising messages. Companies are facing challenges to find new ways to capture consumer’s attention and public relations can play a growing role within the marketing promotional mix to build and maintain brands. Consumers are now learning about products and brands through means other than advertising and in this context public relations are gaining momentum. Even public relations can establish and maintain a positive image of the company among its various stakeholders. This reality is consistent with our perception that public relation is an important part of the Integrated Marketing Communication(IMC) process, contributing in its own way but also in a way consistent with marketing goals. This study attempts to find out comparative...
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...INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES and ROLES OF PUBLIC RELATIONS AND ADVERTISING IN INVESTMENT PROMOTION IN NIGERIA By Ciboh Comfort Msughter DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES BENUE STATE UNIVERSITY MAKURDI NIGERIA Nigeria has attractive environment for investment because Nigeria is a large market and the second largest economy in the continent. Investment in real estate The high demand for houses and limited availability of it has led to exorbitant cost of land and houses. This has made real estate investment opportunity more lucrative for investors. Agriculture The agricultural potential of Nigeria is barely being tapped and investment opportunities exist in seed production and distribution, fertilizer production and distribution, machinery and equipment, livestock and poultry, food processing Solid minerals Opportunities exist for the exploitation and export of natural gas, bitumen, limestone, coal, tin, columbite, gold, silver, lead-zinc, gypsum, glass sands, clays, asbestos, graphite, and iron ore, among others Power sector The power sector reform has moved the sector from the position of government ownership/management to a private-sector driven. Investment opportunities exist for power generation (gas, hydro, coal, wind, solar, etc) for local and foreign investors to build, own and operate and/or transfer independent electricity. Oil and gas sector Foreign and domestic investors are being encouraged through improved...
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...the act of advertising a good or services with the short/long term goal of increasing sales. FOUR FACTORS WHICH MARKETING DECISIONS MAKING WITH REGARD TO PROMOTION: 1.) THE PROMOTION BUDGET AVAILABLE The amount of money available for promotion is the real determinant of the mix. BIG companies can make greater and more effective use of advertising than firms with limited resources. Small businesses rely on personal selling dealer displays. 2.) THE NATURE OF THE MARKET The influence of the nature of a company’s market is affected by the Geographic scope of the market, its concentration and type of customers and nature of competition. 3.) THE NATURE OF THE PRODUCT Consumer product and industrial goods frequently require different strategies. For instance, firms marketing convenience goods will rely heavily on manufacturer’s advertising, plus emphasis on dealers display. Personal selling plays a minor role, for industrial Goods such as machinery. 4.) THE STAGE OF THE PRODUCT PROMOTION’S LIFE CYCLE AND THE TARGET PROMOTION PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE (CPLC) – the course of a product’s sales and profit over its lifetime. Every product seem to go to PLC –it is born, goes through several phrases, and eventually dies as younger products come along that better suit and serve the consumer needs. METHODS USED TO PROMOTE A PRODUCT: A. ADVERTISING Is a tool that is available for everyone to use. Presentation and promotion ideas, goods, or services. ADVERTISING is MULTIDIMENSIONAL...
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...strategies must begin and end with the customer, they cannot be an afterthought or taken as a given, so marketers must test their assumptions about their customers constantly. These are the thing that goes into a marketing strategy. A cohesive combination of: Targeting—to whom are you going to market your products and services? Positioning—how are you going to differentiate yourself from competitors? Product/Service Attributes—what attributes/features will the product/service have? Marketing Communications—how are you going to reach the target and with what message? Pricing—what price will you charge the target? Distribution—what channels will you use to sell the product or service? Customer Service—how will you manage additional customer needs? Of these components, targeting and positioning are the two most critical elements (Burgemeister, 2003). Healthcare is on everyone’s mind from the...
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...The U.S. Supreme Court examines the balancing act of a public employer with its employees First Amendment Rights. A high school teacher wrote a letter to local town newspaper criticizing the board of education management of funds between athletics and academics. The teacher was terminated and sued claiming his First Amendment rights were violated by the board. The Court found that public employees, such as teachers or firefighters are entitled to some First Amendment protections (In Pickering v. Board of Education (1968)). The challenge is to discover the balance between the interests of the public employee, as a citizen, when commenting about issue that concern the public, as an employer, in promoting the manner in which service is provided to the customer. The teacher’s letter did not involve any personal attacks on supervisors or coworkers and was sent to the editor of the newspaper. The court determined that the board sole interest was to limit the comments made by the teacher which is why he was terminated. This case gave rise to several other cases which created a time period of...
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...What concerns have been expressed about the company’s role in pollution and conservation, and what steps have the company taken? D. Technological What major changes are occurring in product and process technology? What is the company’s position in these technologies? What major generic substitutes might replace this product? E. Political What changes in Law and regulations might affect marketing strategies and tactics? What is happening in the areas of pollution control, equal employment opportunity, product safety, advertising, price control, and so forth that affects marketing strategy? F. Cultural What is the public’s attitude towards business and toward the company’s product? What changes in customer lifestyles and values might affect the company? Task Environment A. Markets What is happening to Market size, growth, geographical distribution, and profits? What are the major markets segments? B. Customers What are the customer’s needs and buying processes? How do customers and prospects rate the company its competitors on reputation, product quality, service, sales...
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...FORWARD Charmond laundry services is a laundry company with expertise in washing, dry-cleaning, pressing and delivery. Based on our vast work experience in laundry, we have an in-depth knowledge of current scopes of work, through which we determine the exact requirements to execute laundry services Professionally and competently. This documentation aims to report the procedures to be used in executing the laundry, we have high quality tools and materials needed by the quality control and assurance procedures to guarantee a perfect job. The safety procedures and management were also thoroughly covered. This documentation provides the reader with the opportunity to ascertain the technical and project management ability of Charmond laundry services to successfully execute the projects. COMPETENT PERSONNEL We have a very effective management system. The latter is composed of a team of very competent professionals equipped to handle every stage of the laundry services. THE PERSONNEL ARE: a) Manager 1 b) Cashier/accountant 1 c) Front desk officer 1 d) Delivery/ pickups 4 e) Washers 2 f) Pressers 4 g) Packing 2 h) Counters 2 i) Store...
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...million) of children and adolescents aged 2—19 years are obese. Since 1980, obesity prevalence among children and adolescents has almost tripled (CDC, 2012). Today’s nurses are faced with a growing trend in overweight and obese children and have the responsibility to be the patient advocate and help. Health promotion is one of the most important aspects of nursing, and no matter what setting a nurse is in; they have the power to provoke change. Childhood obesity will be discussed in detail throughout this paper. Public policy needs to address the arising concern that childhood obesity has on today’s society. Creating an advocacy program based on two effective childhood obesity programs; The Power Up Initiative and Coordinated Approach to Child Health (CATCH) can do just that. The potential community-based advocacy program in this paper will address what needs to be included in school and after school programs to promote health and prevention of obesity. The program will also need to have a specific plan on what and how to educate local pediatricians and nurses regarding childhood obesity. What is it and what is the cause? Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of fat in the body (Mckinney, E., James, S., Murray, S., Ashwill, J., 2009). Fat is accumulated in the body when there is a combination of increased caloric intake and decreased physical activity. There are many reasons for today’s childhood obesity epidemic, including cultural, genetic, behavioral, environmental...
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...PUBLIC RELATIONS AND ITS EFFECTS ON ORGANIZATIONAL PUBLICS: A CASE STUDY OF MOI TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL LIVINGSTONE WERE MUNYWELE MOI UNIVERSITY, KENYA DECLARATION Declaration by the candidate This research project is my original work and has not been presented to any other examination body. No part of this research project should be produced without my consent or that of the Kenya Institute of Management. Livingstone Were Munywele Signature……Livingstone Were Munywele……………………… Date………… i ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Without the help and support of the Kenya Institute of Management, I could not have completed this project. I wish to express my gratitude to the supervisor, Mr. Joseph Lelan for his time and support through the study. I also thank him for encouraging me to develop a new area of study. I must also thank my friends and colleagues in the institute, who made me, sit down and finally produce a text after months of collecting materials and thoughts in files and boxes: Irene Nasimiyu, Eunice Focus and Helen Wafula. I would also like to thank the PR manager for allowing me to test new ideas with top managers at their organization. In addition, I thank my many colleagues in the office of the president where I have been honored to work for the last two years. I cannot imagine ever having a letter team in place to work on a project like this. The reviewers who helped me to make the project fully complete also deserve special thanks for...
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...INTRODUCTION Public relations (PR) is the practice of managing the flow of information between an individual or an organization and the public. Public relations may include an organization or individual gaining exposure to their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment. The aim of public relations by a company often is to persuade the public, investors, partners, employees, and other stakeholders to maintain a certain point of view about it, its leadership, products, or of political decisions. Common activities include speaking at conferences, winning industry awards, working with the press, and employee communication. Public relations is thought by many to be propaganda by a different name, ironically, the very term "Public relations" could easily be seen as a public relations ploy to make the idea of propaganda more acceptable. Public Relations is similar to Analyst Relations, Investor Relations and Public Affairs depending on the firm, organization or population it represents. DEFINITIONS OF PUBLIC RELATIONS “Public Relations is the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between on organization and its publics.” - Institute of Public Relations, USA “Public relations is the attempt by information persuasion and adjustment to engineer public support for an activity, cause, movement...
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...conversation- stopper. But what should a politics of consumption look like? A right to a decent standard of living. This familiar idea is especially important now because it points us to a fundamental distinction between what people need and what they want. In the not very distant past, this dichotomy was not only well-understood, but the basis of data collection and social policy. Need was a social concept with real force. All that's left now is an economy of desire. This is reflected in polling data. Just over 40 percent of adults earning $50,000 to $100,000 a year, and 27 percent of those earning more than $100,000, agree that "I cannot afford to buy everything I really need." One third and 19 percent, respectively, agree that "I spend nearly all of my money on the basic necessities of life." I believe that our politics would profit from reviving a discourse of need, in which we talk about the material requirements for every person and household to participate fully in society. Of course, there are many ways in which such a right might be enforced: government income transfers or vouchers, direct provision of basic needs, employment guarantees, and the like. For reasons of space, I leave that discussion aside; the main point is to revive the distinction between needs and desires. Quality of life rather than quantity of stuff. Twenty-five years ago quality-of-life indicators began moving in an opposite direction from our measures of income, or Gross Domestic Product, a striking divergence...
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...Company Profile: The Levant Sweater LTD is a sweater manufacturing company. This company is a professional apparel manufacturer. We are engaged in all kinds of garment, such as men’s sweater, women’s sweater, children’s sweater etc. With the advanced technologies, rich management experience, exquisite production process and unique, creative design thoughts, our products enjoys good reputations both at home and abroad. All the products we provide are professionally designed and skillfully manufactured. We also accept customized orders to meet your specific requirements. If anyone interested in any of our series of products, or need any related items, please contact us with details of your specific orders. We warmly welcome domestic and foreign friends to cooperate with us based on mutual benefits. The Levant Sweat LTD has strongly believed in some truths which are: 1. Trustworthiness 2. Clear Dealings 3. Always Customers first 4. Quality 5. On time 6. Honesty, and 7. Eternal Relationship. The Levant Sweater LTD clearly follows the terms and condition of Bangladesh Government. The entire act and laws posted by the Government been strongly followed in our terms and condition of company. An agreement to this effect was signed between the Bangladesh Export Processing Zones Authority (BEPZA) and The Levant Sweater Ltd. Basic Information | | Company Name | The Levant Sweater LTD | Business type | Manufacturing | Product/Service...
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