...A comparison of the Virginia Resolutions on the Stamp Act (1765) and the Association of the New York Sons of Liberty (1773) Darrell Hareford 10/14/2012 An examination of two documents from Eric Foner’s Voices of Freedom reader – Vol I and their relevance to the historical point in time in American History. Taxation was stirring sharp conflict between Great Britain and the British colonists of North America in the mid-18th century. The British colonists of North America lived under a quasi-self-government created in the early 1600’s. Powerful men in the colonies established their own devices and alliances for the raising and spending of money. The arguments of liberty and freedom were to become the tenets of choice in their debate to defend this power. This paper will explore this argument through the Virginia Resolutions on the Stamp Act (1765) from the House of Burgesses, and a resolution from the Sons of Liberty of New York City (1773). Their writings are tempered only by the politeness of the society of learned men, but let no one doubt that they took affront to the loss in authority and the economic impact of recent taxation decisions by Great Britain. The House of Burgesses was established in 1619 as a representative body to govern in a legislative assembly and was created by the Virginia Company to make conditions more amenable by encouraging English craftsman to settle in North America. The Virginia Company set up a system of self-government which was composed...
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...Subject: Investment in real estate in New York City and factors Topic: Factors that influence investment in real estates in New York City Question: What are factors that provide the foreign investors to invest their money to real estate in New York City? Thesis: Diversification, big amount of money, exchange rate and quality of life are factors that influence foreigners to invest in real estate in New York City Abstract: With the economic crisis in the U.S., Americans are worried about investing in real estate while foreign investors feel the U.S. real estate market is very enthusiastic especially in New York City. According to an annual survey taken by the Association of Foreign Investors in Real Estate (AFIRE), the U.S. rose to the top of the real estate market world. AFIRE members hold more than $627 billion of global real estate, including $265 billion in the U.S. About 72 percent of the respondents planned to invest more money in the United States in 2011. Based on the foreign investors in real estate in the U.S., the research evaluated the factors that influence the foreign investment in U.S. real estate. Outline of the Paper 1. Introduction 2. Foreign Investors Taxation 3. When to Invest in Real Estate 4. Factors that Influence Investing in Real Estate in New York City * Big Amount of Money * Diversification * Exchange Rate * Quality of Life 5. Conclusion 6. List of References Introduction When the economy goes down...
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...disproportionate increase in New York City’s pension costs are lower investment returns and benefits enhancement put in 2000. Mayor Bloomberg believes that the primary reason for the increase is the benefits enhancement. This partially ties in with Liu’s findings from his research, as Liu believes it’s one of the two primary reasons for the increase. Mayor Giuliani, the New York City mayor from 1994 to 2001, increased pension benefits in the 90s because the city was benefiting from the bull market. This resulted in an increase in pension fund investment profits and thus the Giuliani increased pension benefits. The increase in investment returns reduced the pension expenses incurred by businesses thus making them feel as though the markets will soar forever. Companies got comfortable with the bull market since they were incurring less pension cost. However, they had little knowledge that they were setting themselves up for failure since the rate will balance out in the long run. This failure was triggered over the past decade when the bear market hit thus resulting in a major decrease in investment returns. This significantly increased the pension expense due to the gap between benefit obligation and plan assets that resulted from continuous decline in actual return on plant assets. New York City and businesses are still under constraint from this failure. Mayor Giuliani’s benefits enhancements that were implemented during his term added an additional 40% in New York City’s pension expense...
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...Lessons Learned from the New York City Fiscal Crisis of the 1970s Finance 7/5/2011 The current fiscal crisis triggered by the “great recession” of 2008 reveals some interesting parallels to what occurred during the recession seen in 1973 to 1975. Economic conditions during both periods created solvency and liquidity problems for many organizations. Some of the entities most severely impacted during both periods were state and local governments. Today there is great concern about the solvency and liquidity of governments such as the state of California and renewed concern about governments like New York City. Some common sense solutions can be gleaned from how the NYC crisis of the 1970s was dealt with. The difficulty lies not in coming up with solutions but in ensuring that numerous conflicting interests do not impede or completely derail the implementation of these solutions. The focus of this paper is to examine these parallel problems and solutions and offer ideas about how to overcome impediments to implementation in the current political and economic environment. In 1975, New York City was on the verge of financial ruin. The City did not have enough liquid assets on hand to pay its operating expenses. This conundrum created a potentially catastrophic set of problems. How would city workers get paid? If the workers did not get paid; would they strike, essentially shutting the city down? How could the city sustain an ever increasing layout of expenditures...
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...Leuchtenburg was born on September 28, 1922 in New York City, New York. He received his Bachelor of Arts from Cornell University in 1943 and his Ph.D from Columbia University in 1951. Luechtenburg was previously president of the American Historical Association, the Organization of American Historians, and the Society of American Historians. William devoted his career educating himself and other about the life of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The significance of Roosevelt’s policies sparked William Leuchtenburg’s desire to educate others about one of the United States of America’s greatest presidents and how they are influence today’s society. William Leuchtenburg’s Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal consists of a comprehensive history of events during Roosevelt’s first two presidential terms from 1932-1940. Franklin Roosevelt became the president at a time when the Great Depression began and the stock market had crashed, millions were out of work, and banks everywhere were failing. The Great Depression was a production consisting of humungous hardships, thus developed a national atmosphere of melancholy. The American people and government employees expected Roosevelt to establish contemporary economic dogma, which promoted balanced budgets and economy in the government. Upon taking office, Roosevelt moved quickly to cut $400,000,000 from veterans’ pensions and $100,000,000 from federal employees’ pay. Roosevelt introduced a host of new programs that had positive effects within...
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...a beautiful city surrounded by tall skyscrapers soaring into the clouds and the beautiful Statue of Liberty standing still on the water. You walk down the street passing hundreds of little shops and restaurants; all the while you are taken aback by the breathtaking beauty of the city that you are gazing upon. Now, picture lying on the beach while listening to the ocean waves. The air is crisp and the smell of saltwater is bitter sweet. The locations being described are New York City and Long Branch Beach. There are many differences between these places, such as the kind of activities, clothing and equipments, and their pace of life. The first major difference between vacationing on the beach or in a city is the kind of activities you are able to do. While vacationing on the beach, the mind-set is to unwind life’s stresses while enjoying the warm touch from the almighty sun. The average beach vacation includes a wide range of activities, from relaxing on hot sand to catching waves in crisp ocean water to land and sea-based sports. Then there are long evenings of cool, breezy walks and hot nights on the dance floor. However, the most common activities while visiting the beach is mostly water related events such as sailing, swimming, and surfing. But let’s not forget the most sought after activity while visiting the beach, that is sun bathing. The simplicity of lying down on the soft, warm sand while the sun caresses you with its warm touch is wonderful. In the city, even if you...
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...Analyzing Managerial Decisions: Leaving New York City for the Farmlands of Illinois by HCM-540, MBOL5, Health Care Organization Instructor: Saint Leo University Distance Learning November 17, 2013 Abstract An investment banker has a steady job in the city of New York and is pondering making a move to the farmlands of Illinois to begin producing ethanol. The Wall Street Journal has publish a recent article about the federal government’s plan to increase the use of corn-based ethanol as a resource to fuel more plants. It is believed that new laws and regulations will be in favor of producing ethanol. Land can be bought at a fixed price with savings of $800,000. The voices of colleagues are making positive suggestions to follow the promise of fortune but without any foundational data. When considering making a entry into the market of ethanol, the banker should consider several things such as market structure and creating value. This paper examines the proposed decision of the banker to pursue entry into the ethanol industry. After reading this paper, readers will have a better understanding of what to consider when entering a new market. Introduction Before making a business, careful thought should be given so that risks and reward decisions can be made to minimize cost. Startup cost, opportunity, and value are some things that need to be considered. The advice of the co-workers is friendly advice but not good business advice to make a decision. It is...
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...treatment of the lower class led to the break out of riots in New York City in 1863 I. Introduction II. Causes A. Civil War B. Abraham Lincoln calls for a draft 1. Rich could buy their way out for 300 dollars or a substitute 2. Blacks were exempt 3. Irish immigrants and poor whites were angry C. They came to America to start a new and better life but it was the opposite 4. Found misery 5. Discriminated against D. They couldn’t buy themselves out of the war and didn’t want to fight in the war 1. They didn’t want freed blacks to come up North and compete with them for jobs 2. Used blacks as scapegoats E. Believed their social, political, and economical status was declining and blacks were gaining F. They were targeted by the Irish Immigrants 1. Were exempt from the draft 2. Were going to become free and compete for jobs with the Irish immigrants III. Background A. How it started B. Draft Lottery IV. The Attacks A. Poor whites injured and killed blacks in vicious and cruel ways 6. Beat them, jumped on their chests, used stones, and by hanging them 7. Killed men, women, children, and infants B. Whites destroyed black homes and orphanages C. President Lincoln sent the militia to New York City to suppress the riots V. Specific people who were killed ...
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...The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 was one of the largest disasters in American history. Practically overnight the great city of Chicago was destroyed. Before the fire there was a large drought causing everything to be dry and flammable, then a fire broke out in the O'Leary's barn and spread throughout the city. Many attempts were made to put out the fire but there were too many errors and problems in the beginning. After the fire many people were left homeless and had to help build their city again. Before the fire broke out on Sunday night, October 8, 1871 there had been a large drought causing everything to be dry and extremely flammable. Many fires had been breaking out in Chicago. Records show that in 1870 the fire fighters went to nearly 600 fires. On Saturday night there had been a large fire that destroyed about four blocks and lasted for 16 hours. Another reason why everything in Chicago was so flammable was because almost the entire city was made out of wood. It was a lot worse in the middle class and poor sections of the town. Just about every house was made out of wood. Even buildings that claimed to be fire proof had wood roofs covered with tar. The richer part of town had stone and brick homes, but wooden interiors, wooden stables, and wooden storage buildings. Chicago was built on marshland and every time it rained the city flooded, so to help this problem the roads were made out of wood and elevated above the waterline. The day the fire started there were over 55...
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...* Born September 6th, 1962 in Newark, New Jersey. * New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the US. It is bordered on the north and east by New York State, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey is the fourth-least extensive, but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies entirely within the sprawling combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia. * An American attorney & politician. * The 55th Governor of New Jersey. * A leading member of the Republician Party. 2. What is the Bridgegate scandal? * Also known as The Fort Lee Lane. * Is a US political scandal in which staff members and political appointees of NJ Governor Chris Christie conspired to create traffic jam in Fort Lee, NJ, starting at an entrance to the George Washington Bridge. * The problems began on September 9, 2013, after two toll lanes (at one of the toll plaza entryways) were closed to local traffic from Fort Lee and surrounding communities and used for traffic from state and interstate expressways instead, resulting in massive back-ups in Fort Lee. * Christie's advisers and staff, including the governor's deputy chief of staff, press secretary, and campaign manager, as well as three of his senior appointees to the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (which manages the bridge traffic)...
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...French Claims 1. Giovanni da Verrazano – Italian navigator who explored part of North America’s eastern coast, including New York harbor 2. Jacques Cartier – explored the St. Lawrence River 3. The French monarchy was preoccupied with European wars as well as with internal religious conflict between Roman Catholics and Protestant Huguenots. 4. Samuel de Champlain – established first permanent French settlement in America in 1608 at Quebec, a fortified village on the St. Lawrence River. He was later regarded as the “Father of New France” because of his strong leadership in establishing the colony. 5. Louis Jolliet and Father Jacques Marquette – 1673; explored the upper Mississippi River 6. Robert de La Salle – 1682; explored the Mississippi basin, which he named Louisiana (after the French king, Louis XIV) Dutch Claims 7. Henry Hudson –1609; sailed up a broad river (later named for him as the Hudson River), an expedition that established Dutch claims to the surrounding area that would become New Amsterdam (and later New York) . Early English Settlements 8. John Cabot – helped English defeat Spanish fleet – the Spanish Armada – in 1588. 9. The English devised a practical method for financing the costly and risky enterprise of founding new colonies. This was called joint-stock companies. Jamestown 10. King James I chartered the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company that established the permanent English colony in America at Jamestown...
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...have been shopping at both stores for over 4 years and I really like their styles and I was intrigue about what’s their strategy on how they have an edge over their competitors. I know what’s their traffic on their store, and didn’t have to went to those stores for get the information needed to do this paper, I only went once to speak with the managers and the rest I was able to do it based on some research and the knowledge and experience I have from being a customer for both stores. I hope this research paper will met all your expectations and you learn something new about these retail stores. [pic] History Diesel was founded by Renzo Rosso in 1978. He wanted it to be a leader, a new type of company that will focus on style and fashion. So he carved out a niche for itself in its field. He started surrounding with creative, talented people, innovators that matched his new ideas, by rejecting the slavish trend following typical of the fashion industry. He wanted to create the most dynamic and imaginative product available anywhere: he gave his openminded design team broad stylistic freedom,...
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...and upper Manhattan (Harlem) sections of New York City, this African-American cultural movement became known as “The New Negro Movement’’ and later as the Harlem Renaissance. More than a literary movement and more than a social revolt against racism, the Harlem Renaissance exalted the unique culture of African- Americans and redefined African-Americans were encouraged to celebrate their heritage and to become “The New Negro,” a term coined in 1925 by sociologist and critic Alain LeRoy Locke. One of the factors contributing to the rise of the Harlem Renaissance was the great migration of African-Americans to northern cities (such as New York City, Chicago, and Washington, D.C.) between 1919 and 1926. In his influential book The New Negro (1925), Locke described the northward migration of blacks as "something like a spiritual emancipation." One of the factors contributing to the rise of the Harlem Renaissance was the great migration of African-Americans to northern cities (such as New York City, Chicago, and Washington, D.C.) between 1919 and 1926. In his influential book The New Negro (1925), Locke described the northward migration of blacks as "something like a spiritual emancipation." In the 1920's African-Americans seemed to have passed through some rite of passage. As if for the first time, we began, in significant numbers, to be self-assertive and racially conscious. A popular, at the time, term describing such people was "The New Negro" expressed movement from the world...
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...Journal of Charlotte August 5, 1890 Today I boarded the ship to take me to America. Leaving behind mother and father was one of the hardest things I ever had to do. My faith was shaken at the death that surrounds my beloved Poland. After brothers death there was little choice for mother and father but to ensure my safety. Russia’s forces take Poland and tare her soil from her back and spread the blood of her people across the land. The place I sleep I do not really sleep. The hold is full of others like me who sold all they own to start over in a new world. August 6, 1890 Today I finally got to go up on deck they let a few of the younger females up when we are passing other ships. I get looks from the other passengers who could afford to ride first or second class. They think we are filthy you can tell by the disgust that cover their faces as they look at us. To say that the conditions are bad is an understatement. The trip thankfully will not be as long as it once was because of steam. I am not certain of how all that works but I do know it makes the conditions in the hold much hotter when they should be much cooler. Below deck there are many who cough and cry, some longing for home others sick from the voyage and others still I am afraid it may be worse. More are sick than not, perhaps that is just my imagination taking hold. Fear that something may yet stop me from my journey. August 9, 1890 I was not wrong about the sickness; it seems...
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...2012 Abstract Lt Charles Becker was a police officer in New York City during the late 19th century and early 20th century who extorted money from local brothels and gambling houses (“casinos”) located within what is now the New York Times Square. He did so all while working in internal affairs and receiving promotions. The action which led to making Lt Becker’s activities public was when a local gambler and bookmaker, “Beansie” Rosenthal got tired of Lt Becker harassing him and he went to the press and accused Lt Becker of extortion. Two days later, Mr. Rosenthal was killed. Lt Becker was accused of the murder and brought to trial and found guilty of first degree murder. The scandal surrounding him and his other illegal activities, led to his execution in the electric chair in New York’s Sing Sing Prison in 1915. He was the first police officer to be put to death for murder. In addition, the revelation of his activities led to the shock and acknowledgment of the public to the corrupt activities of police. To this day, he is the only New York City police officer put to death for murder. A. Life of Charles Becker Charles Becker was born to a German-American family in the village of Calicoon Center, Sullivan County, New York. He arrived in New York City in 1890 and went to work as a bouncer in a German beer hall in the Bowery before joining the New York City Police Department (NYPD) in November 1893. Becker received...
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