...Physics Teacher Guide #11 NEWTON'S THIRD LAW OF MOTION Objective: Students will experiment with LEGO® materials to gain an understanding of Newton's third law of motion. *Vocabulary: SIR ISAAC NEWTON FORCE MOMENTUM NEWTON'S THIRD LAW OF MOTION MASS VELOCITY Create a LEGO® launch pad and projectile using an 8x16 brick, LEGO® bricks, rubber bands, string, and pencils as shown. Use the scissors to snip the string and smoothly launch the projectile brick. Have students observe the amount of recoil by measuring the launch pad's movement in the opposite direction. Stage an informal challenge where students strive to get the most distance out of their recoil. Hint: Increasing the projectile mass, or the velocity of the launch, should increase this distance. Activity 1: Materials: LEGO® bricks, String, Large rubber bands, Scissors, Rulers, Smooth, round pencils to act as rollers. Activity 2: Preparation: Prepare and test your own device prior to having your students do this experiment. Challenge your students to collectively design a larger version of the Conservation of Momentum Machine built in activity 1. Form small groups and encourage them to work together to create this super slider using LEGO® materials and found objects. Discussion: Lead a discussion focusing on key vocabulary terms. Introduce Sir Isaac Newton and his third law of motion: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means it is not possible to exert a force...
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...Newton's First and Second laws, in Latin, from the original 1687 Principia Mathematica. Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that form the basis for classical mechanics. They describe the relationship between the forces acting on a body and its motion due to those forces. They have been expressed in several different ways over nearly three centuries, and can be summarized as follows: 1.First law: If an object experiences no net force, then its velocity is constant; the object is either at rest (if its velocity is zero), or it moves in a straight line with constant speed (if its velocity is nonzero). 2.Second law: The acceleration a of a body is parallel and directly proportional to the net force F acting on the body, is in the direction of the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass m of the body, i.e., F = ma. 3.Third law: When two bodies interact by exerting force on each other, these forces (termed the action and the reaction) are equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction. The three laws of motion were first compiled by Sir Isaac Newton in his work Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, first published in 1687.[5] Newton used them to explain and investigate the motion of many physical objects and systems.[6] For example, in the third volume of the text, Newton showed that these laws of motion, combined with his law of universal gravitation, explained Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Overview Isaac Newton (1643-1727), the physicist...
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...Newton’s Laws Instructions: Complete all of the questions below. Be sure to show all of your work including listing the information you have been given, stating the values you are trying to find and the equations you are using, and providing your solution. Where appropriate, diagrams should be included. 1. A force of 250 N is used to push a heavy box down the street. If the force of friction between the box and the street is 195 N and the box has a mass of 60 kg, what is the acceleration of the box? 250-195=55N right Fnet=ma 55N=60a 55 / 60=a 0.92 m/s^2 2. A force of 40 N is applied to a 6 kg box of books. If the frictional force acting on the box is 16 N, and the box was initially at rest, what is the velocity of the box 10 s later? What is the box’s displacement over the 10 s period? 40-16=24= Fnet Fnet=ma 24=6a 24 / 6= a 4m/s^2= a Vf=vi+at vf=0+4 (10) Vf=40m/s D=VT D=40 (10) D=400m 3. Harry is pushing a car down a level road at 2.0 m/s with a force of 243 N. The total force acting on the car in the opposite direction, including road friction and air resistance, is which of the following? a. Slightly more than 243 N. b. Exactly equal to 243 N. c. Slightly less than 243 N. The answer is b because there is constant velocity there is no acceleration so it cannot be less than because it would provide a fnet which means there's acceleration. Also...
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...How does the equilibrium rule relate to Newton's first law of motion? Newtons first law states an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside for and an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Either way the object will not have an acceleration and since F=ma, and a=0 there must not be any forces acting on that object either with means the forces are in equilibrium. If an ice skater is moving forward at constant speed, the gravity force and normal force will equal each other in the y direction, and since the skater is moving at constant velocity there is no force in any other direction. On a smooth floor, why will girls wearing gym shoes win in a tug-of-ware with boys wearing socks? When the girls are wearing shoes, there will be greater friction between them and the floor. When the boys are wearing socks, there will be less tension between them and the floor making things smoother and causing them to fall. This describes Newton's third law of motion. If you stand on a pair of bathroom scales, explain how the readings change as you shift your weight gradually from side to side. What rule governs the readings on the scales? The equilibrium rule guides the scale readings. That is, the total of the readings adds to equal your weight. Then the net force on you is zero at all times. The scales push up as much as gravity pulls you down. Many people are confused about velocity and acceleration, thinking the...
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...Newton's First Law of Motion can be stated as: An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Newton’s First Law of Motion is applied to liftoff because: Before firing, the rocket is in state of rest, and its airspeed is zero. When the engine is fired, the thrust increases from zero and the weight decreases slightly as the fuel burns. When the thrust is greater than the weight, the net force from thrust to weight is positively upward. The rocket then accelerates upward and the velocity increases.] _______________________________________________________________1 Newton's Second Law of Motion can be stated as: The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. The key point here is that if there is no net force resulting from unbalanced forces acting on an object (if all the external forces cancel each other out), then the object will maintain a constant velocity. If that velocity is zero, then the object remains at rest. And if an additional external force is applied, the velocity will change because of the force. Newton’s second law of motion determines the amount of the change in velocity. _______________________________________________________________2 Newton’s...
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...Let us begin our explanation of how Newton changed our understanding of the Universe by enumerating his Three Laws of Motion. Newton's First Law of Motion: I. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it. This we recognize as essentially Galileo's concept of inertia, and this is often termed simply the "Law of Inertia". Newton's Second Law of Motion: II. The relationship between an object's mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma. Acceleration and force are vectors (as indicated by their symbols being displayed in slant bold font); in this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector. This is the most powerful of Newton's three Laws, because it allows quantitative calculations of dynamics: how do velocities change when forces are applied. Notice the fundamental difference between Newton's 2nd Law and the dynamics of Aristotle: according to Newton, a force causes only a change in velocity (an acceleration); it does not maintain the velocity as Aristotle held. This is sometimes summarized by saying that under Newton, F = ma, but under Aristotle F = mv, where v is the velocity. Thus, according to Aristotle there is only a velocity if there is a force, but according to Newton an object with a certain velocity maintains that velocity unless a force acts on it to cause an acceleration (that is, a change in the velocity). As...
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...Pipe Bends and Thrust Block Forces ------------------------------------------------- Pipe bends and thrust blocks forces on anchors due to fluid velocity and internal pressure - online resulting force calculator Sponsored Links Online Pipe Bend Resulting Force Calculator The calculator below can used to calculate resulting force in piping bends: ------------------------------------------------- Top of FormMetricρ - density of fluid (kg/m3)d - int. diam. pipe or bend (m)v - velocity of fluid (m/s)β - turning angle of bend (o)p - gauge pressure (kPa)Bottom of Form | ------------------------------------------------- Top of FormImperial SG - specific gravity of fluid d - int. diam. pipe or bend (inches)v - velocity of fluid (ft/s)β - turning angle of bend (o)p - gauge pressure (psi)Bottom of Form | The resulting force on a thrust block or anchor depends on the fluid mass flow and flow velocity and the pressure in the bend. Resulting force due to Mass flow and Flow Velocity The resulting force in x-direction due to mass flow and flow velocity can be expressed as: Rx = m v (1 - cosβ) (1) = ρ A v2 (1 - cosβ) (1b) = ρ π (d / 2)2 v2 (1 - cosβ) (1c) where Rx = resulting force in x-direction (N) m = mass flow (kg/s) v = flow velocity (m/s) β = turning bend angle (degrees) ρ = fluid density (kg/m3) d = internal pipe or bend diameter (m) π = 3.14... The resulting force in y-direction due to mass flow and flow velocity can be expressed...
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...Some of Apple’s biggest successes include such products as: * Macintosh: Released in 1984, it became the first computer to integrate two elements we are all familiar with in computers today: GUIs and mice. Drag-and-drop was introduced to the world at large on the Macintosh, as was the concept of folders, file icons, and a trash can on the computer screen. * Pixar: Steve Jobs bought Pixar in 1986 from Lucasfilm. He originally wanted to use the company to help develop graphics-rendering hardware and software, but as it evolved into an animation studio, a deal with Disney to produce fully-CG feature-length family films wound up in a series of blockbusters, awards, and mountains of cash. Today Pixar, now owned fully by Disney, is one of the biggest names in film CG animation. * iPod/iTunes: Originally released in 2001, the portable media device known as iPod didn’t seem like a likely candidate to kick off as large a change in the music industry as it did. It quickly got refined in future generations, and was the premier, even household, name in portable media players for many years. iTunes, released in 2003, similarly revolutionized the music industry with its easily-downloadable media library that was pretty much the only thing allowing non-Apple computers to sync with iPods. iTunes eventually killed big box record stores such as Tower Records and Virgin Media megastores. Some of Apple’s biggest failures included such products as: * Apple Lisa: Released in the...
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...colossal Successes and Failures Apple has created a factory built around innovation. It seems to harness creativity, stimulate new conceptions, and launches successful, remuneratively lucrative, revolutionary products. I believe that Apple’s most immensely colossal success is its ability to leverage its innovation processes to seize new opportunities in the marketplace and grow its business at an incredible pace. Steve Jobs, the co-founder and CEO of Apple, often boasts about the company culture and how it’s predicated upon innovation, forward thinking, and fixate on the “experience”. Aside from conspicuous iPhone and iPad successes, Apple manifested many of its incredible products from incredible misses early in its history. Lisa and the Newton were both recklessly ambitious projects that failed, but were in line with Jobs’ forward thinking...
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...definitely made a huge impact on our lives today. I chose to write about Tablets and how they started and where they could go in the future. The first Tablet was not in fact created by Apple. Apple just took the idea and vastly improved upon it. The first tablet was actually introduced in 1987 with the Linus Write-Top which was essentially a tablet that had handwriting recognition software. Basically you could hand-write on it and the tablet could read it. The first tablet computer was introduced in 1989 by Jeff Hawkins, the founder of Palm Computing. It was called the GridPad, and it ran MS-DOS though the idea was mostly ignored by the general public. A few other attempts were made through the years. Apple branched off and came out with the Newton MessagePad in 1993 which wasn’t really aimed at replacing the home PC, but more of a Personal Digital Assistant or PDA. Then in 2000, Microsoft released its first tablet computer, and later in 2002 the Microsoft XP tablet was released which ran its own version of Windows XP. Then the market for tablets really skyrocketed when Apple released the iPad in 2010. It had a touchscreen which was very popular on the iPad Touch and the iPhone. This created a huge market for tablets which got all sorts of companies trying to release their own. For example the Samsung Galaxy Tab, or the Amazon Kindle Fire. From how the tablet has evolved so far, I expect the future will be full of faster, and more versatile tablets that will help us improve our...
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...Isaac newton By Ethan Favour “We build too many walls and not enough bridges.” This was said by Sir Isaac Newton, who is credited for being one of the great minds of the 17th century scientific revolution. Isaac Newton was one of the most important and well known scientists in all of history. He was a mathematician and physicist and created several important inventions. Among his many great accomplishments, three significant things that made him well known were his laws of motion, his work in calculus, and his book on physics. The first of his 3 great achievements was his laws of motion. These consist of, the law of inertia, Newton's 2nd law of motion, and the law of reciprocal actions. The first, the law of inertia, is “A body will preserve its velocity and direction so long as no force in its motion's direction acts on it.” An example of this law could be when you aren't wearing a seatbelt (which you should never do) and the car...
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...of 1643, a magnificent scientist passed on, but another was born. Isaac Newton entered this world the same year Galileo left it, and he became one of the most famous scientists of all time. (“How Isaac Newton Changed the World”, 2008, para. 7) He explored a wide range of topics and made many groundbreaking discoveries, but he is most famous for his law of gravitation. The name Isaac Newton might bring the image of an old man getting hit in the head by a falling apple, but in reality, he’s much more than that. He shaped the way we view things today, and has accomplished everything despite having an exceedingly depressing backstory. Newton was born January 4th, 1643, and nobody expected him to amount to much (or live, for that matter)....
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...most famous proponent Sir Isaac Newton. The basic framework of the theory states that due to natural laws of the universe that everything obeys, there can be no such thing as freedom. Sir Isaac Newton is incorrect in his theory, physical determinism does not indicate whether or not freedom is possible in our reality. Like many other scientists, Sir Isaac Newton believed in the concept of universal causation. Universal causation means simply that there is a cause for everything that occurs in the universe, and that one event leads to another event. In Ethics: Theory and Practice by Jacques P. Thiroux and Keith W. Krasemann, they point out that most scientists believe in this for one main reason. In their search for reasoning and acuity for predictions freedom is physically not possible. Thiroux and Krasemann tell us Sir Isaac Newton was a firm believer that, “…our entire realm of nature and the universe is governed by natural laws…” (4). Many of the laws that he speaks of are the ones that he discovered himself, such as his famous three laws and the law of gravity. Sir Newton reasoned that, because humans are also physical beings, they controlled by these laws. There are some issues that arise from this theory however. Thiroux and Krasemann go on to point out that if all of these laws are completely true then there is no true freedom for anyone.(4) If there is truly no freedom then we are all bound just by the laws that Sir Newton talks about. Humans are no more...
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...past, blindly following the rules and teachings of the Church. Amidst the dark, came a light known as the Scientific Revolution which dared to challenge the old system of belief and thinking. From the Scientific Revolution emerged major figures whose discoveries and inventions radically impacted Europe and paved the path to the modernization of science and technology. To start, Nicolaus Copernicus’s theory of a heliocentric universe drastically changed the way that Europeans viewed the universe and set the path for future scientists. Furthermore, Galileo Galilei’s invention of the telescope impacted Europe by challenging the Aristotelian notion of the perfect, unchanging heavens. Finally, the various inventions and discoveries of Isaac Newton had a significant impact on Europe and the world. The works of these major figures completely revolutionized the world of science and, therefore, had a significant impact on Europe. Nicolaus Copernicus was the one who started what came to be known as the Scientific Revolution. Copernicus’ theory of a heliocentric universe shook the world and greatly impacted Europe. To start, Copernicus was the first to call out the problems with the Aristotelian view of the universe; this paved the path for future people to call out Aristotle. For centuries, people followed the beliefs of the Church, who followed the teachings of Aristotle. Aristotle believed that the universe was geocentric and that the Sun, Moon, stars, and other planets all revolved...
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...Isac Newton was born on on January 4, 1643, in Woolsthorpe, England. Newton attended King’s School in England. Once he completed his primary education he moved on to Cambridge. As he studied there he became fascinated with physics and read up on many philosophers. After graduation he went on to his own research before attaining a masters later in his life. Possibly the most important theory Newton ever came up with was gravity. It is commonly believed that Isaac Newton begin to think about gravity and its properties after an apple fell on his head, or simply by observing falling apples. Wether this is true or not, we may never know. The point is that Isaac Newton was a brilliant minded physicist before he even began to thing about calculus....
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