...After I read Mill’s notion of higher and lower pleasures, I changed the view of my opinion about higher and lower pleasures. Before that, I thought we just need happiness, and then it will be ok. I never think about what kind of pleasures are higher or lower. Through Mill’s view, it’s really difficult to define higher and lower pleasure. But at least, Mill equates happiness with pleasure, and not all pleasures have equal value; higher pleasures of the mind are better than lower pleasures of the body. For human beings, first thing is to seek the most and best food, drink, sleep, sex and so on. This can satisfy people’s lower pleasure. However, people also need higher pleasures. So what are higher pleasures? It mostly focuses on spiritual happiness. Of course, after people’s lower pleasures been satisfied, then people can started to seek higher pleasures. Try to think about it, if people cannot feed themselves, who will try to learn the science. So, reading a good book, seeing a good play or other edifying pleasures would be far superior and would supersede food, drink, sleep, sex etc. When people who are tolerably fortunate in their outward lot find life unhappy, it usually is because they lack altruism or are deficient in mental cultivation. Those who cherish a fellow-feeling for others will always retain a pleasurable interest in life; and a cultivated mind finds inexhaustible interest in all that surrounds it--nature, art, poetry, history, the past, present and future of mankind...
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...Is Family Ever Normal? Who’s to say, what the ideal family really looks like? As we all are entitled to our opinions, what looks like the perfect family to me may not look quite so perfect to another. We shouldn't view family as the necular family because it extends further than the immediate household. Family can be considered anyone who shares the emotional relationship and unconditional love for each other. We shouldn't judge others based on our beliefs or culture. Growing up we learn important values from our elders and family is the beginning foundation for your learning. Your family does not necessarily have to be blood related, but traditionally consists of a mother, father, and children. With time comes change, and society’s definition of family differs in 2013 than the 1950’s. Reality television shows today compared to 1950’s do not portray families to imitate, it’s mostly broadcast for entertainment. Reality television shows are a big hit these days. On average there are about 320 reality television shows that are shown throughout the year, compared to only four in 2000. In “What We Really Miss About the 1950’s,” the author Stephanie Coontz describes shows such as, “Leave it to Beaver” and “ Donna Reed” as shows American families should imitate. Children respected their parents more in the shows and maintained a close relationship throughout their lives. I feel respect towards parents is an important value, but we don’t see it very often it reality television. For...
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...defined as a story about gods or heroes, it can be a popular belief or a tradition or a false notion. A hero can be a mythological figure, a person who is admired for his or her achievements, a superhero or maybe a role model or an icon. 2. Locations and forms of power: (also called Places and forms of power or Seats and forms of power) In politics and social science, power is the ability to influence the behavior of people. In order to live together members of a community accept rules, regulations, laws. This helps to create social cohesion but can also lead to conflicts and tensions. Even when authority seems absolute, there are always counter-powers which question it, aim at limiting its excesses and resist it. 3. The idea of Progress The idea of progress can be defined as an improvement, a development or a change – a technical, scientific or social advance which contributes to making the world a better place. 4. Spaces and Exchanges This notion deals with the geographical and symbolic areas that all societies occupy and the interactions between men and different societies. Our world is built on the exploration and conquest of new spaces. The different cultural, economic, sociological and language interactions have shaped and characterised our modern-day world. Space and Exchanges Proposition de plan pour l'expression orale Part 1: presentation of the notion Space and Exchanges = movement of money: Trade (the basis of all societies) The Stock Exchange...
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...My paper will focus on how Alice Walker’s The Color Purple questions the notions of gender. In the article “Feminism” Carolyn Perry states that “Feminism differs from the women’s movement in that it moves beyond the political and economic issues at heart of the women’s movement…, such as tearing down the hierarchical structure of sex and gender roles and changing the way people view men, women, and gender”(255). She believed that it wasn’t a such thing as “a women’s place”(255). In The Color Purple Alice Walker shows us that women can over come oppression and become stronger if they believe they can. Unlike Celie in The Color Purple, Alice Malsenior Walker had a fairly happy childhood. She was the last of eight children born by her parents. She began 1st grade at the age of four and was very successful. She was very happy with her life “…until an accident (a brother shot her with a BB gun) blinded her in one eye and made her feel ugly”(Taylor2614). After the accident her grades began to fall because she was unhappy and the children at her school began tease her. After having surgery on her eye, She regained her confidence and graduated valedictorian of her class. The Color Purple took place in a time where women believed that the man was in charge. Back then women weren’t allowed to express their opinions. In the first sentence of The Color Purple, Walker shows us how Celie’s stepfather would rape her and threaten her to do what he wanted. “You better not never tell no...
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...Assignment notes Christianity vs. Judaism: The major differencesHere, in great brevity, is a summary of some of the major differences between Judaism and Christianity. | Principle | | Christianity | | Judaism | Nature of God | | Trinity | | Unity | Nature of Messiah | | Divine, Sin Sacrifice | | Only human, Righteous King | Atonement | | Blood Required | | Prayer and Repentance | Sin | | Everyone stained by Adam and Eve ("original sin") | | All begin with clean slate | Righteousness | | No one | | Within our power to choose | Satan | | Fallen angel | | Agent of God | Torah | | Written only | | Written and Oral | Commandments | | Not eternal or valuable | | Eternal and of ultimate value | Exclusivity | | Only Christians go to heaven | | All righteous have a place in the world to come. | Land of Israel | | Irrelevant | | Crucial | Jews | | Replaced by the church; or irrelevant | | God’s chosen people | Judaism is one of the world’s oldest religions, dating back up to 2000 years BC from the time when God first called Abraham to leave his home and follow Him. At that time, God made a covenant (or agreement) with Abraham in which He promised to make Abraham the father of a great nation and that one day his descendants would inherit the land of Canaan if Abraham followed him. God’s plan was gradually revealed through the Old Testament and built on with further promises to Moses, David and the prophets...
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...Droit fiscal général: la notion d’impot Définition: L’imposition est le fait que les administrations publiques soumettent une personne morale ou physique à un impôt, une taxe, une contribution ou encore une cotisation sociale. La taxe est un prélèvement obligatoire perçu d'autorité, à l'occasion d'une opération, mais qui ne constitue pas la contre-partie monétaire de ce service. Les taxes parafiscales étaient perçus dans un intérêt économique et social au profit d’une personne morale de droit public ou de droit privé, autre que l’État, les collectivités locales et leurs établissements publics administratifs. Ces taxes échappent à la compétence du législateur, qui devait laisser au pouvoir réglementaire le soin de préciser leur assiette, les modalités de leur application et leur taux. Les taxes parafiscales ont été supprimées depuis la LOLF de 2001. = c’était la seule imposition réglementaire. L’imposition consiste en une répartition des charges publiques entre les individus. L’impôt est une créance. L’imposition entraîne la naissance d’une créance pécuniaire. Mais toutes créances n’est pas un impôt (cf. Redevance avec l’existence d’une contrepartie). Pour déterminer la nature de la créance on s’interroge sur l’existence d’une contreprestation. Limite: il n’y a pas de cause objective à l’impôt contrairement à la redevance (contrepartie). L’impôt est un acte arbitraire du souverain, il n’y a donc pas de lien à faire entre un but particulier qui serait poursuivi...
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...Vilma Laureano REL 2300; 2407 Professor Sinclair 10 December 2011 Christianity Three relevant Notions Religion is something that virtually all humans have in common. People wonder about the meaning of life, and how to make the best of it. People wonder what happens afterwards, and if there is anyone or anything”out there. During my study of Christianity, the largest religion in the world, I have found that the Roman Catholic Faith has many sacraments that help sustain answers to many of the previously stated questions. There are seven rituals in total instituted by Christ and given to the Church to administer. They are considered necessary for salvation. The sacraments are the vehicles of grace, which they convey. They are validly administered by the carrying out of the sign with the proper intention. Not all are equally qualified to administer all the sacraments. One notion regarding Christianity that I found to be of most interest is Baptism. The significance of the ritual itself is the introduction into the body of Christ, the Christian faith. Baptism is a ritual, which brings an individual from a life of sin to a life of service through God, and welcomes individuals to the faith. Its importance described by Thomas J. Needles as “It pictures the historical event in the life of Christ that brought to fruition the purpose of his reincarnation, namely, to give his life as ransom for many.” ("Baptism as a Symbol of Christ’s Saving Work.” Understanding Four...
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...In 1987 Marlon Riggs produced a documentary titled Ethnic Notions. Ethnic Notions reviews the evolution of white America’s perception of African Americans. The title Ethnic Notions can be defined as, a conception or belief of a particular race of people. In a more in-depth manner, the tile can be defined as, a conception or belief of what white America thought about African Americans. Ethnic Notion’s definition provides a general summary of what this documentary is about. I believe the significance of the title upholds the belief that everyone does not look at African Americans the way some white Americans have perceived them to be. This movie gives me the impression as if white American thought of African Americans as fools or even just...
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...computers, especially those connected to broadband Internet, the media landscape has changed drastically. All media-related industries, from newspaper to television to music and more, are experiencing this shift and are desperately attempting to react to the changing media landscape that has placed much of the control on the consumers rather than the producers of these media forms. Two digital media forms experiencing particularly interesting shifts of power are video games and digital music. Consumers of digital media forms such as video games and digital music files have complicated the traditional notion of authorship through their use of digital media technologies, which allows them to use digital media as an instrument of expression. Before delving into the intricacies surrounding this new form of authorship present in digital media it is first important to discuss the notion of authorship prior to the emergence of this digitally induced phenomenon. In non-digital mediums such as books, radio, and television, authorship exists as an individual endeavor, as authorship is only granted to the original author(s) of the media. As a consumer of this non-digital media the only point of contention as it relates to authorial expression is limited is the debate over authorial intent or narrative interpretation in these non-interactive cultural forms. Books, television, and radio are more or less consumed passively and the only means of authoring something from these forms of media...
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...The film “Ethnic Notions” highlights the unjust and cruel depictions of african americans before and after the civil war. It is evident that in a country that claims to be making progress, there is not enough, because we see many of the same issues to this day. The Kanye Western theme party shows the lack of progress made concerning racism. From what can be seen in the documentary, those who imitate african americans see their actions as a joke but did not realize the impacts it would have on american culture. Like the Vice Chancellor Jerry Kang stated, “Intention doesn't control…we have to not only ask what was the intent, we have to ask what was the impact.” This party made generalizations about black culture and the attendees not only imitated...
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...Watch the two video clips "Zinn: The Misguided Notion of Patriotism" featuring Howard Zinn in "Howard Zinn: The Misguided Notion of Patriotism" in module # 12 "Critical Thinking and Mass Media Propaganda". Identify one main claim made by Howard Zinn in each of these two video clips and his supporting reason for the claim. Compare his views to those of Noam Chomsky in the clip "Anti-Americanism" in the same module page. Probe their claims and reasons with essential questions and justify your agreement or disagreement with them. (ANSWER) Essential Questions: What is beneficial for Americans to be aware of about World history? What does it mean to be...
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...1. Introduction Directors play vital role in corporate governance in which their poor management will lead to a significant change of shareholders value, measured by the company share prices. For example, ABC Learning Centre share price dropped 60% in 2 hours after it announced its profit fell 42% (Couriermail 2008). The purpose of this report is to outline the reasons of the collapses of ABC Learning Centre, Centro Properties Ltd and Hastie Group and the main financial disclosure issues raised. This report also includes amendments done by the Australian regulator to prevent such collapses and a discussion of directors’ duties to ensure the true and fair view of financial statements. 2. Brief background and the cause of financial problem 3.1 ABC Learning Centre In 2008, the ABC wrote off a loss of $437million, an amount which exceeds total profits of $300million in previous years (Schwab 2008). This means that ABC was indeed making losses since it was listed in 2001. The problem arose when new audit company, Ernst &Young, the new appointed audit team, found out that the company had reported payments from the developers as normal revenue hindering the fact that most centres were actually losing money. Moreover, an approximately of $206million indirect subsidy from the Federal Government via Child Care Benefit were reported (Rush & Downie 2006). Another problem is that its intangible assets consisted of various operating licenses worth $3.05billion...
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...The documentary film Ethnic Notions, directed by Marlon Riggs, examines anti-black stereotypes that have permeated the popular culture of America: from the period of the antebellum South until the dawn of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. Ethnic Notions traces the deep-rooted stereotypes that have fueled the anti-black agenda and cultural prejudice throughout American history. These images aid the viewer in beginning to conceptualize the evolution of racial consciousness in the United States. The stereotypes of The Tom, The Sambo, The Mammy, The Coon, The Brute, The Pickaninnies, etc. appear on screen, one after the other in various forms: cartoons, minstrel shows, popular songs, advertisements, and even children’s rhymes. This documentary does well in their explanation and describing, or rather,...
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...The notion of gene-linked criminals has been a controversial topic for many years. Researchers have assessed criminals and found a link with biological determinism, but other individuals believe this it is not entirely correct to judge one’s potential to be a criminal based off their genes and social upbringing. In the film The Suicide Squad (2016), a team of ‘Metahumans’ were formed to extinguish evil. There are those who have claimed Biological determinism is a major factor that influences the perceptions of criminals and potential to have inherit undesirable traits. However, there is evidence that demonstrate social forces can impact upon human behaviour. Though there are scientific reports that prove this claim, particular scenes in the movie suggests that the criminals became bad due to social and environmental factors. Researchers has claimed that biological determinism predetermines traits of an individual. Although this may be true, Toni Makkai states in the past, “genetic explanations” were used to determine the factors that...
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...Critical Theory concerns conflicting logics- a social concern versus a language one. In the pathways of developments in theory, there are two diverging points- one, the obsession with language, communication systems and, two the focus on social construction. On one hand, Critical Theory of society emerged to deal with those aspects of social reality which Marx and his followers downplayed and neglected. It takes a specialized sense, describing the work of the Frankfurt School. On the other hand, it is concerned with the dominance of language to explain all phenomena. The term ‘Critical Theory’ was coined in 1930s. The concept of language and culture being linked has been discussed for a long period. However, in the twentieth century, Critical theory marks a linguistic turn; a whole new approach to language, literature and interpretation. During this period one witnessed the rise of an astonishing number of theories that used language as a basis for thinking about every kind of human experience. There were ‘new’ ways of looking at psychology, sexuality, philosophy, politics, technology— and, of course, literature. The major theories that spawned in critical theory ranged from formalism, structuralism, semiotics, psychoanalysis, and deconstruction, to the responses and critiques posed by race and gender theory, cultural studies, post colonialism, and new media. At the very crux of literary theory is language. Books are made of language; the question 20th century critical theory...
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