...survival. The idea of reproduction and what it means and does for society has become increasingly important. Everything an expectant mother eats, drinks, and puts into her body goes directly into her fetus’ bloodstream. The actions a mother takes during pregnancy sets the course of her baby’s entire life. This is the idea at the core of the science of fetal origins. The science of fetal origins is a recently developed science that focuses on the effects of all actions a mother takes during a pregnancy. Are certain foods more important to eat than...
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...race, religion, disability, or ethnicity/national origin (McMahon and others, 2004). Thus, hate crimes (which are also known as biased crimes), are criminal offenses that are driven by an extreme hatred or bias against the group to which the individual that is harmed, or piece of property that is damaged, belongs to(APA, YEAR). For example,...
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...Head Office 30 Grosvenor Street, Neutral Bay, NSW 2089 Ph: 02 9904 5600 Fax: 02 9904 5611 Coming to grips with family systems theory in a collaborative, learning environment. info@thefsi.com.au http://www.thefsi.com.au Bowen Family Systems Theory and Practice: Illustration and Critique By Jenny Brown This paper will give an overview of Murray Bowen’s theory of family systems. It will describe the model’s development and outline its core clinical components. The practice of therapy will be described as well as recent developments within the model. Some key criticisms will be raised, followed by a case example which highlights the therapeutic focus of Bowen’s approach. This is the author’s version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Australian Academic Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy (ANZJFT) Vol.20 No.2 1999 pp 94-103). Introduction Murray Bowen's family systems theory (shortened to 'Bowen theory' from 1974) was one of the first comprehensive theories of family systems functioning (Bowen, 1966, 1978, Kerr and Bowen, 1988). While it has received sporadic attention in Australia and New Zealand, it continues to be a central influence in the practice of family therapy in North America. It is possible that some local family therapists have been influenced by many of Bowen's ideas without the connection being articulated. For example, the writing of Guerin...
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...common disorders known is anxiety and panic disorder. Anxiety is a response to a situation, object, or person that the individual has come to fear through learning and experience (Doctor and Kahn, 1899). According to Hatloy (2012), anxiety is something learned in life due to the fact that probably one’s family may have had a tendency to see the world as antagonistic and unsafe and one figured out how to react in the same way. He also stated that some theories have suggested that one may inherit a tendency to be more anxious, and so it is a part of one’s personality. Panic disorder, on the other hand, is an abrupt surge of anxiety with a feeling...
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...Anxiety is a normal part of living as a human being. Whether it is a result of a big test going on, the moment leading up to riding a roller coaster, or having a significant conversation with someone important, everyone experiences anxiety at different points of their lives. Usually some anxiety and nerves are normal and can even be beneficial in aiding in certain tasks. However, in some cases, people have more anxiety than the normal healthy amount. This is often explained as an anxiety disorder, which can often be accompanied by depression and together can wreck havoc on an individuals well being. There are many different factors that contribute to developing an anxiety disorder, such as: parental guidance, place in the household, peers,...
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...Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Vietnam War Veterans COMM/156 4/14/2013 Professor Marsha Parker PTSD is an anxiety disorder classified as a mental illness caused by exposure to terrifying or life threatening events. During the time of war, people get exposed to devastating experiences such as sexual abuse, witnessing murder of family members or familiar people, and other horrors of war. As a result, the victims suffer from mental disorders since the horrible experiences are forever ingrained in their mind. Bearing in mind that bad memories are rarely erased, the experiences can be compared to a horror movie that is often played in the mind and constantly frightens the victim to death. On one hand the victim celebrates survival but on the other hand the experiences haunt one through night mares or flashbacks. The victim remains constantly on edge and is easily startled. Some common feelings include intense guilt and some time numbness- all signs of posttraumatic stress disorder (TMP, 2012). A research finding by Bruce Dohrenwend and colleagues from New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia’s Letter Carrier School of Public Health, shows that traumatic experiences during war predicted the onset of PTSD in Vietnam veterans (Mikulak, 2013). We will examine the PTSD in Vietnam War veterans. Human existence has been always exposed to traumatic incidences of various kinds. For instance, attacks by lions or even the twentieth century terrorist attacks to...
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...Organizations Essay on “What is stress at work? Set out the main causes of stress at work and explain why it can have serious effects on individuals and organizations.” Student Name: Ahmed Muhud Seminar leader name: Donna Kamal Word Count: 1636/ 1800 (+/- 10%) Date: 11.12.2012 To begin with, Hans Selye was first to define the term stress, “as a non specific response of the body to any demand made upon it”(cited in Jones, 2011, p. 90). According to Health and Safety Executive (HSE) stress is defined as an “as a harmful reaction that people have to undue pressures and demands placed on them at work”. The origin of stress can be split into two parts: physical and behavioral manifestations (Speaking Book). Sickness, tiredness, cerebral pains, muscle pressure, noise, night shifts and monotonous tasks these are all part of the physical side effects. The behavioral symptoms are nervousness, emotions of disappointment, negative thoughts, time pressure, poor decision-making, steady changes of the mood, and separation from the world and individuals (BMJ, 1996). Since 2001/02 new instances of sick wellbeing have dropped, reaching a low of 452 000 in 2011/12 (Health and Safety statistics, 2014). In 2012/13 no ill information was gathered however in 2013/14 the quantity of new cases expanded to 535 000, a comparative level to that in 2009/10 (Health and Safety statistics, 2014). The surveyed number of new examples of tension, unhappiness or anxiety has remained extensively...
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...STRESS, ANXIETY, HABITS AND PHOBIAS This essay is about the relationship, similarities and equally differences between stress, anxiety, habits and phobia’s. I am going to demonstrate and explain my understanding of the subject and how I would use my skills as a therapist to best treat the symptoms and issues faced by someone suffering with a particular phobia using the information gathered from the practice sessions I have undertaken to date, reading, the Chrysalis module notes and information I have taken away from class. I will also try to cover and explain some of the ethical topics regarding the above. Firstly then I am going to discuss the relationship between stress, panic and anxiety and try to explain the differences. Stress is a common feeling that the majority of people will suffer with at some point, when faced with a new situation that causes them to be frustrated, angry or frightened it is however short lived and when removed from that particular stressful environment the person will usually feel better and no longer experience any long term negative effects. It is a necessary part of life as if we had no stress or feelings of fear we would not be able to choose the appropriate course of action in our sub-conscious when we maybe need to be aware of danger commonly known as the “fight or flight mechanism”. We would also have no motivation to do anything productive. (chapter 6 Stress Reduction, Hypnosis for change). However Chronic stress (when a person is...
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...Stress and health Name: Institution of affiliation: Course: Lecturer Date: Abstract Stress is normal. It begins when we perceive a threat, and that threat can be real like being in a car accident or it can be imagined simply by seeing a car accident and thinking there must be a lot of crazy drivers on the road. Recently, about three months ago I lost my part time job at a local company and had to go through alot to overcome the feelings.the reason was that I had put alot of efforts and expectations on the same and did not forsee the fateful event happening.It was the only source of income and could provide vital experience for me to face the world once am out there.It is because I like being independent and not so much of a dependant that I chose to wor and the result of the loss was dire.I was emotionally and mentally disturbed as I had many plans and had many projects to handle depending on the prospects of the job.the idea was to develop skills of leadership, management and entrepreneurship.I could not put myself together afeter the ordeal and had to seek the services of a psychologist to relieve my stress.It took me one an dhalf months to get over it. The Brain Responds to Stress When you see a risk, your cerebrum bounced energetically to equip you to battle the danger or to run from it. This is known as the battle or flight reaction. Your mind advises your body to get prepared by: • increasing your heart rate and circulatory strain • slowing...
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...each week, imagine a connection between your mind and the words on the paper to allow a flow of thought. We have also provided a weekly mantra; the word “mantra” simply means an instrument for the mind, and these quotes you can use focus on with each breath in when you meditate. Stop, Breathe & Think: This is a great app for mindfulness beginners as it has a “Learn to Meditate” section and keeps the meditations short. With over 20 free sessions, there’s a lot of variety as well. When you’re ready to go deeper, the app also explains the physiology of stress and...
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...diagnosis that you did). Refer to the movie to illustrate the symptoms that the character demonstrates. • Discuss all the possible symptoms of the disorder; does the client show all the possible symptoms, or only some of the possible symptoms of the disorder? • In some cases, the character may be lying, and does not really have a disorder. For example, the person may be faking the disorder to avoid prosecution for a crime. If you feel that the character does not really have a disorder, what makes you think that the person is lying? What evidence is there that the disorder is not genuine? What do they do well in faking the disorder? o You should summarize any possible origins of the disorder. o Is it likely to be genetic? Is it likely to be caused by stress, or by exposure to...
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...not a topic that individuals are readily informed about. There is a significant amount of stress in the media on the importance of physical activity to an individuals’ health in preventing and treating chronic diseases however the significance towards mental health is rarely mentioned. Although there are a lot of research studies regarding the topic, university students may not necessarily take the time to properly educate themselves on how to better their life through physical activity. Physical activity has a positive effect on the mental health of post-secondary students specifically in the areas of anxiety, stress and depression. Students experience many forms of stress not only in regards to academics, but many outside factors as well. According to Hurst (2013), after surveying students for his study the top stressor they reported is general academics. A full-time student generally takes five courses per semester which include overlapping due dates for assignments, the act of studying for exams, all while students are expected to maintain a required average in order to remain enrolled in the program. All of these contribute to the stress of the student. The second most frequent stressor faced by students is relationships. Hurst (2013) explains that students face relationship stressors in regards to family, romantic, and peer relationships. Parents unknowingly place a lot of stress on their child to do well in school and the importance of getting an education. There are...
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...Every year, thousands of Americans come under attack because of their race, ethnicity, national origin, sexual orientation, gender, religion, or a disability. These attacks can range from name-calling, offensive jokes, and social exclusion to life-threatening acts of violence. When these attacks cross the line into criminal activity, they are considered to be hate crimes. Hate crimes can take many forms; A black teenager is beaten up by white teenagers while walking through a suburb. Swastikas are painted on a synagogue. A gay man is killed and another is injured when they are attacked by a group of men outside a gay bar. A transgender male or female. A bomb threat is called in to a local Islamic center, and racial epithets are shouted at children wearing traditional Arab clothing. Not only do hate crimes affect individual victims, but can also harm every other member of the group that individual represents, creating a sense of fear, vulnerability, insecurity, distrust, and outrage. They can also launch cycles of retaliation and counter-retaliation among groups. Almost two-thirds of reported attacks are committed by individuals under the age of 24. Although people of all racial and ethnic groups commit hate crimes, young white males commit majority of them. Most victims of violent hate crimes are also young: more than half of the victims of reported hate violence are age 24 or under, and nearly a third are under 18. African Americans, Jews, Arab Americans and Muslims, new immigrants...
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...A new condition is frightening and those affected by it will face a series of new challenges (Richard C. Frank, 2009). There are eight stages of the ‘coping mechanism’ on how people deal with stress. The first stage is the anger and frustration. Thoughts such as ‘Why me?’ and ‘It’s not fair!’ are often associated with this initial stage (Thomas, 2013). These immediate reactions stimulate homeostasis triggering the adaptive response, which is the body’s way of maintaining an internal stable state. Hans Selye in 1936 characterised the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) which is the initial fight to restore homeostasis in regards to a stressor. After the individual has been diagnosed they will be in the ‘alarm phase’. This phase happens when the mind sensors a stressor such as a new diagnosis. The cerebral cortex triggers an autonomic nervous system response that prepares the body for action. This system activates body functions that are...
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...l l e g e S t u de n t Many people experience stress as they combine busy lives and the demands of study and or work while trying to also save time for friends and family. For some people, stress becomes almost a way of life. We all experience episodic stress – getting ready for a major exam, completing an important paper, perhaps getting ready for an important interview. However, a continuous “state” of stress should not become a way of life. We know that stress – over a prolonged period of time – can have increase certain health risks, to say nothing of the wear and tear that happens to relationships and general wellbeing. This simple guide uses materials adapted from several college campuses with active stress reduction programs. It explores the origins of stress and provides some basic ways to assess the level of stress you may be feeling and then suggests some easy-to-incorporate ways to decrease the level of stress. WHAT IS STRESS? Stress is simply the body's non-specific response to any demand made on it. Stress is not by definition synonymous with nervous tension or anxiety. Stress provides the means to express talents and energies and pursue happiness; it can also cause exhaustion and illness, either physical or psychological; heart attacks and accidents. The important Thing to remember about stress is that certain forms are normal and Recognizing Stress The following are indicators that you may be experiencing stress. ^ General irritability ^ Elevated heart rate...
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