...findings, enacted Public Law 94-142, also known as The Education for all Handicapped Children Act (EHA) of 1975 (Wright & Wright, 2016). This law, affirmed McCann (2014), guaranteed that children with disabilities, age three to 21, receive a “free and appropriate public education” (FAPE). Congress placed mandates and procedural safeguards in this law to protect the rights of children with handicaps and their parents (Wright & Wright, 2016). Owings and Kaplan (2006) reported that at the time of passing the 1975 legislation, the cost of special education was roughly twice that of educating non-special education students. The Education for all Handicapped Children Act changed the federal funding formula for special education (Owings & Kaplan, 2013). Rather than basing the formula on a state’s total population of students, Owings and Kaplan (2013) indicated that it used a census of children with disabilities. Census information collected by each district and school is then reported to that state’s Department of Education (Owings & Kaplan, 2013). With the enactment, states would receive an amount equal to the number of students with disabilities times 40 percent of the country’s average per-pupil expenditure for K-12 education (Griffith, 2015). At the time, Freedman (2009) described the problem with the new formula as one that rewards states that identify more special education students with more funding. Per Freedman (2009), it offered an incentive to identify more students...
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...ACCA Paper F3 (INT) Financial accounting The Essential Text British library cataloguinginpublication data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Published by: Kaplan Publishing UK Unit 2 The Business Centre Molly Millars Lane Wokingham Berkshire RG41 2QZ ISBN 978 1 84710 537 0 © Kaplan Financial Limited, 2008 Printed and bound in Great Britain Acknowledgements We are grateful to the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants and the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants for permission to reproduce past examination questions. The answers have been prepared by Kaplan Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Kaplan Publishing. ii KAPLAN PUBLISHING Contents Page Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Introduction to accounting Statement of financial position and income statement Double entry bookkeeping Inventory Sales tax Accruals and prepayments Irrecoverable debts and allowances for receivables Noncurrent assets From trial balance to financial statements Books of prime entry and control accounts...
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...Applying the Balanced Scorecard to Education DEMETRIUS KARATHANOS PATRICIA KARATHANOS Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau, Missouri T he concept of the balanced scorecard (BSC) was first introduced by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton (1992) in their now widely cited Harvard Business Review article, “The Balanced Scorecard—Measures that Drive Performance.” The widespread adoption and use of the BSC is well documented. For example, Kaplan and Norton (2001) reported that by 2001 about 50% of the Fortune 1000 companies in North America and 40% to 45% of companies in Europe were using the BSC. The basic premise of the BSC is that financial results alone cannot capture value-creating activities (Kaplan & Norton, 2001). In other words, financial measures are lagging indicators and, as such, are not effective in identifying the drivers or activities that affect financial results. Kaplan and Norton (1992) suggested that organizations, while using financial measures, should develop a comprehensive set of additional measures to use as leading indicators, or predictors, of financial performance. They suggested that measures should be developed that address four perspectives: 1. The financial perspective. Measures in this perspective should answer the question, “How should we appear to our shareholders?” 2. The customer perspective. These measures should answer the question, ABSTRACT. Although the application of the balanced scorecard (BSC) in the business sector...
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...Executive Summary This paper is organized to discuss the framework called the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), by Robert Kaplan and David Norton, translates an R2i's mission and strategy into a comprehensive set of performance measures that provides the framework for a strategic measurement and management system. The BSC was developed to measure both current operating performance and the drivers of future performance. The objectives and measures on a Balanced Scorecard should be derived from the business unit's strategy. A scorecard should contain outcome measures and the performance drivers of those outcomes. The scorecard measures organizational performance across a set of leading and lagging performance indicators grouped into four linked perspectives: financial, customer, internal processes, and learning and growth. Processing complex, unstructured information can be difficult. The BSC enables R2i to track short-term financial results while simultaneously monitoring their progress in building the capabilities and acquiring the intangible assets that generate growth for future financial performance. The BSC enables managers to monitor and adjust the implementation of their strategy, and to make fundamental changes in the strategy itself. The BSC provides a representation of the organization's shared vision. The BSC communicates a holistic model that links individual efforts and accomplishments to business unit objectives. Thus, a shared vision and shared performance model, structured...
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...School of Policy, Planning and Development University of Southern California PPD 515: Strategic Management of Healthcare Organizations Intensive Semester |Session I: June 5 through 8, 2008 |Time: 8:30 AM to 4:30 PM | |Session II: June 23 and 24, 2008 | | |Session III: July 14 and 15, 2008 | | Professor: Robert C. Myrtle, D.P.A. Office Phone: (213) 740-0378 FAX: (562) 439-2250 Home Phone: (562) 438-4359 E-Mail: myrtle@usc.edu Office Hours: By Appointment Only Office Location: Lewis Hall 301e Course Description Application of principles of health administration in several practice settings. Decision making, strategic management, organizational performance, communication, and provider comparisons. Introduction This course is designed to be the capstone course for the Master of Health Services Administration degree. It assumes that the student is in the final semester of graduate work and has successfully completed course work in health issues and policy, health economics, financial management, organizational behavior, quantitative analysis, and health law. The title of the course and its description has been instrumental in shaping the focus of this course and the material...
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...Sunderland Business School Working Capital Management And Relevant costing and decision making Student Name Course : APC 309: Strategic Management Accounting Instructor : Term : Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Part A: Working capital management of XYZ 3 2.1. Improving the elements of working capital 5 i. Inventories 5 ii. Trade receivables 6 iii. Trade Payables 7 iv. Cash and cash equivalent 7 3. Part B: Strategic Management Accounting for Decision making 8 3.1. Shutting down or keeping open a part of a business 9 3.2. Pricing a product or service 10 3.3. Product mix and limiting factor analysis 11 3.4. Make or buy decision 11 4. Conclusion 12 List of References 13 Appendix 01: Discount for early settlement 14 Appendix 02: Factoring 15 Appendix 03: Decision to shut down an operation 16 Appendix 04: Limiting factor and decision making 19 Appendix 05: Make or buy decision 21 1. Introduction This report has been prepared as per the request made by you to prepare a report on working capital management and using strategic management accounting techniques in decision making. This report has been divided into two parts, part A deals with working capital management and the components of working capital such as trade receivables, inventories, cash and cash equivalent and trade payables. This part also analyse the strategies to improve each component of working capital to improve overall working...
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...Merchandising Management Specialism) under the Supervision of Dr. CHANG M.T. Jimmy by Emily, Kit Ying SIN Institute of Textiles & Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University May 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I hereby declare that this thesis is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it reproduces no material previously published or written, nor material that has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma, except where due acknowledgement had been made in the text. _____________________________________________________(Signed) __________________________________________________(Name of student) ABSTRACT Summary of the contents and finding of the thesis briefly LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1: Summary Table of Hypotheses LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure.1: Active Usage of Top 10 Social Media Platform Figure.2: Alexander McQueen Fashion house business page on Facebook Figure.3: Hierarchy of Effect (HOE) model Figure.4 Proposed Conceptual Framework TABLES OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY ABSTRACT LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF...
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...The misapplication of capital investment appraisal techniques Colin Drury Professor, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK Mike Tayles Lecturer, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK Surveys of capital budgeting practices in the UK and USA reveal a trend towards the increased use of more sophisticated investment appraisals requiring the application of discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques. Several writers, however, have claimed that companies are underinvesting because they misapply or misinterpret DCF techniques. Such claims have been made on the basis of observations in only a few companies, or anecdotal evidence, without any supporting statistical evidence. Reports on a recent survey conducted by the authors which suggests that many UK firms are guilty of misapplying DCF techniques. Also provides evidence relating to some issues that have not been thoroughly examined in previous studies, namely the impact of company size and the relative importance that firms attach to different investment appraisal techniques. An examination of the surveys of capital budgeting practices that have been undertaken during the past 20 years in both the UK and USA reveals a trend towards a continuing increase in the use of more sophisticated capital budgeting techniques. In a longitudinal survey of capital budgeting practices of large UK companies between 1975 and 1992 Pike (1996) reported a substantial increase in the usage of discounted cash flow (DCF) and risk appraisal techniques. In 1975...
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...FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING INFORMATION AND THE RELEVANCE/IRRELEVANCE ISSUE (Global Business & Economics Review Volume 5 No.2 December 2003 pp:140-175) Stanley C. W. Salvary, Canisius College ABSTRACT Some current research conclude that the numbers in financial statements are not relevant for three basic reasons. The numbers: (1) are not isomorphic with capital market values, (2) do not have a future orientation, and (3) are un-interpretable since they are based upon five different measurement attributes. The lack of isomorphism argument is invalid since actual current performance is not identical with the capital market expectations of future performance. The lack of a future orientation argument is invalid since financial statements capture what has happened and not what is expected to happen. Since a single measurement attribute is required to produce meaningful measures, the un-interpretability argument holds. A unique measurement attribute is identified in this paper to address this problem I. INTRODUCTION In Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 1: Objectives of Financial Reporting by Business Enterprises (SFAC1) [1978], the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) maintains that the function of financial accounting is to generate information useful to a group of users (investors and creditors) for decision-making. The focus on that specific function (decision-making) leads to a concern for predictive value, as opposed to feedback value, in financial statements...
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...Journal of Financial Economics 53 (1999) 409 }437 Valuing IPOs Moonchul Kim , Jay R. Ritter * Department of Accounting, KyungHee University, C1 Hoegie-Dong, Dongdaemun-Ku, Seoul 130-701, South Korea Department of Finance, School of Business Administration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7168, USA Received 3 June 1997; received in revised form 18 August 1998 Abstract The use of accounting information in conjunction with comparable "rm multiples is widely recommended for valuing initial public o!erings (IPOs). We "nd that the price}earnings (P/E), market-to-book, and price-to-sales multiples of comparable "rms have only modest predictive ability without further adjustments. This is largely due to the wide variation of these ratios for young "rms within an industry. P/E multiples using forecasted earnings result in much more accurate valuations than multiples using trailing 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. earnings. JEL classixcation: G24 Keywords: Initial public o!erings; Valuation; Comparable "rms * Corresponding author. Tel.: #1-352-846-2837; fax: #1-352-392-0301. E-mail addresses: kimc@nms.kyunghee.ac.kr (M. Kim), jritter@dale.cba.u#.edu (J.R. Ritter) This paper is based on Moonchul Kim's University of Illinois Ph.D. dissertation. We would like to thank seminar participants at Boston, Emory, Georgetown, Humboldt (Berlin), and Vanderbilt Universities, the Universities of Miami and Texas, the Stockholm School of Economics, the Chinese University...
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...Journal of Financial Economics 53 (1999) 409 }437 Valuing IPOs Moonchul Kim , Jay R. Ritter * Department of Accounting, KyungHee University, C1 Hoegie-Dong, Dongdaemun-Ku, Seoul 130-701, South Korea Department of Finance, School of Business Administration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7168, USA Received 3 June 1997; received in revised form 18 August 1998 Abstract The use of accounting information in conjunction with comparable "rm multiples is widely recommended for valuing initial public o!erings (IPOs). We "nd that the price}earnings (P/E), market-to-book, and price-to-sales multiples of comparable "rms have only modest predictive ability without further adjustments. This is largely due to the wide variation of these ratios for young "rms within an industry. P/E multiples using forecasted earnings result in much more accurate valuations than multiples using trailing 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. earnings. JEL classixcation: G24 Keywords: Initial public o!erings; Valuation; Comparable "rms * Corresponding author. Tel.: #1-352-846-2837; fax: #1-352-392-0301. E-mail addresses: kimc@nms.kyunghee.ac.kr (M. Kim), jritter@dale.cba.u#.edu (J.R. Ritter) This paper is based on Moonchul Kim's University of Illinois Ph.D. dissertation. We would like to thank seminar participants at Boston, Emory, Georgetown, Humboldt (Berlin), and Vanderbilt Universities, the Universities of Miami and Texas, the Stockholm School of Economics, the Chinese University...
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...Journal of International Business Studies (2012) 43, 84–106 & 2012 Academy of International Business All rights reserved 0047-2506 www.jibs.net Multinationals and corporate social responsibility in host countries: Does distance matter? Joanna Tochman Campbell1, Lorraine Eden1 and Stewart R Miller2 1 Department of Management, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA; 2Department of Management, College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA Correspondence: JT Campbell, Department of Management, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University, 420 Wehner Building, 4221 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4221, USA. Tel: þ 1 979 845 4851; Fax: þ 1 979 845 9641 Abstract Prior studies have found that foreign affiliates of multinational enterprises (MNEs) suffer from liability of foreignness (LOF). Foreign affiliates may be able to improve their social legitimacy and overcome LOF by demonstrating social commitment to host-country constituents through corporate social responsibility (CSR). If LOF is positively related to the distance between the home and host countries, and CSR activities confer social legitimacy benefits on foreign affiliates, we should expect CSR activities and distance to be positively related. However, we argue that, despite this potential motivation, foreign affiliates from more distant home countries are in fact less likely to engage in host-country CSR. Our argument focuses on the ways in which distance affects the MNE’s...
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...THAI RESTAURANT 1 CASE STUDY REPORT Restaurant Management in The U.S. : In Case of Thai Restaurants in 2005 Parinya Maglin EDWARD S. AGENO SCHOOL OF BUSINESS GOLDEN GATE UNIVERSITY Date: September 17, 2005 THAI RESTAURANT 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this case study was to motivate the owners or managers of Thai restaurants to increase their definitions of Thai restaurant management and get the edge to make their restaurants a going concern and to provide some insight into many issues and some value for the management of Thai restaurants. The primary goal of the study was to increase awareness of the areas in which the owners or managers of Thai restaurants in the U.S. could be further improved. This case study utilized the qualitative research methodology. All of interviewees are owners or managers of Thai restaurant in the U.S., a total of 10 participated in the study consisting of 9 owners and 1 manager. Data for the study was collected from various evidences gathered by systematic interview, direct observation, and participant observation. Information from the data collected confirmed the need for owners or managers of Thai restaurants to increase their definitions of Thai restaurant management, get the edge to make their restaurants a going concern, and increase awareness of the further improvement. There are such an analysis and conclusion provided with some useful recommendations for the owners or managers of Thai restaurants in the...
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...Towards a conceptual framework for strategic cost management - The concept, objectives, and instruments - Von der Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Chemnitz genehmigte Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum politicarum (Dr. rer. pol.) vorgelegt von Ibrahim Abd El Mageed Ali El Kelety geboren am 11.01.1965 in El Menoufia - Ägypten eingereicht am: 14. Juni 2006 Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Uwe Götze Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Jürgen Bloech Prof. Dr. Peter Schuster Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 18. Juli 2006 Acknowledgement To the Almighty God “ALLAH” Who have granted me all these graces to fulfill this work and Who supported me in all my life. To Him I extend my heartfelt thanks. It is a pleasure to express my sincere and deepest heartfelt gratitude to my “Doktorvater“ Prof. Dr. Uwe Götze for his kind supervision, continuous encouragement, valuable enthusiastic discussion and unfailing advice throughout the present work, as well as financial support during my latest period of study in Germany. He assisted in all matters, provided solutions to different problems. Prof. Dr. Uwe Götze supported and helped me during my learning period in Germany and writing this thesis. I am very lucky being one of his students. I would like to express my deep thanks to Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Jürgen Bloech - Georg-August University of Göttingen - for his kind acceptance to act as an examiner. I would also like to express my sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. Peter...
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...THE PUBLIC'S PERCEPTION OF MENTALLY ILL OFFENDERS Name Institution Subject Date Attestation I appreciate the nature of plagiarism, and I am mindful of the University’s course of action on this. I, therefore, attest that this dissertation reports unique work by me throughout my University project. Signature (you must delete this, then sign and date this page) Date Acknowledgements I would like to pass my sincerest gratitude to my parents who shaped me to the person I am today. Moreover, I would like to acknowledge my supervisor and other academic staff that provided unconditional guidance and support. I would, furthermore, like to recognize my fellow students and colleagues who helped me in the facilitation of this project in various ways. In addition, I would also like to acknowledge the general public for allowing me to conduct my interviews. Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge my friends for providing their time, cooperation and tolerance before and after the study. Abstract The mentally ill offenders have arguably been viewed on an exclusionary spectrum continuum. The public has adopted punitive attitudes that have significantly hampered with restorative measures. The aim of this study is to examine the perception of the public regarding the mentally ill offenders. The sample investigated comprised of 3 most dominant ethnic groups. Out of 200 respondents there was an average of 30 participants for...
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