...P&G's Logistics Revolution: Co-creating Value Confronting the challenges of rising supplier costs, growing retailer prowess, intensifying competition, fickle consumer tastes and preferences in the consumer packaged goods industry, P&G gained a distinctive competitive edge through a strengthened focus on supply network efficiencies. By making consumer the center of all its core operations, P&G initiated Customer Driven Supply Network (CDSN) that starts from customer choice at the store shelf and works backwards towards product manufacture; a paradigm shift from forecast-based supply chain to the one based on realtime demand. P&G's relationship with Wal-Mart exemplifies the success of CDSN but given the complexities of P&G's size and scale, analysts remain skeptical about the success of P&G–Wal-Mart's pilot study with other retailers.Analysts are also dubious of the scope for success in exporting the model to developing markets wherein the industry dynamics are extremely contradictory. Consumer Packaged Goods Industry – The Changing Dynamics | | During the early 20th century, consumer packaged goods evolved to be a highly competitive industry with a large number of players vying for a greater market share . Manufacturers, with their market prowess, focused extensively on reinforcing their strong brands and improving productivity. They established their dominance either by restructuring their brand portfolios throughmergers and acquisitions or focusing...
Words: 3351 - Pages: 14
...| Leadership Development at Goldman Sachs | | Problem Statement How to develop an effective senior leadership development plan at Goldman Sachs to cultivate a culture that complements the existing team culture? | Process | EA Factor (Political, Economic, legal etc.) | Implications on the problem | PoliticalEuropean acquisition of US firms | * This put pressure on the American firms. * Created the “War For Talent” | Economic * Surge in the financial sector. * Many companies were going public. * There was an increase in the acquisitions in the financial services industry. * Lucrative overseas market. * IPO markets were growing, generating continuous revenues. | * Change in the financial sector, changed the way organisations functioned. * Opportunities and resources became global in scope. * Expansion forced institutions to expand their workforce. * The increased workforce called for more capable leaders throughout the organisation. * New industries and upcoming companies presented attractive opportunities for key employees from traditional companies like Goldman Sachs. This placed stress on the employee retention ability of these older companies. * Companies like Goldman Sachs hence had to look deeper into the adequacy of their training and development programmes. | SocialNot Relevant | | Technological * Dot Com Boom * Emergence of new media, telecommunication & technology industry. | Development of technology enabled the...
Words: 1138 - Pages: 5
...CHAPTER 1: THE AGE OF SELLING, SELLING AND SALESPEOPLE SELLING IS PERVASIVE The pervasiveness of selling in practically all human endeavors, occupations, preoccupations, and professions that require contact and engagement with people is by itself a compelling reason to formally study the art and science of selling. It is an art because it requires skills that have to be constantly practiced to achieve, at least, a decent level of excellence or perfection; on the other hand, it is also a science because it is an organized common sense and borrows a lot from applied sciences like psychology and sociology. SALESPEOPLE, UNDER THE LENS Salespeople engage in a wide range of activities for the firm. They provide information about the firm’s products and services to target market or customers; they remind and persuade customers to buy them. They are the revenue-earners of the firm. The types of job salespeople do depend on the firm’s mission/vision, goals and objectives, and the role the firm plays in the channel of distribution. Basically, the nature of the job is affected by the type of accounts salespeople handle, such as manufacturers, distributors, wholesalers, retailers, or individual customers. Fred Wiersema, the author of Customer Intimacy, has put it quite candidly that firms are in business because of their customers. Without satisfied and loyal customers, businesses will not grow and prosper. Not even the brilliance of their finance people, neither the charisma...
Words: 1796 - Pages: 8
...between the early Jewish community and Muslims will be examined, followed by a commentary on the Prophet Muhammad’s accomplishments in the state of Medina. In result, this will prove the democratic influence this constitution had not only on Islamic history but the Middle East as a whole. In order to grasp a clear understanding of the topic, it is most appropriate to begin by inquiring on the socio-political environment Pre-Islamic Medina which is important to understand as it had a historical influence on the constitution. Specifically speaking, the civil wars that arose between Jewish clans resulted in stratification in the society of Medina in terms of both political and social affairs. As Micheal Lecker further highlights in Muslims, Jews and Pagans: “we find a special type of fortification [in certain Jewish tribes]: a purely military construction or fortress, which could shelter the whole tribe in time of war. [...]” He continues saying, “In...
Words: 1862 - Pages: 8
...The Global Consumer Since the Second World War the technological advancements in transportation and communication have brought about a revolution in people’s daily lives. While the origins of globalisation are often disputed, there is no denying that through the years our day to day activities increasingly link us to other people and activities throughout the rest of the world (Surman, 2009). There has been much debate on the effects of globalisation and what businesses and consumers facing them should do. This essay will outline and discuss elements of the paradigm shift of the last thirty years starting with the call for global standardisation and lowest cost orientation for the benefit of the consumer, as expressed by Levitt (1983) in his legendary article “The Globalisation of Markets”. We will then jump forward to the twenty-first century with global brands and glocalisation supported with the following articles: Holt et al (2004) “How Global Brands Compete”, Askegaard and Kjeldgaard’s (2006) “The Glocalisation of Youth Culture” and Surman’s (2009) “The Global Consumer”. Discourse around what companies operating on the global level should and shouldn’t do always ends up being centered on the consumer. What the consumer wants/needs, what they will buy and why they buy it, what implications does buying the product have for them. Levitt (1983) states that consumers are driven by the lowest price, though accounting for the importance of quality. Products are bought in the...
Words: 1436 - Pages: 6
...MANAGING CRIME AND QUALITY OF LIFE USING COMPSTAT: SPECIFIC ISSUES IN IMPLEMENTATION AND PRACTICE By Dr. Vincent E. Henry* I. INTRODUCTION The highly effective management model or paradigm that has come to be known as Compstat was first developed within the New York Police Department in 1994 as a process for managing crime and quality of life in New York City. Compstat was developed in response to a very specific set of immediate needs confronting the NYPD at that time: the compelling need to bring spiralling rates of crime and disorder to within manageable bounds and to refocus the NYPD on its primary mission of effectively ensuring public safety by reducing crime and violence. Since its introduction in early 1994, Compstat has proven to be highly effective in achieving the goals for which it was initially intended. Over time it has also evolved and grown from a basic and fairly rudimentary process involving the collection and analysis of crime data as well as a mechanism for ensuring accountability and information-sharing into a more complex, more nuanced, and eminently more effective management paradigm. As Compstat grew and changed over time, so too did the issues and problems challenging the NYPD. As crime and public disorder offences declined to within more manageable limits, the agency had the luxury of turning its attention to a range of other management problems and issues. While reducing crime and disorder and increasing public safety have never lost their prominence...
Words: 11197 - Pages: 45
...to affect managerial decisions of the operation. The goal of our coverage of FDI is to understand the pattern of FDI that occurs between countries, and why firms undertake FDI and become multinational in their operations as well as why firms undertake FDI rather than simply exporting products or licensing their know-how. The opening case describes the international growth of Starbucks. The closing case explores Cemex’s foreign investments. OUTLINE OF CHAPTER 7: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT Opening Case: Starbucks’ Foreign Direct Investment Introduction Foreign Direct Investment in the World Economy Trends in FDI The Direction of FDI The Form of FDI: Acquisitions versus Greenfield Investments The Shift to Services Country Focus: Foreign Direct Investment in China Theories of Foreign Direct Investment Why Foreign Direct Investment? The Pattern of Foreign...
Words: 5167 - Pages: 21
...Chapter 1 Summary * A strategy is a set of related actions that managers take to increase their company’s performance goals. * The major goal of companies is to maximize the returns that shareholders receive from holding share in the company. To maximize shareholder value, managers must pursue strategies that result in high and sustained profitability and also in profit growth. * The profitability of a company can be measured by the return that it makes on the capital invested in the enterprise. The profit growth of a company can be measured by the growth in earnings per share. Profitability and profit growth are determined by the strategies mangers adopt. * A company has a competitive advantage over its rivals when it is more profitable than the average for all firms in its industry. It has a sustained competitive advantage when it is able to maintain above-average profitability over a number of years. In general, a company with a competitive advantage will grow its profits more rapidly than its rivals. * General managers are responsible for the overall performance of the organization, or for one of its major self-contained divisions. Their overriding strategic concern is for the health of the total organization under their direction. * Functional managers are responsible for a particular business function or operation. Although they lack general management responsibilities, they play a very important strategic role. * Formal strategic planning models stress...
Words: 3601 - Pages: 15
...HOW PEACEFUL IS CHINA’S PEACEFUL RISE? 16 July 2014 at 17:01 HOW PEACEFUL IS CHINA’S PEACEFUL RISE? The People’s Republic of China has been taking great pains to point out to its neighbours specifically, and the world in general, that they have nothing to fear of its increasing power. This approach is epitomised by China’s emphasis on the term ‘peaceful rise’ to describe its expanding influence since 2004. Not only is ‘peaceful rise’ used to allay concerns that China will use its power to further its goals at the expense of other nations, it is also used to directly contrast the PRC with the United States who have been embroiled in the same period in the controversial War on Terror. Given the prominence of the claim of the claim it is clearly in the interests of understanding international and regional developments that we pose the question “How peaceful is China’s peaceful rise?” As this essay will show, in light of the PRC’s domestic aims and because of China’s historical and cultural experiences, any attempt to answer question is contradictory, and depends on the region. The question of China’s contradictory peaceful rise is explained most completely by the theory of neoclassical realism. Neoclassical realism argues that it is the aim of states to gain power to pursue what they deem is in their national interests. It breaks down the state’s efforts in that respect into two spheres, the internal and the external. The external sphere is similar to other theories of...
Words: 3553 - Pages: 15
...Management and Reinventing Government |HOME[pic]PAGE |[pic] |back to An introduction to QM |go on to: Committee:TQM Information |[pic] | |[pic] TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND REINVENTING GOVERNMENT I. What is TQM? TQM is a new paradigm of management! TQM is both a philosophy and methodology for managing organizations. TQM includes a set of principles, tools, and procedures that provide guidance in the practical affairs of running an organization. TQM involves all members of the organization in controlling and continuously improving how work is done. Government agencies that use TQM agree that it is fundamentally different from traditional management. II. History of TQM! TQM Japanese Management? Yes and No! The American Walter A. Shewhart of Bell Laboratories developed a system of measuring variance in production systems known as statistical process control (SPC). Statistical process control is one of the major tools that TQM uses to monitor consistency, as well as to diagnose problems in work processes. His student W. Edwards Deming, a mathematical physicist and U.S Department of Agriculture and Census Bureau research scientist, was hired to teach SPC and quality control to the U.S. Defense industry. These methods were considered so important to the war effort that they were classified as military secrets known as Z1. Ironically, after WWII most U.S. companies stopped using SPC and TQM type quality control procedures. After WWII U.S. occupation forces in conjunction with the...
Words: 4177 - Pages: 17
...MEDIA EDUCATION FOUNDATION STUDY GUIDE NO LOGO BRANDS, GLOBALIZATION, RESISTANCE WRITTEN BY JEREMY EARP & DANIELLE DEVEREAUX Challenging media CONTENTS NO LOGO BRANDS, GLOBALIZATION, RESISTANCE NOTE TO TEACHERS.............................................................................................................................................................................pg. 03 THE MEDIA LITERACY CIRCLE OF EMPOWERMENT....................................................................................................................04 OVERVIEW.........................................................................................................................................................................................................05 PRE-VIEWING EXERCISES..........................................................................................................................................................................06 INTRODUCTION Key Points..........................................................................................................................................................................................................07 Questions for Discussion & Writing.....................................................................................................................................................07 NO SPACE: BRANDED WORLD Key Points......................................................................................
Words: 8621 - Pages: 35
...Steve Jobs has been labeled a visionary by many, and rightfully so. Though he may not be the tech celebrity that he once was, nor is his name any longer so strongly associated with the basic, commonplace components of software and hardware design that he helped to pioneer and that computer users the world over take for granted, the charismatic, passionately counterculture chief executive officer of Apple Computer was once the most important individual in Silicon Valley and even today dictates the trends and, some would say, overall health of the industry, continuing to drive innovation. Steven Paul Jobs was born an orphan on February 24, 1955 in Los Altos, California. Steve Jobs was adopted from infancy by a Northern California machinist named Paul Jobs and an accountant Clara Jobs, both now deceased. Being mostly a typical boy Steve did well in school with no disciplinary problems to speak of. He was a person that was not easy to get to know, he guarded himself carefully, which is something he still does today. His girlfriend from Homestead High School in Cupertino California remembered him saying, ?Someday I will be a millionaire? in a completely serious manner. Steve would talk about the future a lot and was usually involved in some form of a crusade over one thing or another. Steve?s obsessive personality meshed quite well with his best friend Steve Wozniak whom he called ?Woz.? Steve Wozniak was a brilliant engineer and is responsible for some amazingly complex circuitry...
Words: 2726 - Pages: 11
...CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND Just twenty years ago, the dismantling of Cold War division in Europe began with parliamentary changes in Poland (Bochniarz and Cohen 2006). These changes initiated a domino effect in transformation of other Central and Eastern European countries (CEE); the transformation of Romania, East Germany, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria was soon followed by sweeping changes in Russia and Central Asia, affecting more than 400 million people (Chandler 2000). Needless to say, however, the transformation of Central and Eastern Europe near the climax of the 80s took the European Community (EC) by surprise. In the pre1989 era, the EC exercised only a limited relationship with CEE countries and showed no serious interest for a European project of political and economic integration that would include any of the CEE states. According to Gower (1999), this inability to foresee the potential of the CEE region strongly reflects the ineffectiveness in the EC policies. Shortly after transition to democracy, ten CEE states (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) declared their utmost desire to join the “family of Europe” (Andonova 2004). As the idea of EU membership for these newly independent democracies in Central and Eastern Europe started to gain some serious ground in the early 90s, the debate over enlargement and its economic, social and The first chapter is like a long foreword...
Words: 14067 - Pages: 57
...Research on technology and teacher education: current status and future directions. Author: Willis, Jerry.; Thompson, Ann. Sadera, William. Source: Educational Technology Research and Development v. 47 no4 (1999) p. 29-45 ISSN: 1042-1629 Number: BEDI00000113 Copyright: The magazine publisher is the copyright holder of this article and it is reproduced with permission. Further reproduction of this article in violation of the copyright is prohibited. [pic] Much of the field we call educational technology has links that go back for almost a hundred years, at least to the museum movement in the early part of the 20th century. The museum movement and the success of training and development work during the two world wars were major factors in the development of the field. Educational technology flourished in the 1950s and continues to play an important role in many colleges of education. The particular subdiscipline of educational technology we will explore in this paper does not have a long history. Information technology and teacher education (ITTE) is now a scholarly and professional discipline, but it has only recently become so. During the 1970s and early 1980s, while most educational technology programs continued to emphasize more traditional concepts and skills such as the systematic design and development of instructional materials, a separate group of graduate programs emerged that provided some of the foundations for ITTE. These programs, usually at the master's level...
Words: 11104 - Pages: 45
...DELIVERING RESULTS: EVOLVING BPR FROM ART TO ENGINEERING Richard J. Mayer, Ph.D., Associate Professor Department of Industrial Engineering Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Paula S. deWitte, Ph.D., Executive Vice President Knowledge Based Systems, Inc. College Station, Texas Abstract This chapter presents an approach to BPR that is focused on achieving results from the first stages to implementation. The engineering approach presented utilizes an integrated set of methods applied incrementally. This allows BPR practitioners to more realistically approach a project; assess its impact, duration, and required budget; and mitigate the risks of failure. We present the approach as a phased BPR methodology along with methods, proven strategies, and tools To be published in a forthcoming book on Business Process Reengineering by Kluwer. 1 2 Evolving BPR from Art to Engineering we have worked with successfully at each phase. We present motivations for initiating a BPR effort that have been shown to result in successful cases for action. We present rationale for justifying change and a method for building a business case that includes the use of cost benefit analysis in formulating the justification rationale. An approach to planning for a BPR effort is presented that uses the same methods normally applied in the BPR process itself. We cover the issues associated with setting up a BPR project including: forming cross-functional teams, and selecting method and tool...
Words: 17958 - Pages: 72
