...chromosome structure affecting all the cells in the body. A child with chromosome anomaly will end up having significant learning difficulty or may also have problems with one or more body organs. Birth Trauma: Birth trauma can happen before, during and after delivery of the baby. Brain injuries can be causes by a lack of oxygen or blood flow to the developing brain or the baby, infections or the baby might suffer physical damage during an assisted birth. Sometimes complications can be caused by a birth defect and its nobody’s fault. Age Related Diseases: When people start to get older they end up changing the way that they act and this is related to diseases that can cause old people to change the way that they act. These are disease are stroke, dementia, hearing, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. This can cause an older person to become cranky and can end up getting hurt a lot easier than a younger person. Head, Neck or Spinal Injuries: If a child or adult has had a head, neck or spinal injury, then this could possibly lead to them becoming physically unable to do normal things. This means that this person could become paralysed. If you have a severe head or neck injury it can cause brain damage. Paralysis can occur if the part of the brain that controls...
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... and other nonmedical sources. Many of these concerned parents are choosing to refuse or delay childhood vaccines, placing their children and surrounding communities at risk for serious diseases that are nearly 100% preventable with vaccination. Between 10% and 15% of parents are asking physicians to space out the timing of vaccines, which often poses an ethical dilemma for physicians. This trend reflects a tension between personal liberty and public health, as parents fight to control...
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...There are various diseases that are thought to have ancient Egyptian origin. These diseases include: the plague, influenza, small pox, and poliomyelitis. Some Egyptian hieroglyphics from about 2000 BCE show people with withered legs and arms. Poliomyelitis, also known as polio, is a contagious viral disease that can even cause paralysis, difficulty breathing and sometimes death its most severe form. This disease can affect anyone at any age but it primarily affects children under 5 years old. In this essay, I will talk about the transmission, types of polio and symptoms, treatments, and prevention of the disease. First, polio is transmitted from person to person. It is mainly transmitted through a fecal- oral route. “Poliovirus virions are very stable, especially in in acidic pH, and can remain infectious for relatively long periods in food and water, its main routes of transmission. The incubation period ranges from 6 to 20 days” (1). Once the virus is ingested it multiplies in the mucosa of the throat or small intestine. From here, the virus goes into the tonsils and lymph nodes of the lymph nodes in the neck and the terminal potion of the small intestine. Sometimes the virus enters the blood stream and causes viremia. In more than 99% of those cases, the viremia lasts only for a short time and does not result in clinical disease. In the other less that 1% cases, the viremia persists and goes into the central nervous system and this...
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...Bacterial Meningitis Meningitis is a bacterial infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges). Meningitis can be acute, with a quick onset of symptoms, it can be chronic, and lasting a month or more, or it can be mild or aseptic. Acute bacterial meningitis is the most common form of meningitis.Meningitis is a disease that can be passed from person to person (contagious). It is caused most often by viruses or bacteria that infect the tissues, meninges and sometimes the fluid (cerebral spinal fluid, or CSF) that surround the brain and spinal cord. Organisms that cause meningitis can be passed from one person to another or passed from rodents and insects to people. But exposure to an organism that causes meningitis does not mean you will get the infection. During birth, a mother can pass organisms that cause meningitis to her baby even if the mother does not have symptoms. Delivering a baby by cesarean section rather than through the birth canal does not always protect the baby from getting the infection. Both bacteria and viruses can be transmitted this way. Through stool, stool could have enteroviruses or certain types of bacteria in it. Washing hands on a regular basis can help prevent you and your children from getting infected this way. More children than adults get meningitis this way. Through coughing and sneezing. Infected people can pass certain bacteria that are normally found in saliva or mucus in their noses and throats. Through kissing...
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... The infection in the nerve cells can lead to some people receiving Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Guillain-Barre Syndrome causes pain in muscles, which creates weakness in tendons and tingling in the legs or feet. The syndrome can further cause temporary paralysis. This syndrome can equally affect the brain. It damages unripe brain cells. On the other hand, pregnant women with the Zika virus can pass the pathogen down to their fetus. Newborn babies may face, eye problems, hearing loss, and unusual head growth, microcephaly. This is a condition when a baby's head is smaller than usual causing abnormal brain development. Infants can experience pain in joints, whereas, in older little ones, they are challenged with sitting up properly oneself, feeling, and sleeping with the Zika virus. Some can even experience seizures, vision and hearing problems. When exposed to the disease, the symptoms and signs don't appear until between 2-7 days. In the first beginning stages, most people...
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...car seats, baby gates and other ways to keep them safe. But, did you know that one of the best ways to protect your children is to make sure they have all of their vaccinations? Immunizations can save your child’s life. Because of advances in medical science, your child can be protected against more diseases than ever before. Some diseases that once injured or killed thousands of children, have been eliminated completely and others are close to extinction– primarily due to safe and effective vaccines. One example of the great impact that vaccines can have is the elimination of polio in the United States. Polio was once America’s most-feared disease, causing death and paralysis across the country, but today, thanks to vaccination, there are no reports of polio in the United States. Vaccination is very safe and effective. Vaccines are only given to children after a long and careful review by scientists, doctors, and healthcare professionals. Vaccines will involve some discomfort and may cause pain, redness, or tenderness at the site of injection but this is minimal compared to the pain, discomfort, and trauma of the diseases these vaccines prevent. Serious side effects following vaccination, such as severe allergic reaction, are very rare. The disease-prevention benefits of getting vaccines are much greater than the possible side effects for almost all children. Immunization protects others you care about. Children in the U.S. still get vaccine-preventable diseases. In fact,...
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...eventually result in grave outcomes including; low birth weight babies, preterm delivery; premature rupture of membranes, placental abnormalities, and increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. It is pertinent to mention that smoking causes vascular diseases that in turns affect flow of blood through the placenta. Smokers, in fact, look older than they actually are because the blood vessels are partially obstructed and calcified. The complications resulting from placental abruption are more common in smokers. As mentioned above, smoking cigarette includes carbon monoxide. Since carbon monoxide is the replacement for oxygen in the blood during smoking, there are some fetuses that could attempt to compensate for this particular deprivation by creating extra red blood cells for the purpose of carrying extra oxygen. In some extraordinary cases, the blood gets thicker from the proliferation of such cells and ultimately cuts off the supply of blood to critical organs with fatal results. Smoking causes a person's heart to run in overdrive and ultimately there is a shortage of oxygen in heart. Heart then has to work more for maintaining supply to the entire human body. The blood vessels are narrowed causing high blood pressure. Moreover, smoking impacts the cardiovascular system of human beings which also becomes a cause of high blood pressure or hypertension. The effect of high blood pressure is heart related diseases....
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...Zika is spread mostly by infected Aedes species mosquito, these mosquitoes come out during anytime of the day, it can also be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus, Zika symptoms include fevers, rashes, joint pain, muscle pain, headaches, and red eyes. Zika can cause gullain-Barre syndrome which is a sickmenss in the nervous system in which a person's own immune system harms the nerve cells which causes your body be very weak, and can also cause paralysis. For many years the mosquito-transmitted Zika virus was mainly seen in Africa and Asia, that caused flu illness and rashes on many people. Zika virus can be spread by yellow fever mosquitoes, and Asian tiger mosquitoes. There is currently no vaccine or medicine for Zika, and it...
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...Tay-Sach’s Disease is an autosomal recessive disorder that is fatal within the first two or three years of life. Although this disease can affect anyone at any age, it is most common in children. This disease is unable to produce an enzyme called hexosaminidase-A (Hex-A) that is necessary for fat metabolism in the nerve cells. The more this happens, the more progressive damage occurs to the cell. When the lipids or fats build up in the brain’s nerve cells, it leads to a slow degeneration of the cells of the nervous system, thus bringing decay of the cerebellum. Tay-Sach’s disease was named after Warren Tay and Bernard Sachs, these were two doctors who worked independently. In 1881, Dr. Tay, an ophthalmologist, described a patient with a cherry...
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...comprehensively help make sense of all that will be taught by the team members. The social worker will help with support groups, local referrals, insurance, grants, and financial support. An Obstetrician will help with pregnancy information, manage pregnancy, and deliver the baby. A genetic counselor will help with complete and specific information on the genetic disorder. A Pediatrician can prepare the parents for the care of the baby and what to expect and do from the birth to the death of the baby. Both parents were raised in the Catholic religion and a Priest would help with the comfort of religious beliefs and faith. A Psychologist can counsel the parents, helping them through the emotional turmoil and grief of this pregnancy, birth, and death of child. Teaching Plan With a teaching plan it is important to communicate with words that the parents can understand and avoiding an over load of medical details (Ambat, n.d., p. 14). It also must be comprehensive and paced to their comfort level (Ambat, n.d., p. 14). Encouraging parents and partners to ask questions helps with learning. Overloading parents with information will just shut them down and communication will stop. Babies receive genes from both parents and all babies from the same parents...
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...paper is an overview of the articles about stem cell and human cloning researches that discuss business research ethics and involves ethical and unethical issues. A stem cell is a type of cell found into the body of all human beings, has the capability to reproduce them, and to produce other types of cells such as brain cells, muscle cells, and others. In the New York Times’ article is very clear that the ongoing battle to make this research valid is relentless. This research can be the potential that holds for the future generation and scientists affirms; “stem cells may be used to replace or repair damaged cells, and have the potential to drastically change the treatment of conditions like cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease and even paralysis.” (Harris, 2012) However, opponents of embryonic stem cell want the research to be restricted or prohibited entire as inhumane because most researches are done by creating embryonic stem cell from fertilized cells. When the approach is human cloning there is no difference, opponents to the research claim that it is immoral and unethical. In human cloning, women's eggs were procured, genetic material removed and the DNA from someone else is inserted. The resulting cloned embryos manufactured as genetic replication is the ending result of innumerous experiments with failure. These embryos quickly died. The research on human cloning brings two issues and discussion: the reproductive cloning which is described by creating cloned...
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...Saving Babies? The Consequences of Newborn Genetic Testing, by Stefan Timmermans and Mara Buchbinder, they had stated that many states had started to do genetic screening within those 30 years, but not all states had decided to do all conditions for genetic screening. Critics argue that not many states agree that checking all conditions is necessary. Professionals have agreed that, just to be safe, when having genetic testing done, all conditions should be checked. Genetic testing is an effective way to check diseases on unborn babies. When having...
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...Pertussis (whooping cough) 1. Characteristics of the disease Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, a gram-negative bacillus. The disease usually starts with cold-like symptoms and maybe a mild cough or fever. The disease usually starts with cold-like symptoms and maybe a mild cough or fever. In babies, the cough can be minimal or even not present. The most dangerous symptom in babies is the potential development of apnea. About half of babies younger than 1 year who get the disease require hospital care. Early symptoms include a runny nose, low-grade fever, and a mild cough. Pertussis in its early stages appears to be nothing more than the common cold. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms appear including fits of many and rapid coughs, vomiting and exhaustion after coughing fits. These violent coughing fits cause the air to go from the lungs, resulting in a forced inhale with a loud "whooping" sound. Coughing fits generally become more common and bad as the illness continues, and can occur more often at night. Pertussis is an airborne disease that spreads easily from coughs and sneezes of carriers. The first known description...
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...the doctor's suspicion, the police and officials from the Northumberland County Children and Youth Services descended on the Glicks' farm during the evening milking, and took away the couple's seven other children, all boys, ranging in age from 5 to 15. The boys were separated and placed in non-Amish foster homes. Sara died the next day, and when the county coroner found blood in her brain, he declared her death a homicide. At Sara's funeral, on Christmas Eve, Elizabeth and Samuel were not permitted to speak privately with their sons. By that time Samuel had already contacted the Clinic for Special Children in Lancaster County, and pleaded with its director, pediatrician D. Holmes Morton--the world's leading authority on genetic-based diseases of the Amish and Mennonite peoples--to find the cause of his daughter's death. THE AMISH are Anabaptists, Protestants whose forefathers were invited by William Penn himself to settle in Pennsylvania. Today there are almost 200,000 Amish in the United States, of whom 25,000 live in Lancaster County, in southeastern Pennsylvania between Philadelphia and Harrisburg. Some of their customs and religious values have changed little over the past century. Most people know that the Amish wear conservative...
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...Disease can cause a devastating effect on both the human body but also the human population. Throughout several time periods of the present and past, disease have caused a humongous impact of several society's in different countries around the world. Several large pandemics and epidemics have killed off the population of many species including humans and primates. Wether the time period be in the present or as far back as the Middle Ages. Three known diseases have all created a huge conflict on different civilizations, causing different, unanswered question to arise. Much research has gone into each individual disease, to solve the problem of each's symptoms and possible, treatments or prevention so.Ebola, Zika, and the Black Death have threatening...
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