...Case Studies on Cardiac Function This is the first case study that is required for the class. Please submit a paper (doesn’t have to be long; you could even give me bullet-point answers to the questions listed below) that answers all of the questions posed after Case Study 1. I have included an easy second case study which, if you complete it, will be worth extra credit. Answers to the first Case Study are worth 25 points and responding to Case Study 1 is required work for the course. The extra credit, which is not required, will be worth a total of 10 points. Case 1 A.O. is an 89-year-old woman with a long history of systolic heart failure secondary to a large left ventricular infarct when she was in her 70s. She had poor activity tolerance and required assistance with activities of daily living. Even minimal activity was associated with moderately severe dyspnea and exertional chest pain, which was relieved by rest. A.O. also exhibited marked pedal edema bilaterally. She is being treated with digitalis, furosemide (Lasix), KCl, and sublingual nitroglycerin. Discussion Questions 1. Which type of heart failure (left or right sided) is usually associated with dyspnea? Left-sided heart failure is usually associated with dyspnea. What other clinical findings are likely to be present with left-sided heart failure? Other clinical findings that are likely to be present with left-sided heart failure include radiographic cardiomegaly, abnormal apical pulse and...
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...president of the United States of America from 2000-2004 and was running for reelection. Because of Bush’s experience holding the presidential office, he had a greater situated ethos than John Kerry, his opponent, who had only served as the governor of Massachusetts at that time. However, through Barack Obama’s speech The Audacity of Hope at the 2004 Democratic National Keynote Address, the gap between the pre-existing ethos of the two candidates is bridged and the audience is swayed in Kerry’s direction. Obama uses personal anecdotes to build excessive pathos which reduces the amount of logos necessary to convince the audience to vote for Kerry because the...
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...Classical Communication Models 1. Aristotle’s definition of rhetoric. a. “Rhetoric” is “the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion” Rhetoric is the counterpart of Dialectic. Both alike are concerned with such things as come, more or less, within the general ken of all men and belong to no definite science. Aristotle, On Rhetoric Aristotle was the first to take an initiative and design the communication model.Let us first go through a simple situation.In a political meeting, the prospective leader delivers speech to the audience urging for more votes from the constituency. He tries to convince the crowd in the best possible way he can so that he emerges as a winner. What is he actually doing ?He is delivering his speech in a manner that the listeners would get convinced and cast their votes only in his favour, or in other words respond in the same manner the speaker wanted to. Here the leader or the speaker or the sender is the centre of attraction and the crowd simply the passive listeners. | The example actually explains the Aristotle model of communication. The Aristotle model of communication is the widely accepted and the most common model of communication where the sender sends the information or a message to the receivers to influence them and make them respond and act accordingly. Aristotle model of communication is the golden rule to excel in public speaking, seminars, lectures where the sender makes his point clear...
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...the James Bulger Case is presented in texts 1, 2 and 3. The first text, ”Every parents nightmare”, is a news article written by Mark McKay for BBC in October 2000. The article, in a chronologically and neutrally fashion, objectively describes the James Bulger Case from beginning to end. The text is dense in terms of factual information, as one would expect from a news article. The second text, “Life after James”, is an article written by Blake Morrison for The Guardian Online in Februrary 2003. The article approaches the presentation of the James Bulger Case in a different way. By peaking behind thick curtains of opinions held by the public, the text man-ages to provoke thoughts and stimulate ideas. Blake Morris succesfully shifts the paradigm of the James Bulger Case by taking a step backwards, which leads the audience to the introduc-tion of the bigger picture, where he explains and examines his view; the James Bulger Case is a problem, but it is not the problem. The issue lies in the society itself. The third and last text, “James Bulger killing; 20 years on”, is an article written by Amelia Hill for The Guardian Online in Februrary 2013. Arguably, the article is an addendum to the previ-ous text, “Life after James”. Amelia Hill takes the reader back twenty years, where she daringly questions the method of which the public, the media and the politicians used to deal with the case. Analyse how Blake Morrison presents the James Bulger case in text 2. Here you must use...
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...THE THREE ADVERTISEMENT RHETORIC 2 The Three Advertisement Rhetoric The three-advertising rhetoric are ethos, pathos, and logos. According to the video, the art of rhetoric is known as persuasive technique in advertising. The goal remains the same no matter where found – bill boards, radio or print media, to convince my audience of my point of view. The aim is to make emotional appeals to trust them, build credibility, and use logic and reasoning to appeal to people. It is important to note that advertisers do not often use all three, but most times, combine two. The Greek philosopher, Aristotle was the first to speak of the three methods below: Ethos is an appeal to ethics, which seeks to convince someone of the character or credibility of the persuader. We tend to believe those who we respect or hold in high esteem as someone worth listening to. In other words, their appearance or say so, establishes the credibility or character of the...
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...Ryan Chavez Patho 2 Case study 7 Case1 1. Due to D.K.’s signs and symptoms she probably has a urinary tract infection or urinary cystitis. 2. Since E. coli is the most common cause of urinary treat infections, antibiotics are an appropriate treatment for D.K. because she is symptomatic with frequency, urgency and burning upon urination. 3. The factors that predispose the development of a UTI are sexually active women,the us of a diaphragm, failure to void after intercourse, improper hygiene, female anatomy, low estrogen levels in postmenopausal women, catheters or a foreign object placed in the urinary tract for a long period time, pregnancy, and diabetes mellitus. 4. The strategies that D.K can take to avoid the recurrence of a UTI would be clean perineal hygiene, stay well hydrated, wear cotton crotched underwear, void after intercourse, avoid feminine hygiene deodorants, avoid harsh toilet paper, and avoid tight fitting pant. Case 2 1. Due to the loss of blood P.W is at risk for pre-renal acute renal failure and it may lead to poor renal perfusion. 2. The best type of treatment to prevent renal failure would be adequate fluid volume replacement with blood or any isotonic solution maintain proper blood volume circulation and to maintain adequate blood pressure and perfusion to the kidneys. 3. P.W. is in the stage of pre-renal oliguria. This means that the kidneys are functioning as the should if blood volume and pressure are low. The kidneys will conserve...
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...I have also examined two different case studies involving the application of Aristotle’s appeals to ethos (creditability), logos (logic), and pathos (emotion) in two different career fields. I evaluated these two studies as well as Aristotle’s Rhetoric as a whole in order to provide a better understanding of the theory. The reader is provided with a more artistic approach to Aristotle’s Rhetoric, in which the reader should be able to decide his/her own personal approaches towards persuasion, using Aristotle’s Rhetoric as the reader’s...
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...could turn them into unsafe and possibly abusive adults. It is our hope, through vigorously campaigning and the elements of persuasion we can alleviate the hardships that child abuse cause, on both the child and society. Understanding the importance of prevention and intervention, it is our mission to bring awareness as well as reform. Bullet 1- Savannah Thurman Discuss the nature and history of your issue: I. What is Child Abuse? A. Classic Signs 1. Physical State of Child 2. Emotional State of child II. History of child Abuse in the United States? 1. Reported child abuse cases from 1990-2000 vs 2000-2010 2. Intervention that caused the change in numbers Bullet 2 – Jessica Roberts Effects of Child Abuse on Society A. Children need to be able to respect and trust adults, whether it’s their parents or any other adults in society. 1. If a child is abused by an adult, they may feel as those they cannot trust adults as they are not safe. 2. This can also cause a child to lose respect for adults. 3. This can cause children to not get the help they need to be able to function in the world as they do not...
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...Ethos, Pathos, and Logos Whenever you read an argument you must ask yourself, "is this persuasive? And if so, to whom?" There are several ways to appeal to an audience. Among them are appealing to logos, ethos and pathos. These appeals are prevalent in almost all arguments. To Appeal to Logic (logos) | To Develop Ethos | To Appeal to Emotion (pathos) | Theoretical, abstract language Literal and historical analogies Definitions Factual data and statistics Quotations Citations from experts and authorities Informed opinions | Language appropriate to audience and subject Restrained, sincere, fair minded presentation Appropriate level of vocabulary Correct grammar | Vivid, concrete language Emotionally loaded language Connotative meanings Emotional examples Vivid descriptions Narratives of emotional events Emotional tone Figurative language | | Effect | | Evokes a cognitive, rationale response | Demonstrates author's reliability, competence, and respect for the audience's ideas and values through reliable and appropriate use of support and general accuracy | Evokes an emotional response | Definitions Logos: The Greek word logos is the basis for the English word logic. Logos is a broader idea than formal logic--the highly symbolic and mathematical logic that you might study in a philosophy course. Logos refers to any attempt to appeal to the intellect, the general meaning of "logical argument." Everyday arguments rely heavily...
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...NAME Chi Hsiao DATE 12-2-2014 English 1301: Final Exam Study Guide Fall 2014 (Suarez) 1. Narration - telling a story or several related stories. 2. Flashback- returns to an earlier time in the narrative 3. Dramatic License- adding or reshaping details in order to shape the narrative point 4. Flash-forward- gives the reader a glimpse of the future before the story continues in the present 5. Conflict- the source of tension in the event 6. Dialogue- allows the reader to experience characters directly 7. Narrator- person who tells the story 8. Causal analysis- shows how one event or phenomenon brings about anothe 9. Causes- why an event or phenomenon happens 10. Effects- what happens because of the event or phenomenon 11. Chronological - arranged in a time sequence 12. Emphatic- Most compelling saved for last 13. Comparison and Contrast- to point out similarities and/or dissimilarities 14. Subject-by-Subject - describing everything relevant about one subject before moving to another subject. 15. Point-by-Point- alternating from one aspect of a subject to the same aspect of another subject 16. Transitions - words and phrases that ease readers from one idea to another 17. Basis of Comparison- Common characteristic on which to base the essay. 18. Argumentation-...
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...A Rhetorical Analyst of a Vintage 1930 era Coca Cola Advertisement From the early 1800s, advertisements have been used to portray certain ideas or to sell particular goods and services. You can still see its concept at work every day whether on television, in magazines, billboards, internet, and even hear them while listening to the radio. The Coca Cola Company has been one of the most infamous companies to arrive in mainstream America. Founded in 1886, Coca Cola has invested approximately over 2 billion dollars each year into its advertisements. People from every generation and walks of life could remember Coca Cola’s, “Delicious and Refreshing” (Coca Cola, 1930) iconic statement, which could be found underneath its name and on its logos. At Christmas, everyone look forward to seeing all of the different advertisements on television or gaze upon important figures such as Santa Claus in numerous magazines and during the summertime, watching everyday people at the beach, having fun or eating at a barbeque with very the drink as their choice of beverage. In my research of a vintage 1930 era Coca Cola ad, I can see the use of a pleasant, out-going appeal encouraging the public to buy their soda beverage, in which were at the time are children, teenagers, and working class adults; portraying the message that nothing can satisfy thirst more than making, “a pause that refreshes” (Coca Cola, 1930) other than with a Coca Cola. Upon my analysis of the advertisement, I discovered that...
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...However in this case we see a doctor within this advertisement which increases the credibility of the Lipitor since it is a medication. Dr. Robert is standing under the heart which is where you get the most attention based on the colors and the large image. The sense of credibility kicks in as his name is portrayed right under his chest stating “Dr. Robert Jarvik” If that doesn’t catch the reader’s attention as a sense of credibility the last two words say “Lipitor User” In the head of the user, they would think if the Dr. takes this medication then it is worth the try. Since he is a doctor this leads many people to acknowledge him as a trustworthy person who wants the well-being of his customers and his...
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...typical example of baroque discourse and the latter as a specimen of mannerist discourse. The reference to the terms melodrama, mannerism and baroque does not imply that these films are just formal repetitions of historical periods or that they thematically and structurally refer to historical styles, but that they are characterized by opposing discursive strategies which came to the foreground in a specific historical time and constellation. Because these discursive strategies return in other historical periods and socialpolitical circumstances in different guises and with different aims, they can be compared to what Aby Warburg calls Pathosformeln (pathos formula). The expressive forms, gestures and discursive modes of melodrama, baroque and mannerism can thus be understood as transhistorical (gestural) languages of pathos that recur in history. Résumé Bien que All that heaven allows (1954) par Douglas Sirk et Far from heaven (2002) par Todd Haynes se caractérisent nettement comme un mélodrame, les deux films adressent leur public de manière fondamentalement différente. La divergence au niveau des réactions (émotionnelles) envers ces deux films, résultent d’une différence au niveau des stratégies rhétoriques auxquelles ils font appel : alors que le film de Sirk semble être un exemple type du discours baroque, l’autre serait plutôt un spécimen du discours maniériste. La référence aux termes de...
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...might head towards disadvantageous direction because, as stated in McEwen´s article, of river issues such as river temperatures, financial issues, and the diversion of water supported by ethos, logos, and pathos. An example of ethos, which refers to ethics and famous people or institutions, in the article appears in this quotation “According to the experts at UC Davis studying California’s rapidly declining salmon populations; the fish ‘are exceptionally vulnerable to climate change.’” (McEwen 1). The author includes the studies of a well known college like UC Davis stresses his point in why salmon would not survive with the new water. It explains how salmon can not live in warm or changing temperatures, and the San Joaquin Valley temperatures stay consistently in high degrees. If the fish can not live in the revitalized river, the money invested in the project would be wasted since the main goal aims to bring the salmon back. In addition to river temperatures, another ethos example that proves the project to be a bad idea clearly appears in this section, “Finally, you can’t escape the fact that Valley concerns are easily dismissed by leaders in Sacramento and Washington, D.C., says Tim Stearns, director of the Lyles Center of Innovation and Entrepreneurship at Fresno State” (2). Tim Stearns provides a convincing argument on how the leaders in Sacramento can easily neglect the needs and conditions of the people and the Valley. Since the major supporters of revitalizing the river...
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...– of dollars in coming years on a program that will yield a salmon exhibit instead of a sustainable fishery” (1). This quote displays pathos because the government is funding large amounts of money towards this risky project that could end up as a failure, yet they could finance projects with a higher chance of success. They are taking a chance with that money and the people would lose a fair deal of benefits that the money could have been used for if the plan fails. The government is trying to look like they are enivironmentally friendly and “good” people, but in reality they do not even know for sure this plan will succeed, but they gamble with their chances anyways and hope for a favorable outcome which is foolish because the victims that will have to suffer their failures will not be them, but the common middle to lower class people. In this case of the river project, they are creating a thriving wild salmon in the revitalized San Joaquin river façade when they could have funded the money to create an actual sustainable fishery that has a higher success rate with the same results of bringing back the salmon industry. Another pathos quote that portrays the river project as a flawed idea is seen here, “And it’s coming at a time when water shortages already are killing the Valley’s westside, farm-based economy... won’t be celebrating later” (2). This section evokes feelings of fear in the reader because even though the approval of the project seems to be a good idea by helping...
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