...RUNNING HEADER: SOCIAL HISTORY OF CHILD SUPPORT Abstract A key component of welfare reform involves changes in the assumptions about human behavior which are embedded in social policies. Policy assumptions have been transformed from forcing a belief that social service providers act as guardians, to a stance in which all participants are regarded as self-seeking cons. These ideas are particularly pertinent to policy developments concerning financial obligations for children, and this paper examines these issues in relation to child support policy in the US. It highlights the evident and inevitable failure of this policy to meet its primary stated aim of revenue generation. In the US this failure is compounded by the creation of parallel systems for dealing with children and families, one for financial obligations and the other for care and development, which are founded on downward opposed assumptions about human behavior and capabilities. Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………...4 Social Policy History……………………………………………………….4-6 Research History…………………………………………………………...7-9 Child Support Becomes the Law…………………………………………..10 Child Support Law & It’s Effects…………………………………………11-13 Social Effects: Parents, Children & Child Support………………………..14-15 Child Support System Changes….…………………………………………15-16 Child Support System Remedies….………………………………………..17 Child Supports Outcome on Communities/Government/Family……………17-18 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………...
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...Micro-finance on child-labour | 4 | Social responsibility challenges that micro-financiers should meet | 6 | Discussion of microfinance using the principle agent framework | 6 | Conclusion | 7 | References | 9 | Introduction Social innovation refers to novel services and activities directed towards addressing social needs and diffused through organizations whose main purposes are social rather than making profit (Majumdar, Guha, & Marakkath, 2015). On the other hand, business innovation involves organization’s process of introducing ideas, workflows, or products. Unlike social innovation, business innovations are motivated by profit and diffuse through firms motivated by profit maximization. However, some for-profit businesses innovate by developing new ideas to address social needs in the community or workplace. Nonetheless, both social and business innovations exhibit novelty. That is, they promote new ways of doing things thus making them necessary for human development. Majumdar, Guha, and Marakkath (2015) affirm that innovations promote human development by satisfying the basic human needs and empowering the community through new ideas. Innovation involves all spheres of society and human life including human needs and capacity development. This paper focuses on microfinance which is a business innovation. The paper discusses the impact of microfinance on poverty, child labor, and social responsibility challenges that micro-financiers should address or meet. The paper applies...
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...This paper concentrates on the observations made during lessons. It also focuses on how learning English for the first time as a language can be taught in a way that would be better and easy to understand. The students that I will deal with are those of grade one and two. Learning activities highly influence on how a student appreciate. Making sure that learning activities are of high quality which can be coupled with situations gives the students’ different perspectives which they can appreciate. They are several relevant skills that are a student is supposed to practice during learning. The skills are clarification, value analysis and problem-solving. The experience which students get during learning are the ones that give the opportunity...
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...Paid maternity leave is a hot button debate in the political and business arenas for good reason. The Family Medical Leave Act requires companies with greater than 50 employees to provide 12 weeks unpaid leave for new mothers. The act, as it currently stands, excludes many workers that are employed by smaller businesses and inadequately supports those that do essentially penalizing the mother and child which can result in social inequality. This paper explores why providing paid maternity leave is a better ethical and economic decision for businesses and society in general. Using a comparative analysis on maternity leave in other countries and the potential positive outcomes of providing paid maternity leave by working to achieve a stronger work-life balance. This paper also explores ways in which payment of maternity leave benefits can be addressed. A Review On Providing Paid Maternity Leave and The Benefits of Valuing Parents In The Workplace Maternity benefits, once believed to be only a consideration for young women who were contemplating a family, is now an issue for both men and women who will either biologically have or adopt child(ren). Most of us are familiar with the Family Medical Leave Act issued in 1993 in the United States that states “roughly 60% of the women in the United States are entitled to 12 weeks of unpaid maternity leave” (Ludsteck, 2014) and that’s with companies that employ 50 or more. In comparison to other countries’ provisions, these 12 unpaid...
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...Organizational Theory and Readiness for Change Assignment II: Force Field Analysis Denisha Hightower Morgan State University SOWK 608.185 Professor Sandra Austin The Human Service agency that will be described in this paper will identify the organizational issue, pin point a solution, strategize how to implement the solution and lastly determine how to assess if there was a change in the issue. This paper will also provide an analysis chart on the organization’s Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) and an appendix of both the SWOT analysis and an Organizational chart will be provided. The agency that was selected to be analyzed is a public governmental agency which was established in 1975 to aide families and persons who experience financial hardships and need assistance in obtaining basic necessities such as food and shelter to become self-sufficient. The organization also administers federally funded programs to aid individuals in obtaining medical assistance, financial stability through Family Investment Services and Nutritional needs through a food funding program. The organization further delegates other state programs for homeless people, child and adult protection and investigation, as well as programs extended for women victims of domestic violence. The organization’s mission is to aid and pursue those who are struggling economically, provide preventative services and protect defenseless children and adults. The organization’s governance...
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...Planning for Family-Friendly Communities Briefing Paper April 2010 Child care and community development by Kristen Anderson & Ellen Dektar, Local Investment in Child Care (LINCC) The American Planning Association (APA) has long recognized in its Policy Guide on the Provision of Child Care (1997) that child care is a critical component of livable communities for many families in urban, suburban and rural areas, and that local planning policies can play an important role in ensuring adequate child care. Whether by necessity or choice, the majority of parents work and many depend upon formal, organized out‐of‐home care. Since there is no federal or state universal child care system or guidelines for child care planning, most communities have supply gaps that are especially pronounced for infant/toddler age groups and lower income families. Preschool‐age programs (mostly part‐day) are proliferating nationally due to public awareness of the value of early learning. State spending on preschool increased from $2.4 billion to $4.2 billion nationwide between 2005 and 2007 (Wat, 2007). Similarly, federal and state spending on child care subsidies has more than tripled in the last decade, but most communities still face problems with inadequate supply of quality, affordable child care (Warner 2007). The majority of child care and part‐day preschool centers are run by private or nonprofit entities (rather than school districts or cities) and supported largely by parent fees ...
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...Book Review: M Little and B Maughan, Effective Interventions for Children in Need, The Library of Essays in Child Welfare and Development, Ashgate, Burlington, VT, USA, 2010, £120 Hb, ISBN 978-0-74562-825-2 Declan Coogan Youth Justice 2011 11: 194 DOI: 10.1177/14732254110110020603 The online version of this article can be found at: http://yjj.sagepub.com/content/11/2/194 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Youth Justice can be found at: Email Alerts: http://yjj.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://yjj.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://yjj.sagepub.com/content/11/2/194.refs.html >> Version of Record - Jul 13, 2011 What is This? Downloaded from yjj.sagepub.com at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) on April 16, 2014 194 Youth Justice 11(2) alongside England and Wales and in so doing makes some invaluable comparisons and contrasts in light of the differing legal systems. Nonetheless, this does raise questions about the primacy accorded to the Scottish Sheriffs’ accounts in the second section of the book in light of the markedly different approach to ASBOs adopted in Scotland, especially where young people are concerned (pp. 121–125). The Sheriffs’ accounts clearly lend support to extant concerns about net-widening (cf. Squires and Stephen, 2005) and ASBOs were deemed ‘ineffective’ and...
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...Tara Rose Professor Lewis EN 101 November 18, 2008 McCain’s and Obama’s Views on No Child Left Behind Act “Change.” Change has been a word brought up often in this election. Obama promises to bring “change” to America. How are we going to change our education system? How do the candidates plan to change the education system? In 2001, President George Bush, reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, with his new piece of legislation, The No Child Left Behind Act. This was the largest reform of federal education policy in any generation. However, many believe this Act had little or no impact on Americans. Nevertheless, both candidates, Barack Obama and John McCain, plan to keep the act intact but with their own revisions, and both parties stress the importance of every child receiving what they call a “world-class education. (Internation Reading Association: Reading Today: McCain vs. Obama)McCain’s key concept in changing the No Child Left Behind Act, is giving parents and their children the choice of any school through charter schools, vouchers, or tax credits for private schools, while Obama’s main focus is recruiting new teachers and paying them higher salaries; I believe Obama’s plan to reform the No Child Left Behind Act is a more productive plan, and that he has a better approach to reforming the No Child Left Behind Act. The No Child Left Behind Act, NCLB, was introduced on January 23, 2001, immediately after George Bush stepped into office. This act...
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...And also the mistake one makes, though he/she will endure in the end there is always a price to pay. In the case of abortion, if it goes wrong the one carrying the baby might die while in the process of removing the newly formed baby. For others guilt may chew their conscious till the very end of their life. Abortion may also favor some women and give them a second chance to shape in their future. A wise man once said a mistake is not a mistake unless repeated. Abortion may lead to permanent damage of the womb. If one has had the chance of getting away the first time it is best for her to try and avoid the second time. The society also much depends on the women, for them to take care of their children. It would be best if the number of children homes reduced and mothers be there for their children. The governments should also play a major role in availing contraceptives and free education of unprotected sex in all areas of its country. Measures to curb rape cases and child abuse should be also a top priority in the...
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...Services for Low-Income Families Senior Seminar HUSC 4202 Instructor: Dr.Wheat March 15, 2012 Group 3 Presentation TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter l- Introduction Introductory paragraphs Statement of the problem Purpose Significance of the study Research questions Chapter ll- Background or Review of Literature Literature review Definition of terms Chapter lll- Methodology Restate purpose and research questions Population and sampling Instrumentation Procedure and time frame Analysis plan Validity and reliability Assumptions Scope and limitations Chapter lV Results Chapter V – Conclusions and Recommendations Summary Discussions Recommendations References Appendix Chapter I Introduction The Department of Human Services in Arkansas offers a variety of services. Group 3 will focus on five specific services. These services include: Transitional Employment Assistance (TEA), Medicaid, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) formerly known as food stamps, Child Care Assistance (CCAP), and AR Kids First. The Department of Human Services is required by state law to: help individuals and families meet financial, medical, and social needs; assist people to become self-sufficient; and help protect children and adults from abuse, neglect and exploitation. Group 3 researched these services to investigate qualifications and use of these services. Statement of the Problem The researchers of this study discovered that residents in Arkansas are becoming...
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...The Impact of Divorce on Children under the Age of 18 Leroy James Phoenix University Abstract This paper explores references in regards to divorce and the effect that it has on our children. Articles along with books related to divorce and children will make up the entirety of this research paper. A variety of information will be derived from each reference that will expound on children’s reaction to their parents’ divorce. Clarke-Stewart and Brentano (2006) suggest that children see no benefit in divorce because the end of their parents’ marriage is a complete loss turning their lives upside down. This paper also examines researches on play therapy and storytelling that delves into children’s thoughts and feelings about their parents’ divorce. Clarke-Stewart and Brentano (2006) also suggest that most children just wish that their parents would get back together and shape up. This issue is definitely something to pay well attention to because of its effect on our children and society. It has been revealed that a computer search of books and articles in the database PsycINFO reveals more than four thousand on the topic of “children of divorce”—half of them in the past decade. Overall this paper will attempt to cover a majority of children base issues pertaining to their parents’ divorce and their struggle to make adjustments to cope with the major changes that comes along with the aftermath. Divorce is an epidemic that’s running...
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...and perceived impact of child fosterage on HIV/AIDS orphaned children: A case study of Mathare a suburb of Nairobi BY JAMES NYANJWA SW/02/10 A research proposal submitted to the department of sociology and psychology for the requirements of the Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Work MOI UNIVERSITY 4TH NOVEMBER, 2013 DECLARATION AND RECOMMENDATION Declaration by candidate I hereby declare that the work presented in this research proposal is my own work Citation from other information sources is given where applicable. No part of this document is to be reproduced in any other form, be it print or electronic without permission from the copyright holder Name……………………….Sig……………….date…………………. Recommendation by Supervisor This proposal has been submitted with my approval as the Departmental supervisor Name………………….Sig……………….Date…………… DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my beloved brothers Victor Onyuka and Philip Ogola without whose caring and financial support it would not have been possible and I would also like to dedicate this work to the memory of my parents, my loving dad Joseph Onyuka and caring moms Pamela Anyango and BeldineAoko who passed on the love of reading and respect for education. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Masinde for impacting us with knowledge on research proposal. I want to thank most profoundly Mrs. Adeli for her guidance on the relevance materials needed in writing research proposal. It is my hope...
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...year Transition Support Program for refugee families. The program provided both parents and their children with transition support. The three types of support were ELL support, after school programs for the children, and classes for parents. The study found...
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...Factors University of Phoenix Management: Theory, Practice and Application MGT/330 Oren Gilbert May 29, 2011 Abstract In this paper we will analyze the functions of management at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. Looking at the four management functions (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling) and how the functions are affected by internal and external factors. An explanation of how globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, and ethics affect the four management functions will are discussed. Lastly how managers at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital use delegation to manage each function (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling). As well as how each factor (globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, and ethics) is affected managerial delegation. External/Internal Factors This paper is based on the St Jude’s Children Research Hospital. St. Jude’s Children Research Hospital was started in 1962 by founder Danny Thomas. Thomas’s goals were to change the lives of all the children that would walk through the hospital doors. He created a hospital that specialized in research and treatment of catastrophic diseases and illnesses. It was not until 2005 that St Jude’s added on a massive expansion that heightened the hospitals efforts to find cures, treatments, vaccines, and rehabilitation for children. This paper will include an explanation of how internal and external factors affect the four functions of management, and how management uses...
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...Child Abuse and Neglect 29 30 Dimensions and Critical Issues of Child Maltreatment in the African American Community: Causation, Consequences, and Prospects Presenter: Respondent: Joyce N. Thomas, R.N., M.P.H. Robert Pierce, Ph.D. Introduction African Americans, the largest minority population in the United States, suffer disproportionately from preventable diseases and deaths—(Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health, 1994). This statement from the Office of Minority Health not only captures the tragic problem of health related issues of African Americans, it also applies to the social welfare problems of these children and their families. Each year over 2,000 children die at the hands of their parents or caretakers (U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, 1995). Abuse and neglect in the home are considered one of the leading causes of death for children four years of age and younger and the largest number of child abuse fatalities is due to severe head trauma. Homicide statistics are only part of the grim reality, with near–fatal abuse and neglect accounting for more than 18,000 permanently disabled children, and approximately 142,000 serious injuries (Baladerian, 1991). Findings from the report, A Nation’s Shame: Fatal Child Abuse and Neglect in the United States, indicate that African Americans are overrepresented in both fatalities and near–fatal injuries (U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, 1995). Research shows that...
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