...Leadership: Are Good Leaders Made Or Born? Heather Brown Social Psychology Dr. Alyson Kohl National University Abstract Many studies have taken place to decide whether people are naturally born to lead or whether those traits are developed and taught over time. Different traits combine to make good leaders, such as ambition, intelligence, and self-confidence. In this paper I will discuss whether these traits are naturally within someone or can they be taught over time. Leadership: Are Good Leaders Made Or Born? How is a good leader defined? Are they charismatic, smart, an over achiever? A Leader, is defined as a person who is “appointed, elected, or informally chosen to direct and co-ordinate the work of others in a group”. A leader and leader-ship are two very different things. To lead you need to be able to influence groups of people socially [ (Kassin, Fein, & Markus, 2014) ]. Without influence, it would be hard to have people want to follow you. Leaders influence people to work together to accomplish a variety of goals. Leaders can be found in all aspects of life, at work and at play. Psychologists have conducted studies to identify what traits are common to “natural-born leaders”. Some of the common traits that great leaders have been defined in the Great Person Theory of history ( [ (Kassin, Fein, & Markus, 2014) ]. Ambition, intelligence, and self-confidence are just a few of traits that great leaders throughout time have had in common. The...
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...the observable behavior of the animal or human being studied was the basis of psychology. The most influential people in behaviorism are considered to be: Watson, Skinner, and Pavlov. These scientists pioneered the study of behavior with experiments, and expanded upon the knowledge already existing from previous notable scientists. However, the problem with this school of thought is that it suggests that only observable behaviors should be studied, since internal states such as cognitions, emotions and moods are too subjective (Goodwin, 2005). Classical conditioning is a technique used in behavioral training in which a naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a response. Next, a previously neutral stimulus is paired with the naturally occurring stimulus. Eventually, the previously neutral stimulus comes to evoke the response without the presence of the naturally...
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...and weaknesses, your personal traits and your behavioral tendency. To be successful people will need to learn how to manage themselves. They will have to learn where they can contribute the most and learn how to develop themselves. They will have to learn when and how they need to change what they do and how they do things. How can you be able to adapt and change if you don´t know yourself well enough to reflect what changes you need in order to be closer to success? In our learning resources on week 5 of our course we learned about two approaches to identify the driving factors of someone´s personality. “The nomothetic approach strongly supports the view that personalities are fixed and determined by heredity and cannot be significantly influenced by environmental factors. The idiographic approach recognizes that individuals have unique characteristics but suggests that personality and behavior are influenced by specific environment experiences”. (Organizational Behavior: Individuals, Groups and Organization 4th Edition) I...
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...character traits. At this point, this signature theme report has made me aware of the fact that individuals have very specific personalities with specific character traits. Does anything in the report surprise you? Yes, I am surprise how the report could have been able to pin point the different individual personality traits. Aren’t there people with personalities cutting across two signature themes of talent? I have just learned this fact from Clifton Strengths Finder. How well do you feel your Signature Themes describe the ways in which you most naturally, think, feel, and behave as a unique individual? I have a feeling that the description gives a nearly precise description of personality at its most natural state. My attention was particularly drawn to the signature theme ‘Responsibility’. The description indicate a high level of precision. For instance, the emotional attachment to the role tobe accomplish by the person with this signature theme has been brought out so clearly. Theother signature themes also gives very specific descriptions of individual personality that can be argued to be adequate. What career-related actions will you take based on the results? Career choice decision-while deciding career to take, I will make use of the results to determine my personality and choose the career that is best suited for it. Job to take- the results help me to know the job that is best suited for my personality. With whom will you share your results? I will share my results...
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...time, though the narcissist will blame the ex-partner and say that it was the alcohol and drugs that made them like it even though it was the narcissist who drove them to drink and/or drugs. This can even go as far as psychological murder. Narcissists use very cleverly plotted emotional, mental and verbal abuse and guilt and sympathy to manipulate people around them, in covertly narcissistic relationships this is usually solely their partner. They use hypnotic forms of communication to very cleverly hide the abuse using embedded verbal commands and subliminal persuasion undermining the perception of the victim. Seeing as they have been practising this hypnotic art since they were a child they become experts in it and have what is commonly described as a super human capacity. So much so, that they can use one person to get them to go and manipulate another by proxy,. it is as though their subconscious mind is their conscious mind. Malignant narcissism can be described as a lack of empathy where the narcissist is unable to put themselves in anybody elses position and cannot relate to how others feel, though they will pretend they do. This is learnt naturally and recalled from script as and when needed. Narcissism develops naturally at the age of about six years old and develops from there and is a necessity for life but traumatic experiences can cause the development of personality to become stunted and as they grow they remain in the frame of mind of a six year old or on the other...
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...Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Sigmund Freud, is said to be one of the greatest Psychologist of all times. Although he has a different outlook on understanding how people act is quite intriguing. In comparison and contrast the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler are very different and unique. However, Freud, Jung, and Adler are not at all alike. Freud based most psychological things on sexuality. Jung, promoted the concept of archetypes, and Adler believed in the “will power” theory Adler also believed that fundamentally, human beings are self-determined. Freud is big on self-consciousness; Jung said “the aim of life is to know oneself, and to know one is to plumb the depths of the inchoate seas of not only the personal unconscious but the collective unconscious as well.” Adler stated that “individual psychology based on the idea of the indivisibility of one’s personality.” Freud, Jung, and Adler became fast friends through their avid interest in psychology. Alfred Adler, a medical doctor with a deep interest in psychology and human nature, met Freud in their native Vienna in 1900 at a medical conference where Freud presented his new theories about dreams and the unconscious. Freud met Jung and after a mega- meeting of thirteen hours of discussion, became cohorts in spreading the wonder of psychoanalysis (Bridle & Edlestein, 2000, Spring/Summer). Alfred Adler and Carl Jung liked Freud’s definitions of id, ego, and superego, but had no interest in the sexual...
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...What is personality? While there are many different theories of personality, the first step is to understand exactly what is meant by the term personality. The word personality itself stems from the Latin word persona, which referred to a theatrical mask work by performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities. A brief definition would be that personality is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviours that make a person unique. In addition to this, personality arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life. http://psychology.about.com/od/overviewofpersonality/a/persondef.htm Views on personality There are three main theories of personality. A man called Matt Jarvis created a theory called 'trait view'. This is the way in which someone behaves depending on their traits and characteristics. The following table shows Matt Jarvis' personality types which he refers to in his theory. People are usually successful in a certain sport because it matches their personality. For example Mario Ballotelli a footballer for Liverpool, he is an example of a type A person. This is clear on and off the football pitch because he gets aggressive quickly which is shown in multiple different circumstances. This aggressive personality Ballotelli displays gets him in trouble on most occasions for example he would get a red card and a suspension. As Ballotellis' past actions have shown, these...
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...Allport was America’s first personality theorist. His 1937 and 1961 definitions of personality are dynamic, organized, and unique. He distinguished common traits from individual traits. He used the idiographic and the nomothetic approaches in studying personality. He used the nomothetic method to examine what people have in common, and the idiographic to discover individual traits. He also made criteria of a mature personality. First is self-extension, second is warm human interaction, third is self-acceptance or emotional security, third is realistic perception, fourth is self-objectification, and last is unifying principle of life. He also discussed ten possible units of the study of personality. Those are intellectual capacity, syndromes of temperament, unconscious motives, social attitudes, ideational schemata, expressive traits, stylistic traits, pathological trends, and factorial clusters. Characters and attitudes may also be used as units of study, but these present some complications. Character involves the judgment of moral rights and wrongs. Attitudes, or a disposition to an object or toward an object of value, involve an emotional response from a very narrow range of stimuli towards an object of value. It can be evaluated, but a trait cannot be evaluated because it naturally exists within the individual. Thus, attitude is difficult to work with as a unit of measurement. He also discussed about Functional Autonomy which represents the present “go” if interests and tendencies...
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...University of Phoenix Material Personality Reflection Using the textbook, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answer the following questions. Your responses to each question will vary but overall should be 700- to 1,050-words in length. 1. How would you define personality? Personality is what makes a person uniquely themselves. It is one’s disposition/mood, meaning, if you are naturally happy or sad. It is one’s temperament. It is how one is perceived by others, how one reacts to situations—this means, how the world views you. Merriam-Webster dictionary says that personality is the set of emotional qualities, ways of behaving, etc. that makes a person different from other people. 2. What are some key personality features that define you? There are a number of personality features that I could be used to define me. First, I would say warm, I am genuinely a happy, approachable, hospitable, thoughtful person. To that end I would also use self-less; I tend to always think of others before myself, and will give someone my last whatever if they were in need. I am brutally honest. I believe that this is a trait that I have that has been perceived by others as sarcasm. That is not the case, however, I am a person that is not afraid to say what other want to say. I would use the world resilient. As it pertains to me, I can bounce back from any situation (homelessness, incarceration, a debilitating accident) with grace...
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...03 Mar 2015 Unjust vs. Just Laws Unjust laws have made criminals out of innocent people. Laws implemented during the Civil Rights era, such as segregation, made it illegal for people of color and white people to share the same water fountain. It was also illegal for any colored person to sit in front of the bus because those seats were reserved for the white people. Naturally, those with a conscience felt it was necessary to tear down the walls of segregation, which only resulted in brutal beatings from police or being thrown in jail. So then, why break the law? Because it’s human nature to act according to one’s conscience, regardless if one’s actions are deemed illegal by the government. “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” written by Martin Luther King, Jr. defines unjust and just law, which can be used to argue that prohibiting same-sex couples to elope in marriage is unjust. Some would argue that permitting same-sex marriage will ruin the sanctity of marriage, but an increase in divorce rates contradicts that argument. Essentially, just how sacred is marriage when celebrities like Kim Kardashian are getting a divorce after 70 days of marriage or when Elizabeth Taylor can move from one marriage to another. In contemporary society, we change husbands and wives as often as we change our socks. The point is prohibiting same-sex marriage is unjust because like segregation it, “distorts the soul and damages the personality (256).” Secondly, prohibiting same-sex marriage is an...
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...Neo Freudian’s Psychoanalytic Theory VS. B.F Skinner’s Behaviorist Approach Cion Castille Psy211 Asharaf Esmail March 12, 2013 How Personality traits are passed down or learned has always been a questionable and a confusing topic when it comes to actually proving your reasons. There seems to be many different theorists that feel that personality comes from different ways. Some even support their theories in such a logical manner that it leaves on the fence. Exploring different theorist showed me many different interpretations of the effecting factors that determine personality traits. The Important pioneer Sigmund Freudian (Freud) and his, Psychoanalytic theory. Learning Theorist B.F. Skinner (Skinner) and his, Behaviorist Approach which was among my interest and very plausible was. In both of these cases the Theorist used great examples from everyday life to support their theorist and beliefs. Sigmund Freudian introduced his Psychoanalytic Theory in the early 1900s. In this theory he stated that conscious experiences are not the only or for that fact the greatest influence on our personality traits. Freud argued that the unconscious experiences that a person goes through also plays a big part if not most of developing personality traits. With this belief Freud focused all of his studies in this matter on the unconscious factors in a person’s life such as; memories, knowledge, beliefs, feelings, drive, and built in instincts. Freud stated that the unconscious functions...
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...Personality Paper Joy L. Hamby PSY/405 August 14, 2013 Laraine Frajio Personality Paper Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are characteristic patterns that make a person unique. A person’s personality is what sets them apart from the rest of the world. The uniqueness that each person possesses is called personality. Although individuals may possess similar qualities no two people can share the same personality (McLeod, 2007). The term personality was originated by the Latin word persona. A persona was in reference to a theatrical mask worn by stage performers to disguise their identities. The study of individual differences among human beings is called personality psychology. Psychologists strive for the construction of logical interpretations of individuals and their major psychological processes. The theoretical approaches when studying personality include biological theories, behavioral theories, trait theories, psychodynamic theories, and humanistic theories. The term personality is not easy to define because it a composition of so many influential aspects. One’s personal morals, values and beliefs are a combination of factors that shape and mold one’s personality. There are multiple factors that influence personality a few of these includes genetics, family, friends, close intimate relationship and social interactions....
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...I am the oldest of four sister naturally I was trained by my parents to lead my sisters into the best people they could be. They made sure to keep in my mind that if I set the bar low for them they would be people who would not succeed. Naturally I think that I took three skills that helped me be the best leader I could be towards my sisters: I was accountable, dependable, and compassionate. Three skills that I think any effective leader needs in helping not just your family but your community as well. My accountability comes from the learned lesson that I have taken which is knowing when to say no and yes. Throughout life, if I have accepted helping someone I will find a way to get it done. In my family, alongside my parents I have helped them to manage our household. I was ten years old when I learned to use an agenda to keep track of bills and my homework. This was my way of helping my father who had to work long hours, and my mother who did not know English. Anytime I would by accident forget to pay a monthly bill, I had to be accountable and find a way to have the provider forgive the late fee so that I would not disappoint my father. Being dependable makes you form a very well rounded personality. I am always ready to inform constituents of new policy implications for people who may not be able to...
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...When meeting a person for the first time, they would notice a girl with a bright smile, vibrant personality, and manners. All the while I love smiling politely, shaking hands, and holding eye contact, I dread for a first impression to be the shell of a person. We are taught in childhood to be seen and not heard, and consequently, females fall victim to society's idea of inferiority. Sadly, this notion is carried into adulthood. Being shadowed by the way I "should" be perceived, or conforming to social norms, is not what I was taught. I treat new people as if I've known them for a long time, which can be intimidating; I'm naturally friendly and easygoing. We are made of more than manners and I want my personality to be regarded on the first...
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...How to Be “Beautiful” (or something of that nature) Almost every supermarket and drugstore in America has one section filled with lights, mirrors, bright colors, new music, and hundreds of options. This section is commonly referred to as the beauty section, or what I like to call “the money hole.” Makeup industries oftentimes advertise their products so well that women will go to any extreme to get their hands on what they feel is the fountain of youth in a bottle. Countless amounts of creams, blushes, lipsticks, and bronzers all give women the promise of looking better than they naturally do, when in actuality, many women have never heard the phrase “less is more.” Society has moved past that stage, and the phrase “use every product you can find” is more applicable. Here is how to look “beautiful” today; which means abiding by the new and so-called improved phrase. Before stepping foot into the beauty section, look in the mirror and analyze what exactly needs to be corrected, whether it be a toucan nose, bug eyes, or ghostly white skin. Be sure to base all decisions off of the views and opinions of others, rather than your own thoughts. There is a product for each and every flaw, so be sure to look for them all. If needed, ask the opinions of enemies – they are always a very reliable source. Once all flaws are found and the inevitable tears are shed, head to the closest beauty store. Upon arrival at the store, head straight to the beauty section and find an associate...
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