...Phonics instruction teaches children how to connect the sounds of spoken English with letters or groups of letters. Emergent readers need to understand that there is a relationship between letter patterns and sound patterns, which will eventually help them develop the knowledge of separate sounds in words. Phonics has been identified by the National Reading Panel as one of the five areas necessary for reading (Doty, Hixson, Decker, Reynolds, & Drevon 2015). It is widely used in teaching children to read and decode words. Phonics instruction is usually taught to children around the ages of five and six (Yusuf & Enesi 2012). Phonics programs do more than teach children to blend, decode, and segment words, they also include instruction and...
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...provide instructions that will promote growth for all students. Although students have various learning styles, teachers can successfully teach reading through differentiated instructions. Many teacher fail to integrate reading into their subject because they often feel like they do not have the tools need to successful implement the content area (Wilson, 2011). In this paper, I will address the how ideal reading programs for first grade students should include phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension to ensure the success of each student in reading. Phonemic awareness Phonic awareness is an important part of a strong reading foundation for students in first grade. Students entering first will have prior knowledge of phonic awareness from kindergarten classes. It is important as the teacher to build on the prior phonic awareness knowledge and correct inaccurate information to assist the students in building a strong foundation. Students will gain several skills from phonics awareness such as manipulating sounds in spoken...
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...Volume 1 PARENT HANDBOOK Promoting Literacy Parent Handbook to Promote Literacy Corporate Graphics and Communications CLC: Team Blue Phonics and Phonemic Awareness Waynelle Austin, Bridgette Barrowes, Kara Battaglia, Melanie Billiu, Sydney Calzaretta, Elma Campos Grand Canyon University: EDU 260 August 10, 2012 Table of Contents Reading Comprehension Chapter 1 Pages 1-3 Phonics Chapter 2 Pages 4-6 Phonemic Awareness Chapter 3 Pages 7-8 Fluency Chapter 4 Pages 9-10 Vocabulary Chapter 5 Pages 11-13 References Chapter 6 Pages 14-15 Chapter 1 Reading Comprehension Reading Comprehension is the ability to understand what you are reading (Lesley University, 2007). t O help students understand what they are learning, they need to be encouraged to read at home as well as in the classroom. Reading Comprehension comes from prolonged exposure to reading, but it can be easily adapted and understood if a child is encouraged to discuss what they are reading. While reading, children should ask questions, make predictions, and formulate an opinion while they are reading (Lesley University). This is important for student advancement, as it keeps your child’s brain active while they are reading, and it reminds them to pay attention to the text and the context within the words. Sir Richard Steele- “Reading is to the mind as exercise is to the body.” How to Teach Your Child Reading Comprehension Every parent should...
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...Case Study Research Report Christine Y. Harris Grand Canyon University RDG 581 October 12, 2011 Action Research Plan: Effective Interventions for Vocabulary Acquisition in Children of Disadvantaged Backgrounds The Purpose Research suggests that students can be taught phonics skills that are needed to become proficient readers. The use of strategies such as guessing from context, predicting and re-reading may aid, to some extent, with reading comprehension. However, according to Becker (1977), a primary difficulty in developing comprehension in the early years in reading is an inadequate vocabulary. An insufficient vocabulary will have an adverse impact on reading comprehension. E.D.Hirsch states “It is now well accepted that the chief cause of the achievement gaps between socioeconomic groups is a language gap.” The purpose of this research is to determine how explicit instruction using interventions can help close the vocabulary deficits with children from disadvantaged backgrounds The Problem Children of lower socioeconomic backgrounds enter kindergarten with a less extensive vocabulary than those of higher socioeconomic environment. One study showed that three year old children from affluent families had larger vocabularies than children from impoverished families (Hart and Risley, et al 1995). Unfortunately, once the deficit in vocabulary is established, differences in vocabulary knowledge are hard to eliminate. This leads to continued gaps as students...
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...When researching about good teaching practice they are two aspects of teaching that are interesting they are; being able to learn phonics and being able to learn comprehensive skills of a new language and clarifying it as well. They are several methods that can be employed to make sure that young children are able to understand and read texts. One of the main methods that are used by teachers in teaching on how to read is phonics (Lazarin, 2016). This method focuses on mentioning of new words by children. It does this through teaching students the alphabetical system of writing. It pays particular attention to letters and sound. In each language there is a unit of sound, the least unit is known as a phoneme. They are phonics guidelines that are usually stipulated, however, some research must be done in order to obtain the empirical principle, also, some common sense is applied (Pardo, 2004). According to research, children who are taught early enough in an...
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...Fluency is the ability to read the text, correctly, fast, and with expression. Fluency is an important principle of the reading that brings a bond between word recognition and comprehension. To be a fluent reader, a student must have the mastery skills of the phonemic awareness, phonological awareness, and phonics, and with all these skills, a fluent reader recognizes words as well as understands them at the same time. There are a lot of websites that enhance fluency; “www.starfall.com” is one of them, it is a great website for young kids. This website has a lot of reading material that includes letter recognition and sounds (Phonemes) to read stories, poems, rhymes, and songs. Children can practice the letter sounds, sound’s pitch, vowels,...
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...Five Elements of Reading The five elements of reading are like a symphony. You need all components to make a beautiful sound. Phonics like the string section, they are the largest body of the orchestra. It is perhaps the section that offers greatest range of expression. In essence, it is the foundation of the orchestra. Phonics encompasses reading and writing and it gives the student the ability to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes. Fluency is like the woodwind section. What differentiates these instruments from other wind instruments is the way they produce their sound. Fluency is the way that you sound when you read. Fluent is flowing or moving smoothly through a piece of reading material. Phonemic Awareness is like to brass section, a musician in this group uses their breath to produce sound. The mouthpiece helps to amplify the buzzing of the lips, which create sounds. Phonemic Awareness, you have to be aware of the sounds that you hear and pay attention of how your moth moves to make the particular sound. Vocabulary is like the percussion family. A percussionist will usually play many different instruments in one piece of music. A reader needs to have a good vocabulary of many words to gain the main idea of what they are reading. Comprehension is like keyboards in the orchestra. After a student reads something, it is important to understand and recall what they have read. You can still read and not have comprehension but there will be a huge part missing...
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...provide instructions that will promote growth for all students. Although students have various learning styles, teachers can successfully teach reading through differentiated instructions. Many teacher fail to integrate reading into their subject because they often feel like they do not have the tools need to successful implement the content area (Wilson, 2011). In this paper, I will address the how ideal reading programs for first grade students should include phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension to ensure the success of each student in reading. Phonemic awareness Phonic awareness is an important part of a strong reading foundation for students in first grade. Students entering first will have prior knowledge of phonic awareness from kindergarten classes. It is important as the teacher to build on the prior phonic awareness knowledge and correct inaccurate information to assist the students in building a strong foundation. Students will gain several skills from phonics awareness such as manipulating sounds in spoken words, segmenting sounds, deleting sounds, and applying phoneme-grapheme correspondence as they...
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...Response to Instruction Curriculum Program: SIPPS/Beginning Level Date: 3/7-3/11 Lessons: 25-27 (New: sounds d/sight words: was, go, down, saw). | Monday 3/7Lesson 25A | Tuesday 3/8Lesson 25B | Wednesday 3/9Lesson 26A | Thursday 3/10Lesson 26B | Friday 3/11Lesson 27A | Notes/Materials | Phoneme Play & Phonics and Decodable Words | 1. Reread: Story 242. Rhyming: Rhyme with: ad3. Segmentation: rats, hits, sand, fast, runs, dads4. Phonics & Dec. Words: Intro “d”; review s, n, t, m, a_, r, i_, f, h, u_, d | 1. Read: Story 252. Rhyming: Rhyme with: id3. Segmentation: sad, mad, had, mud, rid, dad4. Phonics & Dec. Words: No new sounds; review s, n, t, m, a_, r, i_, f, h, u_, d | 1. Reread: Story 25 2. Rhyming: Rhyme with: id3. Segmentation: sad, had, fit, miss, did, dad4. Phonics & Dec. Words: No new sounds; review s, n, t, m, a_, r, i_, f, h, u_, d | 1. Read: Story 262. Rhyming: Rhyme with: it3. Segmentation: hat, mat, sit, fat, mat, had4. Phonics & Dec. Words: No new sounds; review s, n, t, m, a_, r, i_, f, h, u_,d | 1. Reread: Story 262. Rhyming: Rhyme with ack3. Segmentation: cat, cut, duck, kick, tack, tuck4. Phonics & Dec. Words: Intro “c, k, _ck”; review s, n, t, m, a_,r, i_, f, h, u_, d | | HFW (Sight Words) | 5. Intro “was”; review all previously taught words. | 5. No new words; review all previously taught words. | 5. Intro “go” “down”; review all previously taught words. | 5. No new words; review all previously taught words. |...
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...Programme | Specific Objectives | Strategies | Time Frame | Resources/ Materials | Success Indicators | Orientation to print | To emphasize and practice letter-sound correspondence, decoding, phonological awareness, and sightwords; | Similarities and DifferencesDiscrimination | June-March | PrincipalTeacherPupilStorybookReading Materials | 0% non-readerNumber of independent readers increased0% drop-outNo pupil left behind100% promotionLevel of Self-confidence is increasedParental support is increasedLevel of participation is increased85% Mastery in different content areasAcademic Achievement is enhanced | Letter name knowledge | To use the one-to-one teacher tutorial with emphasis on phonics; | Phonics instructionSpelling inventoryQuick Reads | June-March | PrincipalTeacherPupilStorybookReading Materials | 0% non-readerNumber of independent readers increased0% drop-outNo pupil left behind100% promotionLevel of Self-confidence is increasedParental support is increasedLevel of participation is increased85% Mastery in different content areasAcademic Achievement is enhanced | Letter sound production | To emphasize and practice letter-sound correspondence, decoding, phonological awareness, and sightwords; | Phonemic awarenessAudio-Video presentation | June-March | PrincipalTeacherPupilStorybookReading Materials | 0% non-readerNumber of independent readers increased0% drop-outNo pupil left behind100% promotionLevel of Self-confidence is increasedParental support is increasedLevel...
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...Fluency Fluency is another critical skill that must be mastered for students to become proficient readers. Fluency is considered the “bridge” between word recognition (phonics) and reading comprehension” (Rasinski, Paige & Nageldinger, 2015, p. 143). For children to become fluent readers they need to master the skills of rate, accuracy and prosody. According to LaBerge & Samuels (1974) reading is an informational process that requires students to master accuracy and automaticity. Students must be able to read the words accurately to deduce the meaning of the text. Students also must read at the appropriate rate and with the proper intonation and expression, thus creating reading fluency. Automaticity is the when students can pronounce a word it without applying decoding skills, this crucial to help students improve their reading accuracy. Without improving reading accuracy, disfluent students may spend too much time focused on decoding words, thus slowing down their reading (rate) and making it difficult for them to make meaning from the text. When...
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...Students Name: Aria Age: 10 Grade: 5 School type: rural Examiner: Melissa Cordeiro Date of testing: 2/10/2012, 2/15/2012 Background: Aria is a white 10 year old girl in the fifth grade, at a rural elementary school in Dartmouth, MA. Her overall appearance is clean and well groomed. She wears glasses for correction of a strabismus (lazy eye). With glasses her vision appears to be normal. Aria is also diagnosed with asthma and requires the use of an inhaler to treat symptoms. Arias primary language is English and she is a very social child. Aria’s oral language skills are age appropriate for social situations. Aria is currently placed in and integrated classroom and works with a reading specialist three times a week for 30 minutes. In the past, Aria has academically performed average in ELA and Math, but performed below average in Science and History. Aria is very concerned with making mistakes and will not participate if she doesn’t know the correct answer. During Science and History assignments Aria struggles with decoding unfamiliar word and reading comprehension. Aria enjoys reading at her independent level but becomes frustrated when reading materials that are challenging. Aria currently knows her letters and sounds and she can answer simple comprehension questions during ELA activities. Aria also performs extremely well on spelling test. She has many friends at school and participates in several after school programs. Aria has also participated...
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...Students Name: Aria Age: 10 Grade: 5 School type: rural Examiner: Melissa Cordeiro Date of testing: 2/10/2012, 2/15/2012 Background: Aria is a white 10 year old girl in the fifth grade, at a rural elementary school in Dartmouth, MA. Her overall appearance is clean and well groomed. She wears glasses for correction of a strabismus (lazy eye). With glasses her vision appears to be normal. Aria is also diagnosed with asthma and requires the use of an inhaler to treat symptoms. Arias primary language is English and she is a very social child. Aria’s oral language skills are age appropriate for social situations. Aria is currently placed in and integrated classroom and works with a reading specialist three times a week for 30 minutes. In the past, Aria has academically performed average in ELA and Math, but performed below average in Science and History. Aria is very concerned with making mistakes and will not participate if she doesn’t know the correct answer. During Science and History assignments Aria struggles with decoding unfamiliar word and reading comprehension. Aria enjoys reading at her independent level but becomes frustrated when reading materials that are challenging. Aria currently knows her letters and sounds and she can answer simple comprehension questions during ELA activities. Aria also performs extremely well on spelling test. She has many friends at school and participates in several after school programs. Aria has also participated...
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...that the authority of regulating education lies in the Constitution, there is also notable indirect authority that is exercised through federal funding of national programs, together with block grants. The purpose of education is to provide skills, knowledge and wisdom to prepare our children for their future. Essentially, phonics, blending, as well as letter recognition are some of the basics method of teaching that is offered to the developing learners’, particularly in an elementary school. More important, letter recognition is the first step in reading and mostly it is done during elementary education. Smith (2008) defines phonic as a method of teaching, reading and writing English language through developing learners’ capacity to hear, categorize as well as manipulate phonemes with a reason of teaching correspondence that exist between the sounds and spelling patterns that represent them. Inherently, phonics plays a significant role in assisting the beginning readers to be in a position to decode new written words when they sound them, that is, when blending the sound spelling patterns. Gifford (2005) claims that teaching reading while using phonics is simple way of assisting young students in not only learning letters of alphabet, but also knowing the sound each letter makes. Reading comprehension is another important attribute taught in elementary schools that forms the...
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...Running head: FIVE ELEMENTS OF READING Five Elements of Reading: Scaffolding from Phonics and Phonemic Awareness Justine Leigh Saavedra Grand Canyon University: EDU 470 June 2012 Five Elements of Reading |Phonemic Awareness |Phonics |Fluency |Vocabulary |Comprehension | |Phonemic awareness is the |Phonics is defined as the |Fluency is the ability to read |Vocabulary is the understanding|Comprehension refers to | |“ability to notice, think |relationship between letters and |text with ease and flow. The |of the meanings of words in |understanding what one is reading| |about, and work with discrete|sounds. It is identifying the |reader can quickly group words |other words their definitions. |and applying meaning from | |sounds in spoken |symbol of the letter with its |into groups and use the phonemic |This is a precursor to |personal experience or | |language.”(nhpirc.org) |sounds. |and phonic awareness to place |comprehension, single words are|understanding information which | | | |emphasis and punctuation |comprehended. |is factual. | | | |correctly...
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