...flight without any problems. But the modern world still experiences the hard ship of dealing with human factors that affect the pilot in control hindering decision making as well as the ability to act quicker resulting in accidents occurring. It is known that 70% of fatal accidents are related to human factors, of which 20% is fatigue. It is evident that fatigue is a major implement in accidents occurring with the loss of passengers and money in airlines, which is why they are a concern in the aviation industry. The question that most pilots have to face when they have been involved in an accident is whether the accident was caused by a human error or a mechanical failure, most being human errors and this essay will be based on the concept of fatigue as well the risks and management that can be supported to improve this human factor. There are two types of fatigue if it was to be categorised: Physical fatigue and mental fatigue. Physical fatigue is when the individual experiences lack of strength within himself, such as lifting objects where the muscles are fatigued. On the other hand, mental fatigue is to do with the mind not physically such as the level of consciousness decreases as time goes resulting in decrease in attention. This can be dangerous when a task that needs focus is required; pilots are the main victims to this. One of the causes of fatigue is the internal structures that humans have, called a biological clock. This affects the biological and psychological process...
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...our safety. The ideal product will be a car which can be simply given the destination and then allowed to safely pilot itself there without the need for any further human control. It is widely acknowledged that motor vehicle crashes are a leading preventable cause of death and injury. It is also commonly known that distractions, fatigue, and chemical impairment are the sources of many motor vehicle crashes. Self-driving cars can significantly reduce crashes, and the resulting death and injuries, from those three factors. Radios, billboards, and similar distractions have long diverted drivers’ attentions from the crucial task of focusing on the safe operation of the vehicle. Now technological advances such as cell phones, Wi-Fi, online videos and other similar sources also constantly vie for the attention of drivers. Self-driving cars allow the driver to amuse or busy themselves with whatever other task they need or want to attend to, while the car safely negotiates the journey on its own. Driving a vehicle is a task which is also well-known to be adversely affected by fatigue. As we try to cram more and more into each day, we tend to sacrifice sleep, leading to fatigue. Anyone who has had to stay up for too many hours for work, nursing an ill child, or studying, is keenly aware of the severe decline in attention, focus, and decision-making caused by fatigue. Similarly, those in certain businesses and those driving to visit far-flung relatives or go on vacation are often...
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...background conditions that have changed regulations in the aviation industry. In this essay we will cover this accident using the PEAR model to evaluate the accident. The first aspect we will evaluate of the accident is the people element of PEAR. The people element covers anyone involved or responsible for the accident as well as the factors affecting them. In the accident it was deemed that the captain was responsible for the accident, as the captain didn’t respond properly to the stick shaker which is an indicator that the plane could stall, his failure to monitor the plane's airspeed, as well I think it was the fault of the airline company and how they managed everything. Some of the other factors of the people part of pear is how they treated their pilots, overworking them, making them travel long distances from home which made adequate rest difficult, and just and overall difficult work environment. The next aspect of PEAR is environment, which deals with environmental considerations such as weather, lighting, other personnel and many other factors. In the Colgan air accident environment played the role with the weather conditions primarily. Before the crash the weather caused icing on the plane, and when this was combined with fatigued pilots, one being sick, as well as this all taking place during the critical stage of the flight. The environment that the company created made the pilots feel pressured, exhausted, and overall not fit to work. Another factor that made...
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...On March 24 1989 the tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground on Bligh Reef, Alaska, spilling just over 11 million gallons of crude oil, the largest oil spill until 2010. It is argued that the response was slow and inadequate and that safety was not properly followed by the staff at Exxon. In this essay we will look at the responsibility of this accident, and how implementing the main components of an ethical corporate culture, and a code of ethics could have helped to prevent such a tragedy from occurring. Many have speculated who was at fault for this horrendous accident. The National Transportation Safety Board even determined five possible causes for the grounding: 1) The third mate failed to properly move the vessel, potentially due to fatigue and excessive workload 2) The master failed to provide proper navigation, possibly due to intoxication 3) Exxon failed to supervise the master and provide sufficient crew for EV 4) The coast guard failed to provide effective traffic system 5) Effective pilot and escort services were lacking. However it is more likely a combination of all of those factors and the fact that an ethical corporate culture and a sound code of ethics were lacking that enabled all of the above to occur and a few more, which is really to blame for this tragic accident. Only eight months prior a meeting was held where it was determined that should a large oil spill, such as this, occur that they were not properly resourced, or experienced...
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...the use of UAVs has positively impacted many levels of military air support others would argue that UAVs have had a destructive effect. Evidence from sources will be compiled throughout this essay to explain the positive versus negative effects that the UAVs have and of the two effects have a larger reward for military purpose. According to American Scientist Larry Greenmeier , “ The September 11, 2001 attacks initiated an outbreak of advances in military technology over the past decade that has helped the U.S. and its allies redefine modern warfare”. UAVs have had a greater impact on America's missions in the Middle East than conventional aircraft. The following several ideas are what military specialist Dadney. B , Asymmetric Operations Fellow Robert Froust , congressional research associate Elizabeth Bone and congressional specialist in National Defense Christopher Bolkcom believe have lead to the military’s unprecedented levels of usage of UAVs instead of conventional aircraft throughout the last decade: the preservation of soldier life, unparalleled levels of infiltration, surveillance, unlimited time restraints, and instant speed processing power. Preservation of soldier life is the most important objective of safety in U.S military combat operations. In World War 1 (WW1), pilots had a typical life expectancy of several weeks while flying in combat, at least in the early part...
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...Health care providers may use placebos intentionally or unintentionally. When used intentionally, as in giving a sugar pill for pain or prescribing oral vitamins for fatigue, an element of deception is involved. The doctor does not believe the treatment is effective for the condition but believes it will be helpful for the patient because of the patient’s belief in the doctor’s prescription. This is an ethically compromised position regardless of the possible benefit to be derived and usually is not considered acceptable practice. Unintentionally, providers often create placebo responses just by their enthusiastic endorsement of and belief in a treatment. In this case, there is no deception, as the provider genuinely believes in the treatment...
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...The Fear in Aviation Maintenance Aircraft maintenance is arguably one of the best managed maintenance practices across different industries. Aircraft maintenance operations in the US are usually closely monitored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) which ensures that the maintenance practices are done in a proper manner. Despite this oversight, maintenance errors still occur and have been, on many occasions, stated as the main cause of aircraft accidents. Knowledge of the factors that contribute to maintenance errors and therefore aircraft accidents can go a long way in enabling the industry regulars to draft precautionary measures and safety protocols to reduce the occurrence of these accidents. I. Factors contributing to maintenance errors Human factors, management factors, and structure factors are the most common factors that contribute to errors during the maintenance of aircraft (Stolzer, Halford & Goglia, 2012). Of the three factors, human factors account for the majority maintenance errors and therefore majority of aircraft accidents. There are numerous factors that can directly or indirectly contribute to human factors in maintenance errors can be categorized into the three groups of individual factors, job factors and organizational factors. Individual factors are those capabilities and attributes of an individual that may cause the individual to commit an error. These factors include their habits, personal attitudes, skills, personalities and their competence...
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...Institute of Aviation Medicine, USA Chairman Board of Inquiry by Theo de Jager Essay Flight Safety 1980 - 1984 Survival and flight safety At the end of my pilot training in Canada, a Dutch classmate crashed because of a mistake that these days would be generally qualified as 'human factor'. Even then, already then, I felt a strong awareness of the importance of flight safety. I remember the slogan put into us during flying training: 'Today is your reward for yesterday's flight safety', a slogan that has stayed with me. There is always a choice between unavoidable and avoidable risks, between adequate self confidence and over confidence. Keeping moments in which margins have to be challenged because of operational requirements, as short as possible. Technical developments have made the aircraft the most reliable means, compared with any other form of transport. The majority of air accidents are now due to the unpredictable human factor. The possibility to study Flight Safety Management, Aircraft Accident Investigation and Aviation Physiology, gave me the opportunity to specialise into this aspect of aviation, after many years of experience as operational fighter pilot, followed by cargo- and passenger pilot, instructor and examiner. Aviation physiology Coincidental contact with the most senior physician at the Ministry of Defence,...
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...Hillenbrand, born on 15 May 1967 in Fairfax, Virginia is an American author of books and magazine articles. Hillenbrand spent much of her childhood riding bareback "screaming over the hills" of her father's Sharpsburg, Maryland, farm. A favorite of hers was ‘Come On Seabiscuit’, a 1963 children book. (b) Hillenbrand suffers from debilitating chronic fatigue syndrome, and remains largely confined to her home. On the irony of writing about physical paragons while being so incapacitated herself, She reportedly stated that she was looking for a way out of her dull home-bound life and she couldn’t have lived it physically, so she was going to have it intellectually. It was, therefore, an exhilarating experience for debilitated Hillenbrand to ride Seabiscuit in her imagination and it was just as fantastic to be there for her alongside Louie as he was breaking the NCAA mile record and with people at these historic moments in their lives – it was her way of living life vicariously. (c) She studied at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, but was forced to leave before graduation at the tender age of 19 when she contracted Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, which she has struggled with ever since. She now lives in Washington, D.C, and rarely leaves her house because of the condition. Hillenbrand...
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...“Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), otherwise known as drones, are remotely-controlled aircraft which may be armed with missiles and bombs for attack missions” (1). They can used by the military to spy on enemies, or just be armed with missiles or bombs. Over the years, the United States has caused deaths of innocent civilians with drones. A lot of countries have drones, and more countries are trying to get possession of drone technology. Some people are afraid of what will happen in the future if the use of drones keep increasing. People want drone use ended in the U.S. This essay is for those people. The truth is, using drones is a great idea, and the fact that people want them banned is ridiculous. Some people do not like drones because nowadays, they can come in different sizes. They can be so small that the person being spied on will not even notice. They see it as an invasion of privacy. But this is necessary because the victim of the drone spying would easily change his or her plans if aware of what was going on. Some could argue that drones tend to create fear, since anyone, including innocent people, can get killed by them, and hatred, by...
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...Social prescribing in general practice: adding meaning to medicine ‘There are few things we should keenly desire if we really knew what we wanted.’ Francois de la Rochefoucauld (French writer 1613–1680) Social prescribing is about expanding the range of options available to GP and patient as they grapple with a problem. Where that problem has its origins in socioeconomic deprivation or long-term psychosocial issues, it is easy for both patient and GP to feel overwhelmed and reluctant to open what could turn out to be a can of worms. Settling for a short-term medical fix may be pragmatic but can easily become a conspiracy of silence which confirms the underlying sense of defeat. Can or should we try to do more during the precious minutes of a GP consultation? Where there are psychosocial issues GPs do suggest social avenues, such as visiting a Citizens Advice Bureau for financial problems, or a dance class for exercise and loneliness, but without a supportive framework this tends to be a token action. The big picture difficulty with leaving underlying psychosocial problems largely hidden in the consulting room is the medicalisation of society’s ills. This ranges from using antidepressants for the misery of a difficult life, to the complex pharmaceutical regimes prescribed to patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. This sort of medicalisation may help immediate problems (including driving the economy through jobs in the healthcare industries) but it is not enough if our society...
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...1.0 Introduction AirAsia Group, a well-known low-cost airline around the Asia, which ownsby a parent company name “Tune Group”. This company was actually founded by “DRB-Hicom”, which is a company own by Malaysia’s government back in 20th December 1993 and started their operations on 18th November 1996. Unfortunately, the company’s performance not doing very well for few years until it was 2nd December 2001, the day that this airline taken over by Tony Fernandes, the CEO of Air Asia Group. Since then, Tony Fernandes performance was astonishing, he brought the airline back to life, and they even start making profits since year 2002 and launched their airline hubs in that particular year too. They even beat down their competitor which is used to monopoly Malaysia’s carrier service. Due to the extraordinary performance of the airline, they expanded their business in Thailand by placing a subsidiary at there. Now, we may easily found subsidiary airlines of AirAsia Group in India, Indonesia, Philippines, and even Japan. Their headquarters is currently located at Kuala Lumpur International Airport 2, Malaysia. At the year ended of 2014, there are more than 10,000 employees that still working within the organizations. Nature of business of AirAsia Group is simply focusing on providing low-cost airline services. But their values to the customers are, “Safety conscious, Caring, Passionate, Full of integrity, and Hardworking but keeping the Fun within.” Vision of AirAsia Group is...
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...Running Head: Assignment 5: CORPORATE CULTURE / LEADERSHIP ACTIONS FOR STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION Corporate Culture /Leadership Actions for Strategy Implementation By Rhonda Stanley A Paper Presented in Fulfillment of the Requirement for BUS599 Strategic Management Strayer University Professor Joel Nwagbaraocha September 9, 2010 1. Discuss the corporate culture at Southwest Airlines and how it leverages its culture to achieve a competitive advantage. Southwest Airlines was incorporated in Texas in June 18, 1971. Southwest started with only 3 Boeing 737 aircraft and they only serviced Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio. Today Southwest operates 541 Boeing 737 aircraft and they service 69 cities. Southwest became a major in the airline industry in 1989 when it exceeded the billion dollar mark in revenues. Southwest is the US most successful low fare high frequency airline. Southwest operates more than 3,510 flights a day coast to coast making it the largest US carrier based on domestic passenger carried. Southwest maintains the third largest passenger fleet of aircraft among all of the commercial airlines. According to the Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics Southwest carries more passengers than any other US airline. Southwest profitability business model led to a common trend called the Southwest Effect. The Southwest Effect...
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...items and test 2.5.2 Select items for the final version 2.5.3 Refine administration instructions and scoring procedures 2.5.4 Administer the final version 2.6 Technical evaluation and establishing norms 2.6.1 Establish validity and reliability 2.6.1.1 Reliability 2.6.1.2 Validity 2.6.2 Establish norms, set performance standards or cut-scores p 11 3 2.7 Publish and refine continuously p 15 2.7.1 Compile the test manual 2.7.2 Submit the measure for classification 2.7.3 Publish and market the measure 2.7.4 Revise and refine continuously 3. Evaluate a measure p 16 Section B 4. Steps in the adaptation of an assessment measure for cross-cultural application p 16 5. Conclusion p 18 6. References p 18 4 1. Introduction In the following essay in section A we are going to consider the process involved in developing a psychological assessment measure. We are going to discuss the steps that...
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...Throughout time, the term and understanding of management has been questioned, modified and tested. Today, management can be developed and placed nearly anywhere in a workplace and is essential in the efficiency and effectiveness of any company. From the early thoughts Sun Tzu, Scientists like Fredrick Winslow Taylor to the theories of Mcgregor; the true definition of management is not yet set in stone. This report’s goal is to study and describe the many definitions of management, try to comprehend the reasons for their individual differences and/or similarities and it will also observe business ethics throughout this evolution. The theory of scientific management was the creation of Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911, pg 7): ‘Management is an art of knowing what to do, when to do and see that it is done in the best and cheapest way’. The theory and its belief was that there is one best way to do a task and by using scientific methods that ‘one best way’ can be established. F.W Taylor ‘was the first to synthesize and systematize the best that was known about the management of men and to point out the techniques by which art might be advanced in the future’(Aitken,1960,p.35), thus showing that Taylor was ahead of his time with his thinking about management and understood that management was an art. Hoxie argued however, that “Scientific management, fully and properly applied inevitably tends to the constant breakdown of the established craft and craftsmanship and the constant...
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