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Plan Colombia

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El plan Colombia en el siglo XXI
Durante los últimos 50 años Colombia has sido un país que ha debido luchar fuertemente contra innumerables atentados por lo cual los colombianos se han mantenido sin sosiego. Su historia nos recuerda la incesante lucha de poderes que de alguna manera permitió el desarrollo de su conflictiva situación que hasta hoy en día no se resuelve. Las principales causas han sido los grupos armados que fueron creciendo mano a mano con el narcotráfico. De esta manera para el año 1998 bajo la presidencia de Andrés Pastrana es que se concreta un acuerdo con los Estados Unidos conocido como “Plan Colombia”. El plan Colombia ha producido varios efectos que han dado como resultado: conflictos armados, desplazamiento de la población y una marcada alianza con los Estados Unidos.
A Partir del plan Colombia se ha desatado los conflictos armados que si bien al principio no se veían resultados, actualmente ha permitido una reducción en los grupos violentos bajo un gran proceso de enfrentamiento con los diferentes frentes lo que ha logrado debilitar sus fuerzas mediante la desmovilización. Las estadísticas indican que desde el 7 de agosto de 2002 hasta la actualidad se han registrado alrededor de 20.732 casos de desmovilización cuyos datos son revelados por el (Pahs) o programa de Atención Humanitaria al Desmovilizado. (Desmovilizados,2009)

Por otro lado, se conoce que la reducción en los cultivos de hoja de coca, ya sea por fumigación o erradicación manual, fue de un 29%, lo cual afecto al 38% de la producción de cocaína. Este estudio fue realizado por el gobierno Estadounidense al finalizar el 2008, lo cual indica que se estaría limitando la producción y por lo tanto la distribución de droga en su país, por lo tanto aquello muestra que se estaría cumpliendo con uno de los objetivos del plan Colombia. (Cultivos de coca, 2009)
El efecto más visible del Plan Colombia es el desplazamiento de la población colombiana que huye del conflicto interno de su país (ver figura #1). Es así que el último informe del Codhes que es la “organización no gubernamental de Consultoría para los Derechos Humanos y el Desplazamiento” indica que por lo menos 4,9 millones de colombianos han tenido que trasladarse a otros departamentos (provincias) dentro de Colombia o salir definitivamente del país en los últimos 25años.(Codhes,2010).
Figura # 1

Benavides # 3
En efecto el plan Colombia no ha podido resolver los problemas socioeconómicos que deja una guerra civil, de esta manera muchas familias han tenido que abandonar sus tierras en busca de mejor porvenir. El desplazamiento en Colombia también es causado por un reclutamiento forzado a las fuerza del ejercito a los 18 años o a las fuerzas enemigas que según varios informes de los derechos humanos, que se han hecho por medio de entrevistas, muestran que existe reclutamiento de niños y niñas para la guerra, cuyas estadísticas exteriorizan que uno de cada cuatro combatientes de las fuerzas revolucionarias son menores de 18 años.(Alcaldía de Bogota,2005)
Durante los 11 años que se ha mantenido el plan Colombia este ha producido diferentes acuerdos con el gobierno de Estados Unidos. El financiamiento del plan Colombia en sí a significado desde 1999 una entrada de 2800 millones de dólares hasta el 2005 y actualmente entregan 700 millones anuales, mientras que otra parte ha tenido que ser financiado por el propio gobierno Colombiano a través de la creación de impuestos a la guerra. (Plan Colombia, 2007).
Hace pocos meses el presidente colombiano, Álvaro Uribe, firmó un acuerdo sobre unas bases militares americanas que operarían en Colombia. Esta noticia ratifica el vínculo que existe entre Estados Unidos y Colombia. Muy a parte del conflicto externo que creo en toda sur América, este convenio fue justificado por medio del “plan Colombia” ya que dichas bases servirían con el único objetivo de eliminar el narcotráfico y tratar de buscar la paz en este país.
En conclusión, el plan Colombia se ha mantenido por once años mediante el financiamiento de los Estados Unidos y del gobierno colombiano, a simple vista los resultados no son concretos debido a que si bien el conflicto armado a permitido reducir los grupos violentos y la cantidad de cultivos de coca han sido afectados por su fumigación o erradicación manual lo que de alguna manera permitiría frenar el narcotráfico pero también las cifras de la cantidad de desplazados revelan que Colombia aun le queda un largo camino por recorrer, si quiere definitivamente
Benavides # 4 superar sus conflictos internos y dejar de lado alianzas que le impiden ser un país independiente.

Referencias:
Alcaldía de Bogotá (2005. Extraído el 10 de febrero de 2010. Desde http://www.centromemoria.gov.co/reclutamiento-forzado-de-menores-de-edad Codhes (2010). Extraído el 9 de febrero de 2010. Desde http://es.noticias.yahoo.com/9/20100127/twl-colombia-registro-2-4-millones-de-de-e1e34ad.html Cultivos de coca (2009). Extraído el 9 de febrero de 2010. Desde http://www.radiosantafe.com/2009/11/07/eeuu-afirma-que-cultivos-de-coca-en-colombia-redujeron-un-29/ Desmovilizados (2009). Extraído el 9 de febrero de 2010. Desde http://www.desmovilizadoscolombia.org/detalle.php?id=958
Desplazados (2010). Extraído el 9 de febrero de 2010. Desde http://www.presidencia.gov.co/cne Figura # 1 (2008). Extraído el 9 de febrero de 2010. Desde http://plancol.blogspot.com/2009/06/plan-colombia-culpable-del-60-de-los.html Plan Colombia (2007). Extraído el 10 de febrero de 2010. Desde
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/latin_america/newsid_6616000/6616023.stm

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