...Political Science 330 March 23, 2014 Liberalism vs Socialism There have been many ways countries/colonies have been governed throughout history. Some forms of government were able to lead their people using peaceful means. Some were chaotic and involved massive bloodshed. Liberalism derived from the word liberty is a form of that has two forms, classical and modern. Classical liberalism heavily rooted from Jock Locke and Adam Smith of the seventeenth and eighteenth century. Modern liberalism introduced around the nineteenth century uses classical liberalism as a structured base with some modified theorists from Jane Adams and T. H. Green. Socialism introduced around the early nineteenth century is another form of government which is similar yet different than liberalism. Socialists deriving from the word society, believe in meeting basic needs of the entire society. Socialism has two types as well which include Marxism-Leninism and social democracy. Socialists and liberals share similar positions on many social issues such as civil rights, gay rights and gender equality. They oppose racism and sexism as well as keep religion out of the government. Both forms of government support Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, minimum wage as well as other laws and regulations aimed at helping poor and working people. Classical and modern liberalism differ in slight but significant ways. In classical liberalism, the people are more important than the state. The people have their own...
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...What is the ‘Georgian worldview’ and how has this concept influenced the archaeology of eighteenth-century North America? The ‘Georgian worldview’ is a theory that uses a study of cultural development to determine the thoughts of the eighteenth-century North Americans. It was initiated by James Deetz in his first edition of In Small Things Forgotten (1977). The term encapsulates Deetz’s structuralism-based idea that the evident alteration within English material culture and landscape design was more than a change in style, but a universal change in human consciousness—from medieval to modern—and this extended across the Atlantic despite the colony’s increasing political distance from the homeland (Deetz, 1996: 62-63; 2003: 221). Deetz believed that shared artefact form reflected shared thought (2003: 220). The theory has enabled historical archaeologists to recognise a distinctive shift in many areas of material culture which subsequently encouraged a succession of scholars to further this idea by posing key questions: why did the worldview develop, where else was a Georgian worldview visible, how did it present itself in areas outside New England? In the quest for answers to these questions, archaeologists have developed the concept which accordingly shaped interpretations of the material discoveries of eighteenth-century North America. Deetz’s model for the cultural development of New England illustrates that following an interval (1660-1760) of limited English...
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...UNIT 5: INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BUSINESS PLAN Set of documents prepared by a company’s management to review its operational and financial objectives for the future (usually one to three years) and to show how they will be achieved. It serves as a plan to guide the firm's policies and strategies, and is continually modified as conditions change and new opportunities and/or threats emerge. The business plan process is simply the steps you go through and actions you take when producing a business plan. In effect, it describes how you produce your business plan. While most people focus on the ‘final output’, i.e. the business plan itself, the business planning process is extremely important for entrepreneurs. PROCESS OF BUSINESS PLAN The process of producing a business plan forces entrepreneurs to examine areas of their business that typically may not be subject to much scrutiny. For example, entrepreneurs do not tend to routinely produce cash flow forecasts, so the requirement to produce one as part of the business planning process forces them to consider the impact of cash on their business. The business plan process typically begins with an event, be it the need to produce a business plan when seeking investment, or to obtain short-term financing from a bank. Once a business plan is needed, the entrepreneur has to then decide how they are going to go about producing the plan. They will need to undertake the following: 1. Decide who is going to write the plan (if not...
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...University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Business - Accounting & Finance Working Papers Faculty of Business 2005 Regulation as Accounting Theory M. Gaffikin University of Wollongong, gaffikin@uow.edu.au Publication Details This working paper was originally published as Gaffikin, M, Regulation as Accounting Theory, Accounting & Finance Working Paper 05/09, School of Accounting & Finance, University of Wollongong, 2005. Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: research-pubs@uow.edu.au 05/09 Regulation as Accounting Theory University of Wollongong Working Papers Series School of Accounting & Finance M J R Gaffikin School of Accounting & Finance University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia Tel +61 (2) 4221 3718 Fax +61 (2) 4221 4297 eMail george@uow.edu.au www.uow.edu.au/commerce/accy/ Regulation as Accounting Theory Michael Gaffikin Theories of regulation are discussed and compared. Some important issues relating to regulation as a substitute for research in creating theory as discussed. Over the years there have been many arguments and debates over the necessity for regulation. Those who believe in the efficacy of markets argue that regulation is not necessary as market forces will operate to best serve society and optimise the allocation of resources. However, there are many who point out...
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...There are two environment of marketing; the internal and external environments. your job as a marketer is to create effective flow of goods and services from the point of production to your consumers despite various controllable and uncontrollable forces that do militate for or against you while making profit for your organization. The external environment of marketing The external environment of marketing is comprises of those uncontrollable forces outside of your organization. These forces that can influence your business are uncontrollable because you do not have any control over them, but yet, you can respond and adapt to their treats and influences with your controllable mix element from your internal environment. The uncontrollable forces in the external environment are: Competition Government policies Natural forces social and cultural forces Demographic factors Technological changes (1) Competition: competition refers to the numbers of similar competitive product brands’ marketers in your industry, their size and market capitalizations. You as a marketer might not have direct influence on them, but it’s important that you monitor their activities, and then design effective strategies using your controllable variables. (2) Governmental policies: the government policies refers to the laws and legality that guilds the land, they go a long way to affect your business operations as a...
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...Differentiating Between Market Structures ECO/365 September 7, 2015 Differentiation Between Market Structure Market structure in economics is the quantity of organizations manufacturing duplicate products, which are similar as well in price. In the market, the performances of single organizations are critically swayed by market structure. Market structure consists of a Monopoly, Oligopoly, Monopolistic Competition, and Perfect Competition structure. These structures affect how market equilibrium is recognized. Monopoly: A monopoly is a firm that has no opponents in its business. It decreases output to increase revenue and increase profits. An example of monopoly is the U.S. Postal Services. Oligopoly: An oligopoly is an business with only a small number of organizations that can decrease the amount produced and increase revenues in the same manner a monopoly does. An example of Oligopoly is AT&T and T-Mobile. Monopolistic competition is an industry that covers numerous competing firms, which has a similar but somewhat different product. An example of monopolistic competition is wholesale retailers. Perfect Competition: Perfect competition: Perfect competition occurs the minute several small firms compete against each other. An example of a perfect competition is agricultural farms. History of Costco The entire history of Costco began with Sol Price and his son, Robert, opening the first Price Club warehouse on July 12, 1976 on Morena Boulevard in San Diego, California...
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...Title of Paper: Political Marketing and Social Media: A Case Story of Aam Aadmi Party Author 1: Dr. Sanjeev Prashar Professor – Marketing Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Old Dhamtari Road, Sejbahar Raipur-492015, Chhattisgarh (India) Ph: +91-9039039499 E-mail: dr.sanjeev.prashar@gmail.com Author 2: Raghu Vara Teja Thudi Student, Post-Graduate Program Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Old Dhamtari Road, Sejbahar Raipur-492015, Chhattisgarh (India) Ph: +91-8349501045 E-mail: teja.raghuvara@gmail.com Author 3: Abhishek Reddy K Student, Post-Graduate Program Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Old Dhamtari Road, Sejbahar Raipur-492015, Chhattisgarh (India) Ph: +91-8349501005 E-mail: abhishek.koleri@gmail.com Author 4: Abhishek Mukherjee Student, Post-Graduate Program Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Old Dhamtari Road, Sejbahar Raipur-492015, Chhattisgarh (India) Ph: +91-8349501004 E-mail: abhishek.mukherjee.one@gmail.com Political Marketing and Social Media: A Case Story of Aam Aadmi Party Dr. Sanjeev Prashar Professor Marketing, IIM Raipur Raghu Vara Teja Thudi Student, Post Graduate Program, IIM Raipur Abhishek Reddy Student, Post Graduate Program, IIM Raipur Abhishek Mukherjee Student, Post Graduate Program, IIM Raipur Abstract For the world’s...
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...Search and Seizure When it comes to Search and Seizure, allot of people think that law enforcement should not be allowed to search or seize property. I have heard many arguments against this subject, people stating that law enforcement officers go too far or have no right to search someone’s property such as their vehicle. Probable cause is more than a reasonable suspicion it requires that a combination of facts makes it more likely than not that items sought are where police believe them to be. In addition to establishing probable cause for a search, a warrant must contain the reasons for obtaining it, the names of people presenting the affidavits, what is specifically being sought and the signature of the judge issuing it. Search and seizure is the process used by law enforcement officers, who suspect that a crime is being or has been committed. Law enforcement officers search a person’s property and confiscate any evidence related to the crime. In situations where it would be unreasonable for a person to expect privacy, there is no search to justify, so no warrant is needed. Law enforcement officers make may kinds if searches, from crime scenes, suspects, dead bodies, vehicles, hotel rooms, apartments, homes and offices. Searching is a very important task in most criminal investigations because of the evidence that can be obtained. Probable cause is more than a reasonable suspicion it requires that a combination of facts makes it more than likely than not that items...
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...Globalization, Jobs, and Income 26 Globalization, Labor Policies, and the Environment 28 Globalization and,National Sovereignty 29 Globalization and the World's Poor 30 Managing in the Global Marketplace 31 Key Terms 33 Chapter Summary 33 Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions 34 Research Task 34 Closing Case: Legal Outsourcing 35 Introduction and Overview 2 Globalization 3 PART TWO Chapter Two Country Differences 36 National Differences in Political Economy 37 Opening Case: Ghana: An African Dynamo 37 Introduction 38 Political Systems 39 Collectivism and Individualism 39 Democracy and Totalitarianism 42 Economic Systems 44 Market Economy 44 Command Economy 45 Mixed Economy 45 Legal Systems 46 Different Legal Systems 46 Differences in Contract Law 47 Property Rights and Corruption 48 The Protection of Intellectual Property 51 Product Safety and Product Liability 53 Focus on Managerial Implications 54 Key Terms 55 Chapter Summary 55 Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions 55 Research Task 56 Closing Case:The Polish Surprise 56 Chapter Three Political Economy and Economic Development 59 b Opening Case: Who Makes the...
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...COMPANY PROFILE WHO WE ARE? has had it's ups and downs, its highs and lows and in a country where history is rich, it has stood the test of time, resurrecting itself time and time again, becoming a beacon, symbol and icon of modern Egypt. Founded in 1856, Omar Effendi was first christened Orosdi Bak, over the past century Omar Effendi has molded itself to match the needs of the Egyptian public, becoming more then icon in the country, becoming the primary brand for inexpensive quality goods. The first flagship store, which still stands today, on Abdel-Aziz Street, was originally built to cater to well-heeled foreign and Egyptian customers. Since then the company has gone through various transformations opening up over 60 branches throughout the start of the 1900's. Adolf Orosdi was a Hungarian army officer, who had found refuge in the Ottoman Empire, opened a first clothing store in Galata in 1855. With the Back family, of Austrian-Hungarian descent, Orosdi and his sons began establishing similar stores elsewhere, including Baghdad, Istanbul and Beirut. Some older Egyptians may still remember Orosdi-Back, that famous turn-of-the-century department store which early on added the Turkish-derived "Omar Effendi" to its name. The six-story rococo department store designed in 1905-6 by Raoul Brandon (1878-1941) stands at the corner of Abdelaziz and Rushdi Pasha Streets, a powerful architectural testimonial to Cairo till today. Orsodi Bak became Omar Effendi in 1920 when...
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...Research Notes and Comments A Bibliographical Essay on Decision Making IT has been said that administration is the critical organizational process, making possible production, procurement, and the rest; that leadership is the heart of administration; and that decision making is the key to leadership. Inherent in these statements are some remarkably accurate characterizations of current administrative theory. One thing they seem to imply is a coherence and a unity in administrative theory which do not seem to exist. When one attempts to assay the literature dealing with a concrete administrative process such as decision making, he discovers this. Divergent approaches to the study of decision making show that there are conflicting conceptions of its nature and function. And these probably are symptoms of a more fundamental conflict in contemporary administrative theory. Administration and leadership as foci for study have traditionally been the concern of historians, occasional novelists, and students of management, public and private. A generation ago these people had articulated a consistent, rather comprehensive conception of leadership, and especially administration. The Papers of Gulick and Urwick, for example, were regarded by many of us as a major conceptual achievement setting forth a twentieth-century theory of organization. Even as these ideas were gaining acceptance, however, the concepts that would replace them were emerging. After World War I, even before the ...
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...Iran is a country that is located in the Persian Gulf, Iran has a population of around 80 million, the large majority of whom (89%) are adherents of the Shi’a branch of Islam – the official religion which takes a predominant place even in politics. The real name of the country is Islamic republic of Iran and his capital Teheran. Geographically, Iran is taller than both France and Germany. Who has already heard about Iran recently? (levage de mains), why?? Good, as you may know, Iran is focus of actuality economic and politic. Through this presentation, we will answer two questions, First of all, we’ll see if Iran is key country and secondly, we’ll see the point of Iran as a threat to the peace of the world. Conflit interne Complex political strucure At the apex of the Islamic Republic’s power structure is a “Supreme Leader” who has vast formal powers and no term limits. Today it’s Ayatola Ali Khomeni. He is chosen by an elected body “the Assembly of Experts” which also has the constitutional power to remove bhim. He is responsible for “general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran”, which include all aspects of domestic and foreign policy. He exercises considerable authority. He controls all of the armed forces and the Islamic Republic’s intelligence and security operations. He alone can declare war and peace. Throughout (au cours) career, has consistently taken hardline stances on regional issues, particularly toward Israel, often calling it a cancerous tumor that needs...
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... Zara is the clothing retailer the best known as a brand of Spanish holding group Inditex (Industrias de Diseno Textil). First Zara store was opened in 1975,in Spain by Inditex father and founder Amancio Ortegas Gaona. It was first step and strong foundation to his success. Zara became most successful brand in fashion industry and it keeps growing and expanding constantly. There are 1721 Zara stores in 87 countries all over the world. All offer great catwalk fashion clothes for reasonable prices. The triumph of this brand has his root in the business corporate strategy which Inditex group applied and based all operation within a company. ‘Corporate strategy concerns all units of the business, covers its business philosophy and ideology, including a basic set of guidelines regarding its business. This guidelines my take into consideration industries and technologies, product and services, raw materials and employee’s skills , countries and geographical locations, market and customers, quality and prices , margins and value –added profits and cash flow, volume and sizes , governmental regulations and export opportunities, or any operationalization of the corporate vision. (Eli Segev, p4 ) Zara’s strategy represent blend of Old Economy and NewTone, mix of do it yourself action and outsource everything. (J. S. The New Yorker, Sept 18, 2000). It differs in all key activities in its supply chain and the new ways of fulfilling expectation of its customers. The brand...
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...Metro Cash & Carry A German Wholesaler’s foray into the Indian Markets Case Analysis Table of Contents S No. | Topic | Page No. | 1 | Introduction | 3 | 2 | China | 5 | 3 | China – Challenges | 5 | 4 | Russia | 6 | 5 | Russia – Challenges | 6 | 6 | India | 7 | 7 | India – Challenges | 8 | 8 | Recommendations | 9 | 9 | Conclusion | 9 | 10 | Appendix A | 10 | Introduction & Business Model The Metro Group is one of German’s largest trade and retail group player which. It is divided into four major business units: 1. Real/Extra - an everyday retail supermarket 2. Kaufhof - an up market department store chain 3. Media Market/Saturn - Europe’s leading electronics retail chain 4. Cash & Carry - wholesale distribution of goods The first ‘Metro Cash & Carry’ store opened in 1964 and it has been on an expansion route ever since. It initially sold only dry goods and then ventured into fresh goods & non-food items. Over a period of time, the product offerings increased leading to an increase in the customer segment. By 2003 they accounted for 240 Billion Euros of the total German wholesale market. Metro C&C worked differently than the traditional wholesale system where they sold food and non-food items in large warehouses on a cash basis. Their main customers were restaurants, bars, cafes, bakeries, SMEs and other food retailers. They issued electronic cards to the customer on the basis of which they...
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...A Participatory Approach to Curriculum Development by L. Van Crowder Agricultural Education Officer Extension, Education and Communication Service (SDRE) FAO Research, Extension and Training Division See also "Participatory curriculum development in practice: An experience at the Eastern Caribbean Institute for Agriculture and Forestry in Trinidad and Tobago". Introduction Participants at the 1991 FAO Expert Consultation on agricultural education observed that major new developments in world agriculture, advances in science and technology and changes in population and society require the "integration of academic learning and development tasks". It was recommended that institutional approaches to decision making incorporate "a more participatory approach to the planning process" and that "feedback from the users...in curriculum review and revision offers an effective way of keeping research and teaching relevant and interesting". It seems clear that agricultural education institutions need to foster their relationship to the development process through the integration of academic scholarship with development tasks, including national but especially local development tasks. The implication is that a wide range of stakeholders in local development should participate in the curriculum development process -- that curriculum development can be an important mechanism for integrating teaching and learning with local (and national) development needs and concerns. Curriculum...
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