...Keith Thorkildson Fall 2013 Humanities The Impact of WW1 and Freudian theories on Western Societies The twentieth century was a huge turning point for the entire world. Europeans were experiencing something that had never happened in their lifetimes before. Early in the twentieth century WW1 breaks out in Europe and a new way of looking at the human mind emerges. These events and people would really change cultures around the world. Beliefs in the Enlightenment would never be the same and modern day societies are still influenced at what was achieved and destroyed during this time. I am going to highlight the life of Sigmund Freud’s and how his theories impacted how we look at the human mind today. Then I will go over World War 1 and how it completely changed cultures of the west. Finally I will explain how WW1 and Sigmund Freud connected and changed western societies forever. Sigmund Freud was born in Freiberg, Moravia in 1856. There is not a lot of information on Sigmund Freud’s early life because he chose to keep it out of the public’s eye. “Little is known of Freud’s early life as he twice destroyed his personal paper, once in 1885 and again in 1907” (Psychologist, World). His personal papers were closely guarded in Sigmund Freud’s archives and only available to Ernest Jones his official biographer. Freud published countless theories that created a lot of controversy in his time and still in our modern world today. Sigmund published many works but most of them if not...
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...being refused the vote. Pressure groups like the Suffragists who were funded in 1897 to try and gain the vote for all women. In 1928 the introduction of the Representation of the People Act allowed women to finally equal as men in terms of the voting system. There were many reason to why women were given the vote, they include: the NUWSS, the WSPU, the Impact of WW1, Changing Society and Events in Other Counties. The suffragists did play a key role in female suffrage but many other factors must be considered to be equally important. The NUWSS, nicknamed the Suffragists, were formed in 1897 and led by Millicent Fawcett. The suffragists were mainly comprised of middle class and very few working class women; they had a member ship of just over 53,000. They used non-violent tactics such as marches, writing letters to the government, holding meeting and giving out free newspaper. These tactics had very little effect on the public as the government didn’t see them as a threat and they didn’t find women’s suffrage as an important issue, so they began to ignore them. Therefore women’s suffrage was gradually going down on the political agenda. The suffragists were realists as they recognised that only parliament could deliver the vote, so MP’s had to be persuaded. In this, they were successful as they got the attention of Labour MP’s Keir Hardie and George Lansbury, this gave the NUWSS someone willing to represent them and speak on their behalf in parliament for the first time ever in...
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...these factors where established in many of Europe's 'Great Powers' which consisted of; Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia. Many of the reasons as to why war broke out were built up over years and even decades thus, were long term causes. However, a handful of events occurred over a few months and years prior to the event, consequently were short term causes. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his pregnant wife, acted as a trigger that ultimately led to war breaking out. As a result of this T.F. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. The assassination gave Austria-Hungary the ideal excuse to declare war against Serbia. An ultimatum was issued to Serbia stating that it must agree to all the terms described in the ultimatum in order to avoid war. Austria-Hungary gave Serbia 48 hours to reply and clearly stated that all the terms must be met and complied with. Serbia agreed to all terms except one. WW1 had many countries involved but not all of them entered at the same time. There were three sides to choose from at the beginning of WW1. One option was the Central Powers which included; Germany and Austria-Hungary, and were later joined by Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire, who were neutral at first then joined at a later date. There were The Allies which were made up of; Great Britain, France, Belgium, Russia, Montenegro and Serbia. The Allies were later joined by Portugal, Italy, Greece and Romania who all left the neutral nations. The neutral...
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...responsible for its own downfall? The Provisional Government made many mistakes, such as their response to the Kornilov affair that ended in the Bolsheviks gaining arms and regard amongst the Russian people, which became disastrous for its popularity and effectiveness, and their decision to keep Russia in WW1 which had a domino effect of food shortages and unrest. The unrest and unsatisfaction theat the Provisional Government brought upon itself was the most influential factor for its downfall. However, let it not be forgotten that the task the Provisional Government had was a vast and difficult one, what with Russia being so large and diverse and the complications of theWar. Indeed, any organisation that attempted to recover Russia after the February revolution was almost doomed from the outset. Although, had the situation been handled more effectively by pertaining to the people’s desires: granting more land reforms, taking Russia out of the First World War, the Provisional Government may have been able to sidestep the challenges and pull Russia into a democracy. It was because of their lack of grasp on the situation that doomed them. Their lack of grasp was enhanced by their political situation and decisions; in particular the fact that they had a system of dual power with the Petrograd Soviet. This contributed to their downfall because although certain individuals acted as ‘bridges’ between the two governments, overall the two organisations could not agree because the Provisional...
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...over as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces during World War One. Russia was economically and socially ill-prepared for war and the effects and the outcome of the war had a devastating impact upon the Russian people. There had been a continual build-up of discontent towards the Tsar as a result of Russia’s failure in the Russo-Japanese War, the ‘Bloody Sunday’ massacre and the failure of the Duma. However, it was World War One that was the ultimate factor in which the people acted upon their discontent toward the Tsar. Nicholas Romanov was appointed the Tsar of Russia in 1894 after the premature death of his father, Alexander III. Nicholas was thrust into being the Tsar of Russia at an extremely fast pace and was faced with the task of modernising the biggest country in the world to keep pace with the other super powers in the world such as Germany, Britain and the United States. Nicholas did not have the best of relationships with the people of Russia. Russia’s defeats in the Russo-Japanese war damaged the Tsar’s relationship with the people of Russia. ‘Bloody Sunday’ and the 1905 Revolution which followed, the failure of the Dumas, and the relationship that Rasputin had with the Tsar and Tsarina all led to a deteriorating relationship between the Tsar and the Russian people. Coupled with this, revolutionary groups were seriously challenging the Tsar’s position in Russia. The climax in his rule of Russia was when the Tsar appointed himself Commander-in-Chief of the Russian...
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...why was Russia so difficult to govern? * Poor old fashioned agricultural methods * Bad economy not enough produce being made in good yield and quickly * Poor industrial levels * High levels of poverty poor living and working conditions and salary which led to unhappy public. * Russia was very big but there were no effective ways to transport resources around the countries * Poor communication methods * Russification why was there opposition to tsarist rule? * He was a weak tsar as he was primarily reluctant to taking over * Bloody Sunday * 1905 revolution * Failures of the Dumas * Social democratic party, octobrists, social revolutionaries- revolution through peasants * Ignorant and arrogant What was the impact of ww1 on tsarist Russia? * Lack of available infrastructure- basic facilities banks factories ect. * Poor leadership of generals and officers * Poor communication * Incompetent and overconfident officials * Inflation * Middle class discontented as their sons were dying at war * Large life cost why was there a Feb. rev in feb1917 * First WW put pressure on tsarist system * The weather was so bad so trains wouldn’t function and no import/export * Prices rose and rationing led to further discontent * Series of strikes * Famines and poverty getting worse * ARMY DESERTED THE TSAR WHERAS PRIOR TO THIS HE WAS SUPPORTED BY THEM I.E THROUGHOUT...
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...TO WHAT EXTENT DID WW1 CONTRIBUTE TO THE FALL OD THE ROMANOV DYNASTY? The three-hundred year Tsarist dynasty collapsed during the Russian Revolution of February 1917, following Tsar Nicholas II’s abdication on the 2nd March. However, whilst the Revolution spurred this on, short and long-term causes were important. Most important was Russia’s involvement in the First World War, in which they suffered around two million losses compared to the British Empire’s one million and suffered embarrassing defeats. Historians suggest that victory in the war depended on a nation’s military effectiveness, economic strength, administration, and political stability. These were all challenges which the tsarist government failed to meet and led to the tsar’s downfall. The argument that the First World War led to the downfall of tsardom is supported by the military unreadiness of the Russian army. This is including the poor conditions that soldiers fought in, shortages and the low self-confidence of soldiers. Russian soldiers particularly experienced terrible conditions at war, including weaponry shortages. Despite having the largest army of all the countries who fought in the war, Russia did not send many men in proportion to its entire population to the war. This proved to be a mistake as the army was not as strong as it could have been. As well as this, up until 1915, a quarter of those men that were sent to the front were unarmed and were instructed to simply pick up what they could...
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...Identification and Evaluation of Sources The process of obtaining a valid research paper requires a thorough investigation of online resources. Extensive research measuring the commitment of German dominance before World War I was gathered by evaluating backgrounds of authors and the reliability of their information. From gathering a variety of evidence of different perspectives, the extent of data was able to confirm the validity of my research question: How did German nationalism lead to World War I? The levity of German dominance before World War I had influenced the continuous opinion of most authors. On the other hand, those who disagreed with the statement were unable to be fully convinced of a more drastic situation. The impact of extreme nationalist efforts, threatening neighboring territories, and Kaiser Wilhelm’s reign had sparked the beginning of World War I. Sources selected to support the thesis were analyzed to the reputation of the website and the author. Identifying the origin...
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...AS Level History Russia 1855 – 1917 Alternative F Revision Guide Contents 1. Alexander II 2. Alexander III 3. Nicholas II 4. Stability of the Tsarist Regime 1905 - 14 5. Political Opposition 6. February / March Revolution 1917 7. October Revolution 1917 Tsar Alexander II To what extent does Tsar Alexander II deserve to be viewed as the Tsar Liberator? Think BALANCE!! Alexander II 1855-81 ▪ Came to the throne during the Crimean War (1855) ▪ Initiated a wide range of reforms (social, economic, administrative and legal) ▪ Earned the title ‘Liberator’ for giving freedom to the peasants BUT did not wish to share political power ▪ Assassinated by the People’s Will in 1881 Answering the key question |Introduction |Use this chart to answer any question on Alex II | | |All questions (whether relating to ‘Liberator’ or not) will require BALANCE | | |Precision of knowledge – “Detail is King!” | | |Yes |No | |Emancipation |Emancipation Committees set up |Redemption Payments...
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...THE GREAT WAR US History online 2/23/13 World War I is also known as The Great War. In our readings from our text book it concludes the cause of The Great War was directly due to the assassination of Austria’s Archduke Franz Ferdinand who was heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He and his wife were assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist Group who was bent on driving Austo-Hungarians from Serbia. (Schultz 2010) During that time period there were two major powers called the Allied Powers (France, Russia, and England) and the Central Powers (Germany, Turkey, and Austro-Hungarian Empire). Clearly with all of these alliances it was inevitable that a conflict between these countries. The assignation was the straw the brought the camel’s back and in turn started the war. The other issues that lead to this war however were Militarism, Nationalism, and Imperialism. Any of these qualities can strengthen a country but the combination of them can be deadly. “Militarism is the glorification of one’s military. It is the belief of a nation or its people to build and maintain a strong military, with the intention to use it whenever it is necessary.” (Brown) In essence Germany was big on militarism since they were known for their military. To be such a little country compared to England and France their military was phenomenal. Germany’s Navy more importantly, their U-boats, threatened England and forced them to concentrate on building their Navy up as well as France...
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...to under control only 10% of the African region and it was the period when Europe started to grab the African land by the 1914, around 90 percent of the African continent was under control of Europeans (The Creation, 2011). In Africa the Berlin conference played vital role in regulating colonization alongside the trade in the African regions. Similarly in the Asian region in subcontinent, the European Colonialism was established ant later on the imperialism was started in 1857 after the freedom war. The European colonialism gradually extend its control over the political powers that later on let the European regions to take control over the African and Asian Regions. After the 1870s, the European started to explore Africa with the industrial revolution that lend the European new ways to enter and new weapons to make its terror and till the 1914, it took control over ninety percent of the African region. This impact let the European to establish their...
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...Political origins and impact of Political Islam come from Quran and Sunna the habits of the Prophet and aspects of the political movements in other countries. Traditional political aspects of Islam compose of Shura which is based on consultation among subjects and it is also against the unjust rulers. During the Ottoman period Islam had spread throughout the world. The importance of Islamic law is that there is not enforcement against non-Muslim people. In this essay, I will explain the three concepts about Political Islam which is origins of Islam, Islamic states and impact of political Islam by giving specific examples from medieval and current Islamic thinkers and leaders. Introduction From the beginning, political movements of Islam...
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...for the fact that the masses mobilized to support these movements? Elaborate. Communism is founded by Karal Marx and Friedrich Engels. Communism is Classless society, government-less and automatic system based on the common ownership and social sameness. There is no one is rich or poor people in a communist system. It stands for a stateless society where all are equal. On the other hand, Fascism was founded in Italy by Benito Mussolini. Fascism is the glorification of the state and it considers state on top of everything; believes in nationalism where state control everything. Communism means state ownership and fascism means state control. Fascism became popular between 1919 and 1945. Communism became popular after the Revolution of Russia in 1917. Fascism began to rise in Europe directly following the First World War because there was a fear of Socialism. The first nation where fascism rose to power was in Italy with Mussolini and his government. He created this ideology as the exact opposite of socialism and the way to combat the rise of socialism. He saw the rise of the Soviet Union and was afraid that they would move across Europe to force communism. Fascism has the government supporting private business instead of the government . In the start of communism people believe that everyone should be the same and not classified by a certain class. Where in Fascism takes the views of karl Marks but use his writing for ones use, and believe that the nationalism is the...
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...How important were the activities of the Women’s suffrage movement in the decision to grant women to vote. On February the 6th 1918 women over the age of 30 who were householders or married to a householder were granted the vote in Britain. This came after 60 years of suffrage campaigns. The women’s suffrage campaign was a powerful political force by 1914. There were 56 suffrage groups and two main bodies, whom of which were national - The suffragists (NUWSS) and The Suffragettes (WSPU). This essay will analyse how far the women’s suffrage movement was responsible for women being granted the vote by comparing it to other important factors such as the changing attitudes towards women in society, the part played by women in the war effort 1914-1918 and the changes in other countries. It can be argued that the activities of the suffrage movement in the decision to grant the vote for women was a big factor but their war work perhaps had just as big a part to play and the changes in other countries perhaps also just as big an influence. Therefore it can be argued the women’s suffrage movement was important in the decision to grant women the vote. It is undeniable that the activities of the women’s suffrage movement in the decision to grant them the vote was important as they were always being spoken about and they were known nationwide. The two different groups had two completely different approaches to their cause. The campaigning methods of the NUWSS were ‘peaceful’ tactics whereas...
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...There are various articles in U.S. press, such as New York Times, telling the situation during those times, however, the materials are not available for general public, mainly because the Armenian Genocide has not been recognized yet, and releasing all that publishing would raise numerous questions and debates internationally. Almost daily the press would update the news on the massacres of Armenians. Australians have been aware of that event for exactly the same amount of time as has passed. This is one of the reasons why Australian community highly supports the recognition of the Armenian Genocide today. It seemed that The New York Times would cover frequently the massacre, however, as time went by, and political situations changed, American press shaded that question away from the people's view, which is why most Americans in the modern society have never heard of it, since they had never been educated on that subject. The New York Times would post daily updates on the murders and other terrible events that were going on in Western Armenia. Back in 1919 The New York Times was writing braver about the Genocide, and would tell the real story of what was happening. According to Associated Press's archive, Bishop H.H. Fout of...
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