...ANT 101 Final Exam Answers Buy Now From Below: http://www.homeworkarena.com/ant-101-final-timetest Question 1. Question : Your Final Research Paper will consist of two parts, which are Question 2. Question : Which of the following is an example of an etic statement about Americans? Question 3. Question : For your Final Research Paper, you will use an article by Miner entitled Body Ritual among the Nacirema. The following is a quotation from this article, “The Nacirema have an almost pathological horror of and fascination with the mouth, the condition of which is believed to have a supernatural influence on all social relationships. Were it not for the rituals of the mouth, they believe that their teeth would fall out, their gums bleed, their jaws shrink, their friends desert them, and their lovers reject them. They also believe that a strong relationship exists between oral and moral characteristics. For example, there is a ritual ablution of the mouth for children which is supposed to improve their moral fiber” (Miner, 1956, p.504). Question 4. Question : According to your textbook, “Contrary to a popular misconception in the West, homosexuality is not universally stigmatized. Based on the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample of 186 societies, Crapo (1995) found that only 31% of people stigmatized homosexual behavior, while the remainder either considered homosexual experimentation to be a normal developmental phase of preadult life (38%), accepted...
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...THE ECONOMICS OF POLYGAMY Amyra Shechtman Grossbard, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA INTRODUCTION Polygamy can take the form of polyandry (several men share a woman) or of polygyny (a man marries several women). The latter form is more common, as nearly all sub-Saharan and most Muslim countries permit it. In parts of sub-Saharan Africa, as many as 35% of married men are polygynous (Dorjahn, 1959), so that the majority of the population participates in a polygynous household at some time. This paper uses economic theory to offer insights into the determinants of polygamy. Since I will try to establish some correspondence between theory and facts around the world, the focus will be on the more common type of plural marriage, polygyny. The theory developed in the first section is based on Becker's economics of marriage. Although anthropologists (for instance, Goldschmidt, 1974) and sociologists (for instance, Rosenthal, 1970) have previously used the concept of marriage market, they have not developed the theoretical implications of Research in Population Economics, Vol. 2, pages 321-350 Copyright © 1980 by JAI Press Inc. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. ISBN: 0-89232-125-3 32i . 322 AMYRA SHECHTMAN GROSS BARD that concept to the extent that Becker has in his "A Theory of Marriage . .. This paper expands on Becker's analysis of polygamy both in theory and in empirical work . An extensive review of cross-cultural evidence, largely based...
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...maxwell nana addi research methods November 25, 2014 Introduction The earliest relationships among humans were certainly those between men and women, who came together and produced children. In the earliest days, such a relationship began to be called “marriage.” In the Judeo-Christian tradition, based on the book of Genesis, marriage began in the garden of Eden when God made one woman, Eve, out of one man, Adam. Marriage has been explained differently by various cultures throughout history as to whether or not it should be monogamous or polygamous. Scholars explain this in different ways. W. Schmidt’s theory asserts that marriage began as monogamy and decayed into polygamy later on. The opposite thesis of this theory is that of J.J. Bachofen. Bachofen argued that marriage began as a random selection of a partner subsequently leading to polygamy and group marriages. From group marriages, marriage moved to monogamy. These two views show the two different poles of understanding about the origin of marriage: as either monogamous or polygamous. On the other hand, Köstenberger and Jones argue that placing too much premium on the freedom of man has led to a decay in the understanding of marriage. They state that “many hail the decline of the biblical-traditional model of marriage and the family and its replacement by new competing moralities as major progress.” This paper will focus on monogamy as the ideal example of marriage from creation. Also, the paper will make a case for...
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...It can benefit the family members as well. There are multiple factors that can influence whether being in a polygamous family is advantageous or detrimental to those family members. The reasons behind polygamous marriage are examined as well. The marriage practice known as polygamy is viewed many different ways in different societies. In societies such as our own, polygamy is seen as a taboo that is not widely understood or accepted. In fact, in the United States polygamy is not legal and polygamous marriages are not recognized. Polygamy is a general term that refers to the two types of polygamous marriages. Polygyny refers to the marriage of one man to two or more women, which is the type of polygamous marriage this paper will cover. Polyandry refers to a rare type of marriage in which one woman marries two or more men. Some other societies view polygamy as an acceptable and sometimes necessary form of marriage. One of these societies is the Bedouin-Arabs in Israel, where polygamous marriages are common. These polygamous families are Muslim. The Islamic faith encourages men to have two or more wives if they can sufficiently support them (Al-Krenawi & Graham, 2006). Islamic faith also implies that there is great strength in blood bonds over any other types of bonds (Lev-Wiesel & Al-Krenawi, 2000). Often, parents arrange these marriages. They are based on a trade (Al-Krenawi, Graham, & Izzeldin, 2001). This demonstrates the hierarchical order maintained...
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...CHAPTER 2 Multi-Bonding: Polygamy, Polygyny, Polyamory Defining and Identifying Multi-bonding Non-monogamous relationships can take any number of forms, including, but not limited to, serial pair-bonding (known most frequently as serial monogamy), polygamy, polyandry, communal living, and “open” pair-bondings, where sexual or sexual-emotional relationships outside of the primary one are tolerated to a greater or lesser degree (cf. Robinson, 1997). Polygyny has been defined as “the marriage of a man to two or more women at the same time” (Moorehead, 1991: 311), or the “practice of plural marriage” (Altman and Ginat, 1996: 3). The term polygamy has also been used synonymously with polygyny, although it could also be used to encompass polyandry (Welch and Glick, 1981). Polyandry refers to the marriage of one woman to two or more husbands, while polygynandry contemplates a situation in which two or more women are simultaneously married to two or more men (Al-Krenawi, Graham, and Slonim-Nevo, 2002). Polygynandry has also been used to refer to group marriage (Anon., 2004). The term informal polygamy has been used to describe relationships characterized by the simultaneous existence of a legal marriage of one man to one woman and an affair with a second woman that has become a stable feature of the family structure (Rivett and Street, 1993). In contrast, polyamory refers to “group marriage” or the existence of one or more sexual 27 28 • Multi-Bonding: Polygamy...
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...CHAPTER 2 Multi-Bonding: Polygamy, Polygyny, Polyamory Defining and Identifying Multi-bonding Non-monogamous relationships can take any number of forms, including, but not limited to, serial pair-bonding (known most frequently as serial monogamy), polygamy, polyandry, communal living, and “open” pair-bondings, where sexual or sexual-emotional relationships outside of the primary one are tolerated to a greater or lesser degree (cf. Robinson, 1997). Polygyny has been defined as “the marriage of a man to two or more women at the same time” (Moorehead, 1991: 311), or the “practice of plural marriage” (Altman and Ginat, 1996: 3). The term polygamy has also been used synonymously with polygyny, although it could also be used to encompass polyandry (Welch and Glick, 1981). Polyandry refers to the marriage of one woman to two or more husbands, while polygynandry contemplates a situation in which two or more women are simultaneously married to two or more men (Al-Krenawi, Graham, and Slonim-Nevo, 2002). Polygynandry has also been used to refer to group marriage (Anon., 2004). The term informal polygamy has been used to describe relationships characterized by the simultaneous existence of a legal marriage of one man to one woman and an affair with a second woman that has become a stable feature of the family structure (Rivett and Street, 1993). In contrast, polyamory refers to “group marriage” or the existence of one or more sexual 27 28 • Multi-Bonding: Polygamy, Polygyny,...
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...marriage to more than one spouse simultaneously. Historically, polygamy has been practiced as polygyny, meaning one man having more than one wife; or as polyandry, meaning one woman having more than one husband. In sociobiology, polygamy is used in a broad sense to mean any form of multiple mating. In a narrower sense, used by zoologists, polygamy includes a pair bond, perhaps temporary. Polygamy as stated earlier is the situation in which one man is either married to or involved in sexual relationships with a number of different women at one time (Magubane, 2003). This was the most common form of polygamy practiced by Mormons in the 19th century, and practiced today by self-identified fundamentalist offshoots (West and Jean, 2002). Polygamy existed all over Africa as an aspect of culture or religion. Plural marriages have been more common than not in the history of Africa. Many African societies saw children as a form of wealth thus the more children a family had the more powerful it was. Polygamy was and still is thought of as a part of empire building. It was only during the colonial era that plural marriage was perceived as taboo. Esther Stanford, an African focused lawyer states, “this decline was encouraged because the issues of property ownership conflicted with European colonial interest” (Douglas, 2006). This paper discusses polygamy in its entirety and how African women are affected by it. It explores social, emotional, psychological and physiological components...
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...Death Due to Dowry - A Legal Analysis SOCIOLOGY By : RASHMI NAIK TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CASES 3 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 7 CHAPTER I: DEFINING DOWRY IN LEGAL TERMS. 9 CHAPTER II: SOCIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DOWRY AND LEGAL ANALYSIS.. 13 CHAPTER III: IS DOWRY DEATH DECLINING? 19 CONCLUSION 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY 23 TABLE OF CASES 1. Dwarkadas shrinivas v. Sholapur Spinning and Weaving Co. 2. K. Prema S. Rao v. Yadla Srinivasa Rao,. 3. Kunju Moideen v. Sayed mohd. 4. Paniben (Smt), v. State of Gujarat. 5. Smt. Shanti and Another v State of Haryana. 6. The Collector of Bombay v. Nusserwanji Rattanji Mistri and others. 7. V. Jhadav v. Shankarrao Abasaheb pawar and others. 8. Samir Samanta v.The State, 9. Gurditta Singh v. The State Of Rajasthan, 10. Shamnsaheb M Multani v. State of Karnataka 11. Pawan Kumar v. State of Haryana 12. Ashok Kumar v. State of Rajasthan 13. Kundula Bala Subrahmanyam and Another v. State of Andhra Pradesh TABLE OF AUTHORITIES 1. Dowry prohibition Act, 1961. 2. Indian Evidence Act, 1872. 3. Indian Penal Code, 1860. INTRODUCTION Dowry death is an important topic in a country like India, which has given shame to this country. In the past centuries, women were generally abused exploited and discarded and were denied social, economic and political justice. Dowry is one among the cruel social practices practiced in India. Dowry is an issue in which women’s...
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...weighs human actions or inactions on a moral scale to determine whether the action is morally good or morally bad. Thomas Hobbes on ethics explained it as the science of “virtue and vice.”1 Morality and ethics cannot be divorced. Morality is the basis of ethics, the latter is the explicit reflection on, and the systematic study of the former (Joseph Omoregbe 1993 p.3)2. How then do we decide what is morally right? Is it based on universal laws or divine instructions? Are laws truly universal? If they are not, how then can the rightness or wrongness of culturally divergent societies be determined? Philosophers agree and disagree in varied proportions on answers to these questions. It is normal if you disagree too. For the purpose of this paper, an attempt will be made to look into the concept of ethical relativism, its importance and areas of deviation from ethical absolutism. History of Ethical Relativism Though moral relativism did not become a prominent topic in philosophy or elsewhere until the twentieth century, it has ancient origins. In the classical Greek world, both the historian Herodotus and the sophist Protagoras appeared to endorse some form of relativism. The early Sophist Greek philosopher Protagoras provides an early philosophical precursor to modern Moral Relativism in his assertion that "man is the measure of all things". The Greek historian Herodotus (c. 484 - 420 B.C.) observed that each society typically regards its own belief system and way of doing things...
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...CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO HOMOSEXUALITY 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I. BIBLE AND HOMOSEXUALITY 1. Biblical View of Sexuality 2. Old Testament on Homosexuality 2a. Stories of Sodom and Gibeah 2b. Levitical Texts 3. New Testament on Homosexuality 3a. Paul’s Statements in Romans 3b. Other Pauline Texts II. BIOLOGY AND HOMOSEXUALITY III. LAW AND HOMOSEXUALITY IV. CHURCH AND THE HOMOSEXUAL CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY 2 INTRODUCTION On 2nd July 2009, in a landmark judgement, the Delhi High Court struck down the provision of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code which criminalised consensual sexual acts of adults in private, holding that it violated the fundamental right of life and liberty and the right to equality as guaranteed in the Constitution. Pronouncing the order in Naz Foundation (India) Trust v. Government of NCT, Delhi and Others, Writ Petition (Civil) No. 7455 of 2001, a division bench of Chief Justice A.P Shah and Justice S. Murlidhar said “We declare that Section 377 IPC, insofar it criminalizes consensual sexual acts of adults in private, is violative of Articles 21, 14 and 15 of the Constitution.” While gay-rights movements...
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...American Oriental Society http://www.jstor.org/stable/604266 . Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . American Oriental Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the American Oriental Society. http://www.jstor.org THE YOUNG WIFE AND HER HUSBAND'S BROTHER: RGVEDA 10.40.2 AND 10.85.44 M. B. EMENEAU and B. A. VAN NOOTEN UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Textual problems are presented by devikdmd in the marriage verses RV 10.85.44 and AV 14.2.1718; problems of interpretation are presented by these verses and also by the occurrence of devf- in RV 10.40.2. These problems we hope we have solved, or at least eased, by consideration of the social structure involved in the niyoga institution described in the smrti texts, the similar custom seen in many communities in present-day North India, and the related 'jesting relationship' described for roughly the same communities (and others). Chronological problems are discussed, especially the establishment...
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..."Why is Sex Fun? is the best book on the subject I've read. This lively exploration of our sexual heritage offers fascinating reading for anyone curious about why lovers do what they do." -Diane Ackerman, author of A Natural History of the Senses "I am so jealous of Jared Diamond, for he writes with such an elegant simplicity! Here, he takes a loot at the endlessly fascinating topic of human sexuality His convincing arguments should persuade xm that there are very special reasons why we evolved to use sex for recreation as well as for procreatim whereas most other mammals are denied that pleasure.... It is a great little book, by one of the worlds foremost biological philosophers." -ROGER Shohl Professor of Physiology Monash University Australia "Once again Jared Diamond provides us with answers to questions we may never have stopped to ask, but wish we had. In this long essay Diamond explains that recreational sex, while not unique to humans, is a rare behavior in the animal world. Above all, we learn, sexual activity divorced fron procreation is not only part of what it is to be human, but the very crux of our evolutionary success." -Bettyaxn Kevles. author of Naked to the Bonn Medical Imaging in the Twentieth Centnty The Science Masters Series is a global publishing vonture consisting of original science books written by leading scientists and published by a worldwide team of twenty-six publishers assembled by John Brockman. The series was conceived by Anthony Cheetham of Orion...
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...GENDER RELATIONS AND DIVORCE AMONG THE ELITES A CASE STUDY OF GULU MUNICIPALITY BY HENRY EGYEYU ABSTRACT This study is aimed at establishing the relationship between Gender relations and Divorce such that possible approaches are sought to mitigate them. The study set out to assess the sex-differentiated impact of divorce, which are normally part of family life. These include changes in residences by children to accommodate changes in their relationships with their parents, changes in parental employment, remarriage, and stepfamily formation still; most children suffer from declining father. The study found that such changes affect individuals within households differently. Some lose while others gain. Women, however, have been singled out as the most affected. Changes in marriage and divorce laws and policies have further affected individual household members in different ways that is, children live in many different family forms, but the most common pattern is that they live with their mothers and have less contact with their fathers. As a result, a common alteration that children are forced to make is an adjustment to life without their father at home. Most children share time between the mother's household and the father's household, and families are creative in finding ways for children to maintain meaningful relationships with both parents involvement after divorce The conflicts over ownership of...
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...William Jankowiak, Kevin N. Laland, Lisa E. Musselman, Judith H. Langlois, Lori A. Roggman, Daniel Pérusse, Barbara Schweder, and Donald Symons This article is available at DigitalCommons@USU: http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/fchd_facpub/602 Sexual Selection, Physical Attractiveness, and Facial Neoteny: Cross-cultural Evidence and Implications [and Comments and Reply] Author(s): Doug Jones, C. Loring Brace, William Jankowiak, Kevin N. Laland, Lisa E. Musselman, Judith H. Langlois, Lori A. Roggman, Daniel Pérusse, Barbara Schweder, Donald Symons Reviewed work(s): Source: Current Anthropology, Vol. 36, No. 5 (Dec., 1995), pp. 723-748 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2744016 . Accessed:...
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...ANTHROPOLOGY 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Queens College / CUNY, Spring 2015 TuTh 12:15-1:30PM, Kiely 150 Professor: Ramona Lee Pérez, PhD Email: ramona.perez@qc.cuny.edu Office hours: Th 2-3 PM, PH 315H COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is an introduction to the range of human diversity through an exploration of the peoples of the world. We will cover the basic concepts, theories, and methods that anthropologists use to study variations in cultural norms and social practices, economic systems and rules of law, social organization and patterns of inequality, identity and worldview, and patterns of social and cultural change. Focusing on the culture concept and the method of ethnography, we begin with the historical foundations of anthropology and then follow its attempts to understand contemporary human cultures. Comparative analysis of multiple ethnographic case studies and major theoretical approaches illuminates the range of human diversity, the forces that shape cultures, and how people adapt to a rapidly changing modern world. The central objectives of this course are to develop your intellectual skills, your cross-cultural fluency, and your sense of civic and moral engagement in global society. I hope that this course inspires many of you to become anthropology majors or minors, and grants each of you an anthropological perspective on your own life. REQUIREMENTS This is an intensive course that requires full participation from every student...
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