...all have spatial differences, which are called proxemics. I believe that proxemics helps us understand that there is a difference of appropriate and inappropriate touching. Space is the core connection of the Expectancy Violation Theory. Space has relevance to Expectation Violation Theory not only because the theory is rooted in proxemics, but also because it has direct application to the distances previously discussed (West & Turner, 2010). Let’s explore how individual “personal space” within conversations varies with cultures, friends, and strangers as it is predicted and or explained by the expectancy violations theory. The texts states according to Burgoon, can be defined as an invisible, variable volume of space surrounding an individual which defines that individual’s preferred distance from others”.(p130) With that said anthropologist Edward Hall proposed that an individual’s surrounding space is divided into four different ranges of special distances called Proxemics Zones. These zones are as follows: Intimate distance, Personal distance, Social distance, and Public distance. Approriate behavior is associated within each of the proxemics zones. Let’s focus and elaborate on one specific proxemics, the intimate distance. Why? My opinion is that this proxemics set the ultimate level of comfort allowed by individual. The intimate distance ranges from zero to eighteen inches. Behavior associated with this zone are being able to touch a person or being close...
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...display such as artifacts, chronomics, haptics, kinesics, proxemics, and silence/time. We will discuss each of these so as to get a better insight on the nonverbal communication techniques in Brazil. * Artifacts - The result of conscious management of general appearance, dress and physical surroundings. They are considered material objects that are an extension of one’s self. Clothing has the power to influence. Brazilians emphasizes in the artifacts as triggers of a conversation, or also as impediments by the time to have a good conversation. * Chronomics – This refers to how time is used to communicate. In Brazilian business culture this point is essential. This concept is related with managing time, the delays in appointment times and the lack of planning in the management of the time. * Haptics - Refers to all the elements related with corporal touching during conversations. Handshakes, hugs and kisses are associated to this topic. In Brazil these actions are very common in the business environment. * Kinesics – This is the study of body language and how people preserve it. More specifically, it involves facial expressions, eye contact, body language, gestures, and physical appearance. Brazilians appreciate the eye to eye contact as a manner to show respect, they use different gesticulations during conversations and this is a peculiar custom of their culture. * Proxemics - This element relates all the components of the physical position...
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...The Cultural Influences on the Interpretation of Non-verbal Communication “The most important thing in communication is hearing what isn’t said” (Peter F. Drucker, n.d.). Non-verbal communication is the key aspect of communication as a way of sending and receiving messages in various ways without the use of words/verbal codes, be it intentional or unintentional. These wordless cues comes from our non-verbal behaviours; body movement, gestures, eye contact, personal space etc. (Richard Nordquist, n.d.). Although words are usually used to express our thoughts, we still convey most of the meaning through nonverbal codes. The world’s vast cultural diversity influences the way each culture interprets these non-verbal messages whereby a non-verbal expression is considered to be fine at one place but not at another. Touching perspectives are culturally determined as each culture has a clear view on when and where one may touch or not. In year 2009, as the First Lady of the United States briefly laid her hand on the back of Queen Elizabeth II at a reception, it sparked a global debate as etiquette is stern about this matter as rules are set in stone regarding one’s touch towards the queen (NYDailynews.com, 2009). In the United States, handshakes are common even towards strangers while hugs and kisses are exchanged between the opposite gender in the family or close acquaintance. Another example would be an African-American male who came across a Korean female...
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...Demonstrative Communication Do actions speak louder than words? They most certainly do, even during a simple conversation, how we act is just as important as what we say. Communication occurs on many levels which convey emotions and attitudes. What is actually spoken during the course of a conversation accounts for only about 7% of what is communicated (Miller, 1988) Dr. John Francis a well renowned activist earned an Undergraduate, Masters, and a Doctoral degree during a 17 year vow of silence. This single amazing feat epitomizes the “actions speak louder than words” proverb that so many parents iterate to their children every day. Demonstrative communication is an endless amount of subtle and obvious gestures, eye movements, proximities and inflections which are both culture specific and universal. These types of non-verbal interaction are classified into many different categories. This essay will discuss some of the most obvious forms of nonverbal interaction and show how they can be both effective and ineffective forms of communication. Kinesics refers to a person’s body language, how they stand, gesture, and their facial expressions. “The posture we assume can convey the interest we have in the speaker, the speaker’s topic, and the situation.” (Troester, Mester, & Sargant, 2007) How a person stands can communicate how they feel, standing with arms crossed with their weight on one foot while the other is forward slightly tapping the ground can show a feeling of impatience...
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...Proxemics in Interview Process Proxemics can be described as the study of nonverbal communication based on the spatial distances between individuals, as they interact. This term was coined by Edward T. Hall in 1962. He made numerous interviews/studies, in which, he concluded that there are certain spatial distances in which human beings react differently. Hall proceeded to define the personal spaces that surround individuals, as follows: “Intimate space—the closest "bubble" of space surrounding a person. Entry into this space is acceptable only for the closest friends and intimates. Social and consultative spaces—the spaces in which people feel comfortable conducting routine social interactions with acquaintances as well as strangers. Public space—the area of space beyond which people will perceive interactions as impersonal and relatively anonymous” (Brown, n.d., para. 3). Criminal investigators are aware of this technique and also apply proxemics during interview/interrogation process. “Interviews probably start off in the social space; asking the suspect simple information” (“Interrogation Techniques using Proxemics”, 2011, para. 1). Beginning the interview in the social space allows the investigator to ask general questions, however when interrogating the suspect it is advisable to move in closer to the suspect. As the investigator continues with the interview, moving in on the suspect’s intimate space will make it uncomfortable for the suspect to be dishonest...
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...Nonverbal Rule Assignment University of Maryland University College, Europe Abstract “Nonverbal communication is composed of all those messages that people exchange beyond the words themselves.” (p. 53) Often one does not realize how much of an impact that can come from not engaging in conversation with the inclusion of nonverbal communication. If verbal and nonverbal communication are used together it creates a complementing relationship that shows we are actively listening and showing interest. The purpose of this paper is to show a time when I broke a nonverbal rule. The topics being addressed are the nonverbal rule I broke, the reaction of how it affected the speaker, and how I felt about the conversation and breaking the rule. The paper will also show highlights and concepts of nonverbal communication and its importance. Keywords: nonverbal communication, complementing relationship, conflicting relationship When we are talking among others we sometimes forget that our nonverbal communication can hold just as much meaning as verbal communication. With the knowledge that nonverbal communication is very important, we must also realize that often times nonverbal signs vary based on where we are in the world. We must pay close attention to the culture that we are in to ensure we do not offend anybody. Often times we don’t realize that we may be breaking these nonverbal rules, and how they affect not only ourselves, but also the people around us. Today I am going...
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...conversation, or also as impediments by the time to have a good conversation. Chronomics is other important concept within Brazilian business culture. This concept is related with managing time, the delays in appointment times and the lack of planning in the management of the time. Haptics refers to all the elements related with corporal touching during conversations. Handshakes, hugs and kisses are associated to this topic and in Brazil these actions are very common in the business environment. Kinesics involves the study of the body language and how people perceive it. Brazilians appreciate the eye to eye contact as a manner to show respect, they use different gesticulations during conversations and this is a peculiar custom of their culture. Proxemics relates all the components of the physical position or space. Brazilians do not take care of proximity during conversations. They can be really close as conversations and that is not a problem in their country. Finally, silence and time expresses the study of the time and expressions made by people during speeches or communications. Many persons can talk at the same time and this is not considered as rude or disrespectful in Brazil. 2. In general, are men or women more skilled in perceiving and acting on nonverbal messages? Women are more skilled in...
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...Counseling consist of more than just asking a client “how they are feeling” or “can you tell me more about that.” There are many factors that play a role in a good counselor. Many times a counselor can find out the most information about a client by simply being quiet and using nonverbal communication. Every counseling session is made up of open-ended questions, close-ended questions, and active listening. Although, all sessions use these types of skills, they can differ depending on the type of session. In individual counseling, the counselor is solely focused on the client in the room. The main goal in individual counseling is to let that client know they are being heard. Ivey (2012) states, “ Attending and giving clients talk-time demonstrates that you truly want to hear their story and major concerns.” Having good eye contact during individual sessions helps that client relax and see that you are really interested in what they have to say. The counselor might use nonverbal communication in individual sessions as a way to discover what direction the client is going in during conversation. The counselor being silent gives the client a chance to think about what they are saying without the counselor having to point it out for them. The counselor could use reframing in individual counseling by asking open-ended questions to see how the client interprets what they have just said. In individual sessions, the counselor only has to discuss how one person views what is being...
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...A therapeutic nurse-patient relationship is defined as a HELPINGrelationship that's based on mutual trust and respect, the nurturing of faith and hope, being sensitive to self and others, and assisting with the gratification of your patient's physical, emotional, and spiritual needs through your knowledge and skill. This caring relationship develops when you and your patient come together in the moment, which results in harmony and healing.1 Effective verbal and nonverbal COMMUNICATION is an important part of the nurse-patient interaction, as well as providing care in a manner that enables your patient to be an equal partner in achieving wellness.2Here are some tips to consider: * Introduce yourself to your patient and use her name while talking with her. A handshake at your initial meeting is often a good way to quickly establish trust and respect. Figure. No caption a... Image Tools * Make sure your patient has privacy when you provide care. Be sure that her basic needs are met, including relieving pain or other sources of discomfort. * Actively listen to your patient. Make sure you understand her concerns by restating what she has verbalized. For example, "Mrs. Smith, you mentioned that you were concerned that your BONE PAIN won't be addressed in a timely manner?" However, don't use restating too much in a conversation because it can be perceived by your patient that you aren't really listening to her. Be real, showing your genuine self when communicating with her. * Maintain...
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...Communication studies * Distinctions between communications and communication. * The benefits of human communication studies of symbolic activity: Symbolic activity enables people to understand, connect with, and influence each other. 1: Reveal how symbolic activity enables people to understand and learn from each other, producing growth in intelligence and maturity. 2: Reveal how symbolic activity enables people to connect and relate with each other, creating relationships, groups, organizations, and cultures. 3: Reveal how symbolic activity enables people to influence and impact each other, affecting changes in perceptions, beliefs, values, attitudes, and actions. 1:揭示象征性的活动让人们理解和互相学习,生产增长智慧和成熟度。 2:揭示象征性的活动使人们之间的沟通和联系,建立关系,团体,组织,和文化。 3:揭示象征性的活动使人们互相影响和影响,影响认知的变化,信仰,价值观,态度和行为。 Communication competence * Relationship between fundamental human needs and human communication: * Nature of communication competence components: * Four prerequisite factors for competence communication- knowledge and skill; passion and compassion. * Two subsequent outcomes of competent communication- appropriateness and effectiveness. * 沟通能力 * ➢人类基本需求和人类交流之间的关系: * ➢自然的沟通能力组件: * 四个先决条件因素能力沟通——知识和技能;热情和同情。 * 两个主管沟通后续的结果——适当性和有效性。沟通能力 Communication ethics 沟通伦理 * Three communication characteristics necessitating ethical communication [unavoidable 不可避免的 irrevocable 不可撤销的consequential 间接的] * Distinctions between ethicality and legality...
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...communication, verbal communication encompasses any form of communication involving words that are spoken, written or indicated using sign language. The conversation we have with family, friends, neighbors or co-workers is a form of verbal communication. The ability to communicate with a language that is based on an organized system of words, rather than merely sounds, is what sets humans apart from any other species. Not only do we have language, but we also have the technology that enables us to communicate with one another no matter the physical distance. Verbal communication coexists alongside non-verbal communication, which can affect people’s perceptions and exchanges in subtle but significant ways. Non-verbal communication, (Kinesics and Proxemics), includes body language, such as gestures, facial expressions, eye contact and posture. Touch is one of the most popular non-verbal communication that not only indicates what a person feels or level of comfort, but also illustrates personality characteristics as well. A firm handshake indicates something very different than a timid handshake. Another form of non-verbal communication maybe the sound of someone’s voice, including pitch, tone and volume. Excitement, fear, sarcasm and mockery can be detected in someone’s voice. Clothing we wear and the way people organize and decorate living space or office area are also forms of non-verbal communication as well. Design and color choices may often persuade others to form judgements about...
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...1- Public speaking features communication between a speaker and an audience. The speaker does the talking while the audience listens. It is important to recognize how the audience is reacting when the speaker is delivering the message to make adjustments as needed. Public speaking is audience centered. Message is centered to the needs and interest of the audience. It is important to keep in mind the audience interest and needs. Public speaking emphasizes the spoken word. A combination of gestures, postures, voice intonation, eye contact and other body language will have impact on the speech. Public speaking is usually a prepared presentation. The speech is planned and executed before the actual presentation. 2- The difference between hearing and listening is that when we listen, we are paying attention to the speaker and we are receiving the intended message, when we are hearing, we are not focusing on the intended message. Some techniques used to improved listening skills are filtering out distractions, focusing on the speaker(s), and showing that you are paying attention, this is called interactive listening. This skill is particularly relevant, because both speaker and audience can convey and understand the information. Paying attention to the audience can help the speaker on modifying the tone of voice, the rate of speed or some other aspect of the delivery method. 3- Methods for delivering oral presentation; Reading from a manuscript; This method is used...
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...assignment, I did not fully understand a few critical communication concepts and principles, such as the ambiguities of non-verbal human behavior, kinesics, proxemics and the process of self-disclosure, among others. But, most likely, from now on, I will be able to engage in different types of conversations that can be more rewarding for my interlocutors and myself. As the years have gone by, I have been noticing that I increasingly listen more carefully not only to what people say and how they say it, but also, to what people do not say, knowingly or not. May be I have been growing older and/or have been learning from my personal experiences. Since, there have been occasions in which my limited ability to read the non-verbal content of what people were “telling” me, did not allow me to achieve what I had initially intended. For instance, a few years ago, when I was beginning to sale life insurance on a part time basis, I lost numerous sales because I could not always discern what the client’s non-verbal behavior was signaling or showing me throughout the sale’s presentation. In time, by trial and error, I learned to perceive and react more appropriately, to what my prospective clients were communicating non-verbally. However, If I had understood, at that time, what I understand now about the subtleties of kinesics and proxemics, I probably would have been a more effective and prosperous salesman. Likewise, the process and management of self-disclosure explained in the textbook has...
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...Ryan Rothstein Nonverbal Communications 308 Paper One: Personal Space Personal space plays a major role in our daily interactions with people, and can affect our conversations that we have with one another. For this assignment I chose to work with my roommate, Yale Mendelson, to test out the different lengths of distance between each other to carry out a conversation. The three different distances that I chose was down the hall from each other (approximately 8 feet), face to face (approximately 1.5 feet), and face to face with less than a half of foot between our faces. All three of these distances brought about different reactions between the two of us and showed differences in conversation at each distance. The first distance was the furthest, we began our conversation, I had to speak very loudly, almost a yell, to begin our interaction. I could tell right away that Yale was uncomfortable with this because he is not very outgoing and we were bringing some attention to ourselves. The hall way was not empty so as we were talking back and forth to each other I noticed that we both had to use hand gestures and certain body language cues to help the other realize what they were saying. This setting was definitely difficult for us to have a normal, personal conversation. This distance left for a very broad interaction that was not able to ever become very personal. The next distance that we used to interact with each other was the face to face at about 1 to 2 feet...
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...Chapter 7 Case 1 1. What kinds of limitations do you see for users of telepresence? Is it really a substitute for face-to-face meetings? Make a list of features of face-to-face meetings. Then consider a range of business situations as an employee, from initial hire, to working with a team, to understanding what your boss wants, and even a termination meeting. How would telepresence work for you in these situations? Face to face meetings have eye contact, spatial orientation (sounds come from the direction of speakers), and non-verbal gestures (body movements) are visible. The technology is reliable and easy to use. On the face of it, tele-presence would seem to be lacking the kind of personal warmth (or heat) of a face-to-face meeting. Eye contact is difficult even though you can see eyes move on screen; in large screen versions, non-verbal communication might be possible, but not in smaller screen versions. At the least, people’s expectations of a “business relationship” will change from personal contact to “telescreen” contact. However, these tele-relationships might be perfect satisfactory for business purposes. 2. What are the business benefits of telepresence described in these videos? What is the benefit of a hologram? Benefits predicted in the videos include strategic communications solution; productivity gains; decreased time to market; building stronger relationships with customers, suppliers, and partners; reduce geographical limitations;...
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