...Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Joe Johnson PSY/250 February 2, 2015 Anne Snyder Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment As psychoanalytical schools of thought have developed over the years, a number of different approaches have emerged that have shaped and formed the administration of psychotherapy. While each differs in their approach to the end result, they share a common goal to help nurture the wellbeing of an individual, both consciously and unconsciously. Where some build an experimental relationship, others will use dialogue and speech to establish a rapport, or focus specifically on improving overall mental health of the patient. (Bouchard et al., 2001) While effectiveness normally requires the treatment to be fitted to the specific psychological problem for the patient, some debate remains on which is the best possible course of action for each. There are three primary psychoanalytical theories commonly applied to psychotherapy, which are respectively attributed to Freud, Jung, and Adler. (McCrae, 2011) This paper attempts to compare and contract the three different theories and provide the stages of Freud’s theory along with three uses of Freudian defense mechanisms. Psychoanalytic Theory, Three Schools of Thought Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is based on the collected works and studies of Sigmund Freud, for whom the theories are named. Most of the base theories developed by Dr. Freud were expanded and split into different schools...
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...Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Shaun Watson PSY/250 December 7, 2013 Dr. Stephanie Lyncheski Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment In this essay I will examine the theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler. Briefly touching on some characteristics of these theories with two that I agree with and then two of which I disagree with. I will also attempt to describe the stages of Freud’s theory and explain some of the characteristics of personality using some of Freud’s components. Lastly I will describe three of Freudian’s defense mechanisms with some real life examples. To start off Jung had different beliefs than Freud in that Jung believed that dreams could reveal different aspects of a person besides aggression and sexuality. Jung also believed that a person’s dreams also revealed archetypical material, creativity and a drive toward individualization. Jung also believed that dreams revealed materials from the personal unconscious and collective conscious. This being the source of archetypes. With Jung’s approach to someone’s dream interpretation this involved amplification, asking the dreamer to focus on symbols and provide associations with many particular symbols. Freud used associations to have the dreamer create chains of associations. These dream symbols could be or represent a person in the dreamer’s life or as part of the person psyche. Using amplification this style was used as a way to explore the dreamers feelings connected to the dream images. This would also...
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...Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment PSY/250 Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Over seventy years after his death, Dr. Sigmund Freud is still considered possibly the greatest psychologist who ever lived. Freud had many followers. Two of the most significant followers, Carl Jung and Alfred Adler later join forces with Freud. The trio has been referred to as, The Three Wise Men. In the following text, I will be discussing the differences and similarities of the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler. I will be discussing a couple of examples of traits adopted from each the theories of these wise men that I agree and disagree with. I will also be discussing the stages of Freud’s theory and characteristics of such. Lastly, I will give three examples of Freudian type defense mechanisms used in every day life scenarios. Freud's innovative treatment method is based off of his own theories of interpretation. In the year of 1900, Alfred Adler, an MD with a curious eye for psychology and the nature of human beings, met Freud in Vienna at a medical conference. Freud shared his most current theories the unconscious mind and how humans dream. During the psychoanalytic movement, most people shared a common, open hostility toward Freud's radical ideas. Adler, on the other hand, could recognize the amazing quality of Freud's first book, The Interpretation of Dreams. In the article, he forced people to open their eyes and be cautious about Freud’s...
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...One psychoanalytic theory that I believe would impact and benefit Lester would be the Cognitive Behavioral Theory. The reason being is helping Lester learn to manage many of the symptoms related to his perhaps PTSD, would greatly assist in his coping mechanisms and hopefully help to decrease the hypervigilance, mistrust, and agitation. I also believe if Lester became more aware of his feelings, thoughts, and behaviors, he may be able to reflect and realize what may be triggers and set goals to combat the emotions felt when dealing with police. As an African American man, being discriminated and targeted has major effects on encounters with police. The Cognitive Behavioral Theory can hopefully allow Lester to better understand how his symptoms...
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...Antwone Fisher The focus of this paper is on psychodynamic (intergenerational and psychoanalytic) family therapies; and how these concepts apply to helping the protagonist in the major motion picture Antwone Fisher overcome traumatic incidents he experienced during his childhood and adolescent years, as well as help him to manage his current anger issues. Psychodynamics, in its broadest sense, is an approach to the study of human behavior that emphasizes the study and use of the psychological forces that underlie human behavior, feelings and emotions; how they relate to early childhood experiences . . . (Sher & Sher, 2015). Intergenerational and psychoanalytic family therapies can be described as an approach to the study of how a person’s maladaptive behavior is influenced by unresolved issues within the family dynamics and multigenerational processes. Psychodynamic (intergenerational and psychoanalytic) family therapies apply to the protagonist in the major motion picture Antwone Fisher because of the traumatic incidents he experienced during his childhood and adolescent years: childhood physical, sexual, and mental abuse; neglect and abandonment; death, grief, and loss; repressed emotions, identity and self-worth issues, interpersonal relationships, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These concepts also apply to Antwone because of current rage/anger issues he is exhibiting. According to the Association for Advanced Training in the Behavioral Sciences (2015...
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...Paper name Psy 360 your name Instructor date Freud and Jung: Early Psychoanalytic Theories Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung were two influential theorists in psychology (Nystul, M., 2005). Freud was considered the father of psychology and believed that human behavior was the result of unconscious conflict deep in the mind of individuals (Nystul, M., 2005). Jung’s theory developed directly out of Freud’s psychoanalytic approach; however he refuted several of Freud’s key points and placed an even greater emphasis on the unconscious. Freud and Jung were the key figures of the psychoanalytic approach to psychology; however their theories differed on several key points (Nystul, M., 2005). Freud’s psychoanalytic theory was the seed for many subsequent theorists’ work. His main assertion was that human behavior and personality derived from the unconscious conflict that arose in individuals’ unconscious (Fayek, 2005). He postulated that the unconscious was a combination of the id, which was the primal drive for all human needs (e.g., sex, hunger), the superego, which could be likened to the internalization of societal values and standards (e.g., the conscience), and the moderating ego that was the rational part of thought that controlled the impulses of the id and superego. Anxiety arose when individuals were confronted with fears of danger within reality (Shill, 2004). Neurotic anxiety occurred when individuals were confronted with dangers that arose in childhood, and can be connected...
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...Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Sigmund Freud, is said to be one of the greatest Psychologist of all times. Although he has a different outlook on understanding how people act is quite intriguing. In comparison and contrast the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler are very different and unique. However, Freud, Jung, and Adler are not at all alike. Freud based most psychological things on sexuality. Jung, promoted the concept of archetypes, and Adler believed in the “will power” theory Adler also believed that fundamentally, human beings are self-determined. Freud is big on self-consciousness; Jung said “the aim of life is to know oneself, and to know one is to plumb the depths of the inchoate seas of not only the personal unconscious but the collective unconscious as well.” Adler stated that “individual psychology based on the idea of the indivisibility of one’s personality.” Freud, Jung, and Adler became fast friends through their avid interest in psychology. Alfred Adler, a medical doctor with a deep interest in psychology and human nature, met Freud in their native Vienna in 1900 at a medical conference where Freud presented his new theories about dreams and the unconscious. Freud met Jung and after a mega- meeting of thirteen hours of discussion, became cohorts in spreading the wonder of psychoanalysis (Bridle & Edlestein, 2000, Spring/Summer). Alfred Adler and Carl Jung liked Freud’s definitions of id, ego, and superego, but had no interest in the sexual...
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...Paper name Psy 360 your name Instructor date Freud and Jung: Early Psychoanalytic Theories Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung were two influential theorists in psychology (Nystul, M., 2005). Freud was considered the father of psychology and believed that human behavior was the result of unconscious conflict deep in the mind of individuals (Nystul, M., 2005). Jung’s theory developed directly out of Freud’s psychoanalytic approach; however he refuted several of Freud’s key points and placed an even greater emphasis on the unconscious. Freud and Jung were the key figures of the psychoanalytic approach to psychology; however their theories differed on several key points (Nystul, M., 2005). Freud’s psychoanalytic theory was the seed for many subsequent theorists’ work. His main assertion was that human behavior and personality derived from the unconscious conflict that arose in individuals’ unconscious (Fayek, 2005). He postulated that the unconscious was a combination of the id, which was the primal drive for all human needs (e.g., sex, hunger), the superego, which could be likened to the internalization of societal values and standards (e.g., the conscience), and the moderating ego that was the rational part of thought that controlled the impulses of the id and superego. Anxiety arose when individuals were confronted with fears of danger within reality (Shill, 2004). Neurotic anxiety occurred when individuals were confronted with dangers that arose in childhood, and can be connected...
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...Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment In an attempt to understand the human psyche as it relates to personality, theorists such as Sigmund Freud, Carl G. Jung, and Alfred Adler all developed their theories to describe personality. To better understand the mentioned theorist’s beliefs it is necessary to compare and contrast the various psychoanalytic theories characteristics as well as to make mention of the portions that are agreeable or disagreeable. Also, the stages of Sigmund Freud's theory and Freudian defense mechanisms will be conversed. Comparison and Contrast of Psychoanalytical Theories Freud, Jung, and Adler psychoanalytic theories were all created with the purpose to explain the development of personality. Freud’s beliefs about personality were that it was developed through various stages using erogenous zones. If any of the phases of development were unsuccessful, the individual would have personality issues in adulthood. Jung, on the other hand, did agree with Freud about a person’s past experiences playing a role in future behavior. However, he believed that a person's aspirations also played a role in their behavior (Mcleod, 2013) His theory identified an ego, personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. The ego is one's sense of who they are. The unconscious are thoughts that a person is not aware of, and the collective unconscious contains universal emotional symbols that make the person a part of society. Alfred Adler, on the other hand, opposed...
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...Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Psychology of Personality The late Sigmund Freud implemented the theory of psychoanalytic. In Freud’s study he concluded that unconscious desires and childhood instances influences individual behaviors. Also, in his studies he concluded that these behaviors were caused by psychosexual stages. Today, his theories are still being used for current studies, however, other psychologist believe that his theories may have been flawed. Carl Jung concluded that the mind is separated into three components that consist of the collective unconscious, the conscious ego, and the personal unconscious. Alfred Adler used his illness to implement the psychoanalytic theories in which he provided greater detail in examples. The two characteristics that I agree with are structure of mind and reality principle. The structure of mind refers to ID, Ego, and Superego. All three components are suppose to work together in order for a person to have a well developed mind however, the ID and superego have a hard time working together. The ID is made of what a person needs. For an example, as an infant they become upset or uncomfortable and act off of instinct. They will cry out in discomfort. If kept in discomfort they will cry out louder to get the attention of someone so that a need is met. The Ego is a more advanced portion of the mind and it compromises. The Ego understands that not everything will go the way in which we want it to go so it works with...
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...with others, what motivates them, and what they value. Our personality measures are among the most widely cited, highly regarded, and innovative assessments of normal-range personality. For use with normal and clinical populations, these measures are also used in a variety of settings, from career planning and marital counseling to leadership development and employment selection. THE MEASUREMENT OF PERSONALITY It should be pointed out that the various methods of assessing personality correspond closely to the basic personality theories we have just discussed. Personality Research Form The PRF is one of the most highly regarded measures of normal-range personality available. It is also one of the most highly cited psychological assessments, having been referenced 2000 times in research literature. Measuring Personality: Various Approaches Including Self-Report, Behavioral, and Projective Tests Self-report measures rely on the individual's personal responses. Some of the more widely used personality self-report measures Behavioral measures focus on behavior itself, rather than traits or other underlying factors. Projective measures are founded in psychoanalytic theories of personality and involve using ambiguous stimuli to reveal inner aspects of an individual's personality. Projective measures are founded in psychoanalytic theories of personality and involve using ambiguous stimuli to reveal inner aspects of an individual's personality....
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...individual psychoanalytic therapy on perinatal depressive symptoms. A group of 40 women presenting depressive symptoms (treatment group) participated in a four-session intervention called ‘Psychotherapy centered on parenthood (PCP)’. It consists in two antenatal and two postnatal sessions and is focused on changing problematic representations of parenthood. This treatment group was compared to a control group of 88 women without depressive symptoms and following the usual obstetrical care. Measures Used Edinburgh postnatal depression scale: The EPDS is a questionnaire widely used to measure depressive symptoms during the perinatal period. According to Murray and Carothers (1990), the EPDS is a reliable method to identify depressive mothers (sensitivity 81.1 % with a limit at 12.5). Dépistage antenatal de la dépression postnatale It contains six items: four concern psychological aspects (blaming oneself, difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep, feeling lonely, feeling that others do not understand you or are unsympathetic); two items refer to somatic issues (itching and lower back pain). Global Assessment Functioning The GAF is a numeric scale included in the DSM-IV generally used by mental health clinicians and physicians to rate the social, occupational, and psychological functioning of adults. The scale value ranges from 1 (hypothetically sickest person) to 100 (hypothetically healthiest person). Parent–infant relationship global assessment scale ...
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...schools of thought that have been influential to our understanding of psychology. The first would be structuralism and functionalism. William Wundt was a man in which many referred to as the father of psychology. He was affiliated with Edward Titchener, an American psychologist who studied under Willam Wundt. William enjoyed studying the consciousness of people. His focus was based on trying to reduce the mental process down to the most basic of elements. Together they had identified the elements in the sensation of taste: sweet, sour, salty and bitter. William Wundt considered humans to be “emotional creatures” and assumed that all mental activities involved emotion, which preceded cognition.(Speilberger, Charles D (2006) Cross cultural assessment of emotional states and personality Vol. 11(4), p297-303) Tragically, after the death of Edward Titchener in 1927, the influence of structuralism had started to fade. Functionalism on the other hand consisted of the interviewing, testing and observation of one person for an extended period of time. This helps for the psychologist to depict a person’s development as well as reaction to different circumstances. The next school of thought would be behaviorism. This is the portion of psychology in which therapists describe how our actions are all based upon cognitions that...
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...Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Arnette M. Brown Psychology of Personality PSY/250 August 2, 2010 Mark Shen Introduction The psychoanalytic view holds that there are inner forces outside of your awareness that are directing your behavior. Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler influenced psychology and psychiatry with their psychoanalytic theories leaving a big impact on modern psychology. As the writer I will compare and contrast the theories of these three gentlemen and decide which of these theories in which I agree and which of these theories I do not agree with. I will also describe the stages of Freud’s theory and explain characteristics of personality using these components. I will explore the uses of Freudian defense mechanisms using real-life examples. Many pioneering concepts were proposed by these men and attempts are still being made to prove their theories. These men changed the world with their theories of the human mind. Freud, Jung, and Adler believed that parenting and childhood development played a large role in the shaping of a personality and all three men believed that dreams and daydreams played an important role as well. Another similarity in each of their beliefs was the impact that the unconscious mind played in psychoanalytic analysis. Freud’s work is now the most recognized and most heavily cited in all of psychology and referenced in humanities as well. Freud put a lot of emphasis on sexuality...
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...distinctions that contribute to variety in human thought and behavior (Feist & Feist, 2009). To enable more precise understandings of such differences and distinctions, psychological theorists develop explanations and parameters from various contexts. Psychoanalytic, humanistic and/or existential, dispositional, and learning theories help psychologists account for why and how people develop such individual and specific characteristics. They study these characteristics and the significant affects that the characteristics have on human development, as well as, the whole of human nature. Personality Defined According to Feist,& Feist (2009) personality is a global concept referring to a relatively permanent pattern of traits, dispositions, or characteristics that give some degree of consistency to a person’s behavior. Feist & Feist (2009) also wrote "Although no single definition is acceptable to all personality theorists, we can say that personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person's behavior."(Feist and Feist, 2009) There are many different theories of personality which can be grouped into one of four classes: traits, psychoanalytic, social learning, and humanistic personality. At the begining an individual needs to understand exactly what is meant when viewing the term “personality”. The word personality itself stems from the Latin word persona, which referred to...
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