...years crime has gotten better many don’t think so because many have their own meaning of what should be a crime. The Criminal justice system keeps crime under control from my point of view. Some crimes are plan and some are not. People commit crimes due to different circumstances. Some people get a thrill out of committing crimes and those are the people that most likely commit more than one crime. There are many theories of why crimes are committed. Behavioral Theory, Cognitive Theory and Psychodynamic Theory are three of the many theories of why people think that crimes are committed. Behavioral Theory, Cognitive Theory and Psychodynamic Theory are psychological views of cause of crime. They all describes the mentally reasons why a person commits a crime. The following theories describes that a person younger life might has some kind of impact of their violent lives. All of the theories see human actions based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person, particularly unconscious and between the different structures of the personality....
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...Review of the Roots of Youth Violence: Literature Reviews Volume 5, Chapter 2: Psychological Theories The issue of human violence is also a major topic within the academic discipline of psychology. As biosocial theorists do, psychologists focus on how individual characteristics may interact with the social environment to produce a violent event. However, rather than focus on the biological basis of crime, psychologists focus on how mental processes impact individual propensities for violence. Psychologists are often interested in the association between learning, intelligence, and personality and aggressive behaviour. In this section of the report, we briefly review some of the major psychological perspectives that have attempted to explain violent behaviour. These perspectives include the psychodynamic perspective, behavioural theory, cognitive theory and personality theory. We will also explore the possible relationship between mental illness and violence. The Psychodynamic Perspective The psychodynamic perspective is largely based on the groundbreaking ideas of Sigmund Freud. A detailed discussion of Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis is beyond the scope of this report. It is sufficient to note that Freud thought that human behaviour, including violent behaviour, was the product of “unconscious” forces operating within a person’s mind. Freud also felt that early childhood experiences had a profound impact on adolescent and adult behaviour. Freud, for example, believed that conflicts...
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...The three theories that I have chosen are behavioral, psychodynamic, and latent trait theory. The first theory which is behavioral is another way of saying psychological theory that views behavior as learned through interactions with others. One sub- branch of behavioral theory of particular relevance to criminology is social learning theory. Social learning theory human is the view that human behavior is learned through observation of human social interactions, either directly from that in close proximity or indirectly from the media. Social learning theorist also concluded that the antisocial behavior of potentially violent people can be triggered by a number of different influences such as: verbal taunts and threats; the experience of direct pain; and perceptions of relative social disability, such as poverty and racial discrimination. The second theory is psychodynamic which is the creation of Viennese physician Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), still holds a prominent position in psychological thought. The psychodynamic view shows that some people encounter problems during their early development that causes an imbalance in their personality. Some have mood disorders and are extremely anxious, fearful, and impulsive. Theorists believe that law violators have suffered damage to their personalities early in their development and that this damage renders them powerless to control their impulses. Latent trait theories hold that human development is controlled by master trait present...
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...Individual Theories By: Eleanore Krzeminski CJS/240 Michelle Wilson Eleanore Krzeminski When dealing with the adolescents we must think about how the life in which they have grown up with has in fact affected them in any way. Some adolescents have lived abusive lives with only one parent. Some of the younger children have been in situations that one would never dream of. There are many different reasons why some adolescents choose to commit crimes and why some of them choose to live the life that is not full of crimes. Even though most have been in similar circumstances each still have the choice of life. We often think of those who commit crimes as a person who makes stupid choices. However, one must sit down and think about all perspectives that an adolescent has had to deal with in a lifetime. There are three theories that result in criminal behavior. In this paper I will discuss the following theories; behavioral, neurological and psychodynamic. The behavioral theory is a sense of individuals who in fact learn by observing how other people react to their behaviors. This could be due to past experiences that the adolescents have had to deal with and overcome. Also, living a life where rewards and punishments were a big deal in the household. For example we reward our children if they eat all of their dinner we choose to give them desert. This is a reward in which is deserved when doing what was told to do. However if the food is not gone the child makes that choice...
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...confidence, shyness, optimism, pessimism, happiness and depression. Pavlov’s theory of learning is called classic conditioning. In his work with dogs, he attaches monitors to the dog’s mouths and stomachs so he could look at the production rate of saliva so that he could understand their digestive systems. During his work one of his assistants brought some food into the room and Pavlov saw that the dog began to salivate. Until then salivations was believed to be a reflex response and didn’t occur until the food entered the mouth and touched the tongue. Pavlov suggested the dog’s reaction was because he was due to his learned association that the laboratory assistant as the response of salivation was linked to the food and salivation is not a learned response Pavlov referred this as unconditioned response (UR). Because the reaction was caused by the food he referred to this as an unconditioned stimulus (US). To test this theory Pavlov gave the dog food whilst ringing a bell over a period of time, Pavlov wanted to test to see if the dog would learn to salivate when the bell rang, after a number of trials or tests, Pavlov’s theory was proved correct and the dog salivated when the bell was rang without food being given. The dog had learned to give a conditioned response (CR) to a conditioned stimulus (CS) therefore salivating at the sound of the bell. Operant conditioning Burrhus Fredric Skinner’s theory was developed working with rats and pigeons and he discovered a number of main...
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...Answer any five of the following questions. 2. What is the General Adaptation Syndrome, explain with an example. Scientist Hans Selye (1907-1982) introduced the General Adaptation Syndrome model in 1936 showing in three phases what the alleged effects of stress has on the body. In his work, Selye - 'the father of stress research,' developed the theory that stress is a major cause of disease because chronic stress causes long-term chemical changes. He observed that the body would respond to any external biological source of stress with a predictable biological pattern in an attempt to restore the body’s internal homeostasis. This initial hormonal reaction is your fight or flight stress response - and its purpose is for handling stress very quickly! The process of the body’s struggle to maintain balance is what Selye termed, the General Adaptation Syndrome. Pressures, tensions, and other stressors can greatly influence your normal metabolism. Selye determined that there is a limited supply of adaptive energy to deal with stress. That amount declines with continuous exposure. Going through a series of steps, your body consistently works to regain stability. With the general adaptation syndrome, a human’s adaptive response to stress has three distinct phases: ALARM STAGE - Your first reaction to stress recognizes there’s a danger and prepares to deal with the threat, a.k.a. the fight or flight response. Activation of the HPA axis, the nervous system (SNS) and the adrenal glands...
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...Individual Theories CJS/240 10/06/2014 Juvenile delinquency is one of the largest issues dealt with in our society today. The immediate assumption to this issue is that individuals lacking a good lifestyle and low social class are more likely to commit any type of crime. But then there are those individuals with the same life situation who are law-abiding citizen, and sometimes end up obtaining a college degree. There are also those individuals who come from an established household with good parenting and a proper upbringing who commit crimes. The question is why do some juveniles commit crime while others who are in the same situation do not? Many experts believe the answer to juvenile misbehavior is on the individual itself, and not the social or economic level. Considering this, there are two different major theories about juvenile crime. Psychodynamic theory places it emphasis on the notion that one of the main causes of juvenile delinquency is children’s abnormal personalities that were created and developed in earlier life. This psychodynamic approach states that traumatic experiences during early childhood can prevent the ego and superego from developing properly, therefore leaving the Id with greater power (Palmerin, n.d.). The Specific deterrence theory refers to the effect that punishing one wrongdoer has on preventing others from committing offenses in the future. To determine the effect one has to ask what most individuals will believe will happen to...
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...1: Crime and Victimization Devin Moore Strayer University- Criminal Justice 100 Professor Richard Zappile January 27, 2015 Dr. Carla O’Donnell discussed the psychodynamic theory of crime in this scenario. This theory means that criminals are driven by unconscious thought patterns, developed in early childhood that controls behavior over the life course. These offenders may have also been bulled or abused as children who may have led to their insecurity. An example of psychodynamic theory is the case of 20 year old Adam Lanza with the Sandy Hooke shooting. On December 14, 2012, Lanza entered Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, CT and opened fire on the school. The gunman Adam Lanza had three guns, including a .223-caliber rifle. He shot and killed 20 children and 6 adults before turning the gun on himself. Also the shooter's mother was found dead at another location. According to reports, Lanza was shy as a young pre-teen and then developed into a mentally unstable adult who was a virtual outsider and had an obsession with mass murder and war. Although, Lanza was taken out of public school at 16 and homeschooled by his mother, there was nothing to suspect he would later commit such a crazy and horrifying act. There was no indication of a motive because Adam Lanza took his own life we will never know why. There are some indications he had an obsession with mass murder and collected numerous paper clippings and stories of these crimes especially...
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...Psychodynamic Personality Theories Analysis Amy Demarest, Teresa Grant, Erica Hodges, Richard Mitchell, Janette Ortega PSY 405 May 28, 2012 Dr. Barry Brooks Psychodynamic Personality Theories Analysis The most popular Psychodynamic Personality Theories developed in psychology all have strengths and limitations in explaining individual’s behavior. Some of these theories are stronger than others in explaining behavior because they have more supporting evidence. Individuals differ from one another; each with unique personalities. Be it physically, emotionally, intellectually or psychologically, each person portrays distinct characteristics that are exclusive to them. Many psychodynamic theorists have theorized the origins and contributions that cultivate personality (Feist&Feist, 2009). Highlights of this paper will include contents of Sullivan’s interpersonal theory. Further analyzed will also be the theories of Alder, Jung, Klein, andHorney. Alder: Individual Personalities, and Interpersonal Relationships Alfred Alder created the theory of Individual Psychology as an attempt to explain personality development. His theory concluded that individuals are motived by the desire to be successful and superior to others. Alder believed that each individual personality was unique and indissoluble. Although Alder supported Freud’s beliefs of the unconscious mind, he did not support the idea that the unconscious mind has influence over one’s personality. Instead, Alder...
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...The Psychology of Criminal Behaviour: Theories from Past to Present by editor i Arista B. Dechant, Fort Hays State University, Kansas download this essay: theories-of-criminal-behavior Arista writes: I have been involved in extensive research since undergraduate school surrounding criminals and how they operate. There are many ideas surrounding the cause of antisocial behavior and criminality. Through this independent study class for Fort Hays State University’s Justice Studies (Graduate) Program, I felt I would have the perfect opportunity to explore many of theories which have developed, over time, to explain criminal behavior. It is my hope that this research paper will provide an extensive and educational look at how the psychology of a criminal impacts the activity which is produced. It seems that every year brings new ideas, but I feel that the following is a conclusive look of research compiled from the beginning of criminality to the present. I have also provided a history of criminality and how it has developed into what we now understand as forensic psychology. This field will always remain fluid with discovery, and my greatest pleasure would come from being part of it in the future. [pic] “Wherever he steps, whatever he touches, whatever he leaves behind, even unconsciously, will serve as a silent witness against him.” Edmund Locard The application of psychology in the criminal and civil justice system is known as forensic...
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...John Wayne Gacy Summarize the case, including a description of the offense(s), the investigation, and the outcome (such as the trial and sentencing). Analyze the psychological history or path that took the criminal to commit his or her crime(s). Describe the psychological, behavioral, environmental, and cognitive factors that you believe led to the offender’s criminality. Consider the various theories we have discussed in class including the psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theory, the behaviorist/social learning theory, the cognitive/social cognitive theory, and the humanist and interactionist theories, and provide examples. The goal here is to provide an analysis of the psychological history or path that took the criminal to commit his or her crime(s). Explain the impact of social, psychological, and biological theories of aggression on your chosen criminal’s behavior. Describe the crime typology. Did the offender have a personality disorder that might have played a role in the criminal behavior? If so, explain and provide examples and supporting references. Discuss the laws that are in place for protecting individuals with mental disorders. Describe whether your case study was a homicide offender or sexual offender. Discuss the typology (i.e., single murderer, serial murderer, spree murderer, mass murderer, child molester, or rapist). If applicable, discuss whether your offender was given a competence to stand trial evaluation, or was found to be not guilty by reason of...
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...with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis. 6. Must use five to eight scholarly sources from the Ashford University Library. 7. Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. 8. Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. a.Summarize the case, including a description of the offense(s), the investigation, and the outcome (such as the trial and sentencing). b.Analyze the psychological history or path that took the criminal to commit his or her crime(s). Describe the psychological, behavioral, environmental, and cognitive factors that you believe led to the offender’s criminality. Consider the various theories we have discussed in class including the psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theory, the behaviorist/social learning theory, the cognitive/social cognitive theory, and the humanist and interactionist theories, and provide examples. The goal here is to provide an analysis of the psychological history or path that took the criminal to commit his or her...
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...with a travel team back then as well. I wasn’t thinking of planning to kill anyone when I was a ten year old girl. I also have a good conscience unfortunately, that if I ever murdered anyone even if it was someone I didn’t like I would probably be one of those kids that would tell their mother right away and face the music. That however, was not the case with Little Mary Bell. In this paper I will Summarize three key aspects of the juvenile case study that you selected, highlight at least three factors that you believe are important for one to understand the origins of the juvenile’s delinquent behavior, apply at least two concepts from the theory that you chose from the text that would help explain the juvenile’s behavior, Identify one appropriate strategy geared toward preventing delinquency that is consistent with the theory you chose. Mary knew at age ten how to kill someone and how to do it right. “She now claimed that Mary told her she killed Brian, and brought her to see his body at the blocks. Mary told Norma "I squeezed his neck and pushed up his lungs that's how you kill them. Keep your nose dry and don't tell anybody." When she saw Brian, Norma knew he was dead. "His lips were purple. Mary ran her fingers along his lips. She said she had enjoyed it.” She is an incredible liar "I have reason to believe that when you were near the blocks with Norma," said Dobson. "A man shouted at some children who were nearby and you both ran away from where Brian was lying...
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...Trait Theory and Aggression Abstract This paper reviews how trait theories account for anger and aggression and it provides an opinion on whether or not the anger management programs provided at San Quentin prison can be effective in changing offender's behaviors. Keywords: Trait Theory. Trait theory states that our personality traits, and our genetics can predispose us to crime. The theory states that some individuals are born criminal and can be identified by primitive physical traits. There are several theories that were developed early on. In this paper we will briefly discuss early studies in the field of criminal anthropology led by Cesare Lambroso. The content of this paper will then focus on psychological trait theories, and biosocial trait theories of crime. Lastly, this paper will provide my opinion on the video that was presented to us in this week's assignment, "Inside San Quentin – Anger Management Behind Bars", and the effectiveness of anger management programs provided to inmates in an attempt to control their anger and aggression. There are several studies that were conducted by many renowned scientists in the field of personality traits and how they account for anger, aggression, and criminality. The earliest research into criminality and psychological, as well as physical traits was conducted by Cesare Lambroso. Born in 18th century, Lambroso was an Italian university professor and a criminologist. His early...
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...the United States has helped contribute to juvenile delinquency today. Society needs to recognize problems within the home before trying to find solutions to problems for todays at risk youth in America. Major structural changes inside of the home could adversely affect the raising of juveniles leading to delinquency. Some of the issues I will discuss in my paper are divorce, child abuse, mothers working outside of the home, and single-parent homes. Ineffectively raising a child can cause low self-control and low self-esteem while increasing the risks of delinquency as well. I will argue that with proper supervision, counseling, and monitoring of the behavior of the juvenile, it is possible that society can help eliminate some of the crimes committed by juvenile delinquents. Thesis The changes in family values and structure in the United States has helped contribute to juvenile delinquency today Introduction Family Structure has changed noticeably in the United States over the past several decades. It refers to various family characteristics that affect relationships and how families function. These characteristics include family size, family disruption, and birth order. High rates of divorce, single-parent housing, the spreading of non-parent families and step-families, and the propagation of cohabitation now delineate in American family life. Changes in family structure can be devastating to a child’s well-being, and have the potential to contribute to juvenile...
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