...system. Among the principal barriers to effective appraisal programmes are: 1. Faulty assumptions, 2. Psychological blocks, and 3. Technical pitfalls. (1) Faulty Assumptions Because of the faulty assumptions of the parties concerned—superior and his subordinate—in appraisal system, it does not work properly or objectively. These assumptions work against an appraisal system in the following manner: (i) The assumption I hat managers naturally wish to make fair and accurate appraisals of subordinates is untenable. McFarland feels that both .superiors and subordinates show tendencies to avoid formal appraisal processes, as well as to heed them in their respective work roles. Their organisational roles, and partly in technical deficiencies and the unwise management of appraisal policies and procedures. (ii) Another faulty assumption is that managers take a particular appraisal system as perfect and feel that once they have launched a programme, that would continue forever. They expect too much from it, and rely too much on it, or blame for their faults. It should be recognised that no system can provide perfect, absolutely defensible appraisals devoid of subjectivity. (iii) Managers sometimes assume that personal opinion is better than formal appraisal, and they find little use of systematic appraisal and review procedures. However, this 'management by instinct' assumption is not valid and leads to bias, subjectivity and distorted decisions based on partial or...
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...Record: 1 Full Text Database: Book Review Digest Plus (H.W. Wilson) Title:|The Nurture Assumption (Book Review). | Authors:|Smith, Peter K.| Source:|Politics & the Life Sciences. Mar2000, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p12. 3p. | Document Type:|Book Review| Subjects:|NURTURE Assumption, The (Book)BOOKS -- ReviewsHARRIS, JudithCHILDRENNONFICTION| Abstract:|Reviews the book 'The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do,' by Judith Rich Harris.| ISSN:|0730-9384| Accession Number:|4986086| || Persistent link to this record (Permalink):|http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pbh&AN=4986086&site=ehost-live| || Cut and Paste:|The Nurture Assumption (Book Review).| || Database: |Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection| AUTHOR: |Peter K. Smith| TITLE: |The Nurture Assumption| SOURCE: |Politics and the Life Sciences 19 no1 112-14 Mr 2000| The magazine publisher is the copyright holder of this article and it is reproduced with permission. Further reproduction of this article in violation of the copyright is prohibited. The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do Judith Rich Harris New York: The Free Press, 1998, 462 pp. US$25.50 cloth. ISBN 0-684-84409-5. US$15.00 paper. ISBN 0-684-85707-3. Simon and Schuster, 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020, USA. Judith Rich Harris's book has generated very considerable controversy and publicity. The bottom line of her argument is that, when we think...
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...tie us in. Hikaru uses many literary elements to develop those themes. Four of those elements are complication, false assumptions, flashbacks, and foreshadowing. Although there are many key themes, the two I noticed the most were the psychological effects of war and family complications due to the loss of a loved-one. Complications are defined as obstacles that increase tension. In the beginning of the book, the complications would be when Manase is faced with his memories of the time he was in the cave with the captain during the war, "He did not want to remember-Manase understood that very well. Even though he could taste his fear, he needed only to remind himself that he was lying on a soft mattress, not a cold bed of rocks."(28) The effects the war had on him were so immense that every night he would have nightmares of it. As this quote states, he didn't want to remember it. He would imagine those times in the war and the dreams seemed as real to him as the day they happened, that's why he needs to constantly remind himself that the war is over. When something is believed to be true; however is not true. An assumption isn't what's said, it is what is behind the words. This is the definition of false assumptions. Though Hikaru Okuizumi doesn't use false assumptions till the middle and end of the book, they are key in his themes. False assumptions are what leads Manase's family to fall apart, "'It's your fault Hiroaki is dead!' she reproached him everyday." (65)...
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...many people for many reasons, including entertainment and escapism. The mass production of televisions in the 1950’s has led to a phenomenon previously unheard of, with statistics showing that as of 2013, 79% of the world has at least one television set per household (TVTechnology, 2013). It therefore stands to reason that children may have easy access to media that may not be age appropriate. Is it accurate to assume, however, that media can cause aggression in children? The Oxford dictionary defines aggression as: “feelings of anger or antipathy resulting in hostile or violent behaviour”. This definition depicts a narrow view of aggression, with the assumption being it will often manifest physically, this view does not take into account varying types of aggression that can be equally as harmful, such as verbal and psychological abuse (persistent abuse to the point of anxiety or stress). It should also be noted that aggression is a form of anti-social behaviour, a concept that varies culturally, for example one study concludes that Western cultures are far more likely to resort to physical violence, whilst Eastern cultures would more readily resort to verbal abuse (Andreu et al, 1998). The most interesting aspect of aggression, particularly in children, comes from the debate of Nature/Nurture. The debate is the belief that all behaviour can be explained in one of two ways. Nature states that biological factors are the most deterministic and behaviour is predetermined by said factors;...
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...HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW People Won't Change Ifs a psychological dynamic called a "competing commitment" and until managers understand how it works and the ways to overcome it, they can't do a thing about change-resistant employees. The Real Reason by Robert Kegan and Lisa Laskow Lahey E VERY MANAGER is familiar with the employee who just won't change. Sometimes it's easy to see whythe employee fears a shift in power, the need to learn new skills, the stress of having to join a new team. In other cases, such resistance is far more puzzling. An employee has the skills and smarts to make a change with ease, has shown a deep commitment to the company, genuinely supports the change-and yet, inexplicably, does nothing. What's going on? As organizational psychologists, we have seen this dynamic literally hundreds of times, and our research and analysis have recently led us to a surprising yet deceptively simple conclusion. Resistance to change does not reflect opposition, nor is it merely a result of inertia. Instead, even as they hold a sincere commitment to change, many people are unwittingly applying productive energy toward a hidden cornpeting commitment The resulting dynamic equilibrium stalls the effort in what looks like resistance but is in fact a kind of personal immunity to change. When you, as a manager, uncover an employee's competing commitment, behavior that has seemed irrational and ineffective suddenly becomes stunningly sensible and masterful-but unfortunately...
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...person’s genetics and the different ego states that are all different parts, but are the results of the one whole personality. This research paper will explain and reveal the mystery behind one person being motivated and mature and another person that is not. It contains valuable and revealing information that will explain the different influences on the development of the personality that mold a person’s personality to form one, whole and unique person. View of Personality Development Even after years of research, studies and opinions, all the theorists have not agreed on the definition of how the personality develops. Most of the personality theories, however different they may be in other respects, share the basic assumption that personality is a particular pattern of behavior and thinking that differentiates one person from another. All interesting theory’s, but still unable...
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...Personal Responsibility Essay Laurie Smith GEN 200 January 4, 2012 Adrianna Szymkowski Personal Responsibility Essay I believe personal responsibility is an important part of success. Whether the success I am trying to achieve is educational, professional or personal. If I do not take reasonability for myself I will not be successful in anything I strive to do. It is my opinion that an important personal trait to have is organization. I believe with proper organization you can achieve personal responsibility which helps you achieve success. I define personal responsibility as having integrity, accepting consequences and the effects that an individual’s actions have on others. To me integrity has three characteristics: being honest, having values or morals, and being self-aware. I believe it is a conscious decision to admit ones mistakes by telling the truth whether or not someone is watching me. Values are used to create an individual’s moral compass telling me what is right or wrong. I feel that many values a person has is often constructed by a person’s culture as well as the individuals that raised them; I believe that a person always has the choice to reevaluate and change their morals as they choose. For a person to have self-awareness I consider if the individual is not only reliable and trustworthy but also possesses humility and are humble instead of a sense of indulgent pride. Another trait of personal responsibility is accepting consequences. I consider accepting...
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...Team 4: Jisuk Yoo, Mihee Kim, EuiYoung Kim, HyungYun Park, Michael Yi IT Modeling Professor Hee Seok, Lee 3/23/2014 W.L. Gore – Culture of Innovation Q1. Many companies try to sidestep difficult trade-offs: freedom and responsibility, social mission and fat profits, community and competition. So they adopt metrics, rules and processes. How different is Gore from other companies from this perspective? In relation to freedom and responsibility, Gore attempts to achieve both. The freedom for Gore does not mean that every staff or executive can work freely and make decision in the absence of following any sets of rules or guidance. Rather, freedom for Gore is strictly defined according to its sophisticatedly built-up enterprise culture, and they are as the followings. Gore’s Culture Key Concepts No titles, hierarchy, or a conventional structure. Associates To have belief in the individual are given the chance to work out their own problems power of small teams without an intermediary Discretionary time to explore Ideas are encouraged and making mistakes is viewed as new ideas & concepts part of the creative process Leadership emerged naturally by gaining and Deep Knowledge demonstrating special knowledge, skill, or experience No assigned tasks. Associates choose which projects to Commitments, not titles sponsor by committing their resources Personal Relationships built on Personal responsibility to connect and build their own trust lattice Freedom for Gore rather means that each...
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... both internal and external users need both historical and forward-looking information in order to make better financial decisions. Internal users like the Management can use forward-looking information to analyse out an adequate valuation on whether to increase, hold or sell their investment. Likewise, external users like investors who want reasonable return on their investment can use forward-looking information to evaluate the sustainability of future entity performance and analysing the feasibility of investing in the company Going beyond historical financial reporting This forward-looking information is called prospective financial information. Prospective financial information relates to financial information which based on assumptions about events that may occur in the future and possible actions by an entity. Prospective financial information can be in form of a forecast or...
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...PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY Camp Leatherneck the most grueling memory one can experience. The year was 2011; I had a pregnant wife and daughter sitting at home waiting for my safe return. At that moment in time, I knew what was important and with this I had an obligation to my family who needed me. I was not going to take care of my family on this career alone. There is more to life, and if I was going to accomplish this, something else had to be done. Once decided, it was time to invest in an education, which would also take time and dedication. This new path would consist of differentiating what was a must and was a need. Even though one may face challenges, learning the importance of personal responsibility and what it means, personal responsibility versus college success, and incorporating it into one’s education will lead to a rewarding career. The characteristics of personal responsibility can be defined in many ways. The fact or state of being responsible, holding oneself accountable for something within one’s power, control or management, is the definition of personal responsibility. This can pertain to personal life, work and academic environment, and finances. As a marine, the importance of personal responsibility was one of the biggest issues addressed. In the process, it taught me more about myself. I learned the commitments of having a family and serving my country. “Semper Fidelis!” as the Marine Corp would say meaning always faithful. The morals and values...
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...Personal Responsibility Jordan Xxxxxxx GEN/200 November 27, 2012 Margo Xxxxxxx Personal Responsibility Although so many people are lying, cheating and stealing their way through their lives, it is those who show personal responsibility by do things the right way that succeed. As a student, it is easy in today’s society to be drawn toward the many tools available to cheat their way to a degree. Learning the courses, material, and submitting work that one can honestly be proud of, knowing that they gave their best honest effort, is the most important part of that personal responsibility. For students to show a personal responsibility toward their college career is one of the most important attributes they can have. There is a fine line between personal responsibility and how it applies to college success. For instance, one could use the many avenues available on the Internet, such as purchasing a paper that was written by someone else, is not only illegal as far as universities are concerned, but it does not prepare them properly for life after college. When I was in high school, I hated math. I had always wondered, “Why do we need to know this garbage?” Sometimes, ones weaknesses get the best of them. Rather than learn the subject, they would rather find a way to submit work they did not do, just to get an A or at least a passing grade. The problem is that even...
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...Running head: SENSORY PERCEPTIONS Assignment #1 Sensory Perceptions Mary D. L. Allen Critical Thinking Dr. Anne Keyes January 23, 2013 Strayer University In this assignment, this paper will take a look at sensory data and the accuracy or inaccuracy it presents. This will include the reasons in which someone believes in the accuracy of sensory information. It will consider and explain three factors that furnish sensory data to our senses. Finally, the paper will describe the character of nature and nurture to point out how to understand and evaluate sensory data. Basically, sensory perception is defined as an individual’s view of senses sent to the brain in order to help the individual make a decision. Three reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information are perception, interpretation, and knowledge (Anonymous, 2013). Perception is when someone walks in the kitchen to put down bags of groceries and sets a bag on the stove which appears to off. It is off and there would be no reason to believe the information to be inaccurate. However, the stove was recently used and the burners are still hot, which causes the grocery bag to catch on fire. The eyes are deceiving and allowed an individual to put bags of groceries on a hot stove. All this means is someone did not analyze the situation clearly and make the correct decision. It is a matter of how the individual perceived...
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...How Tyack and Cuban Assumptions and Purposes and Politicization Differ from John Dewey approaching Public Education by Jasper Thompson jasper.thompson@waldenu.edu ID A00240846 Specialization: Educational Technology Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for EDUC 8111: Principles of Social Change Walden University April 24, 2011 Comparing Tyack and Cuban With Dewey on Social Change 2 Abstract The essay material will examine the viewpoints of the Assumptions Tyack and Cuban concerning the Public Schools traditional strategies and social change will blend gradually to form the essay that compare the theories of John Dewey involving traditional and progressive approaches of schooling pertaining to their purposes and assumptions about Public Education. Comparing Tyack and Cuban With Dewey on Social Change 3 How Tyack and Cuban Assumptions and Purposes Differ from John Dewey approaching Public Education The title of the essay paper is How Tyack and Cuban Assumptions and Purposes Differ from John Dewey Approaching Public Education. The essay will discuss the assumption and purposes of both theorist John Dewey and Tyack and Cuban about public schooling reform and social change. The organization of the essay will first analyze the central concepts of Tyack and Cuban and the theories of John Dewey. The Assumption and Purposes of Public Education...
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...Analyse a song: I have chosen the song ‘Martians vs Goblins’ by the Game, featuring Tyler the Creator and Lil’ Wayne. You can read the lyrics at http://www.metrolyrics.com/martians-vs-goblins-lyrics-game.html The song’s got a very rough language, but that is just the style that these kind of rappers use. In most of the song, they are trying to make other people look bad. They are “dissin’” them. Almost every sentence, has got a meaning in it’s own way. You can relate it to another song from the rappers, they’re past, they’re religion or something that has happen in their community. For example, the Game uses this following sentence ”sniff a fucking unemployment line of cocaine”. This maybe just sound like some random sentence, but the definition of it is actually, that in the economy class, which these rappers have tried to be in. There is an abundance of unemployed people. So the Game relates it to his large lines of cocaine, I personally think, the reasons he does that. Is because, he wants us to know, that he has been down that road. Tyler the Creator, uses three words, to make one sentence, which has a lot of meaning “Jesus, motherfucking Theresa”. Tyler is an Atheist, and he doesn’t mind being sacrilegious at all. Here, he makes fun of three holy, figures. Jesus, mother Mary and mother Theresa. Tyler actually refers to mother Theresa as, motherfucking Theresa. He does this to show that he is not afraid of God, and doesn’t have any fear for retribution. You could...
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...Personal Responsibility Essay During my research, I’ve discovered more strategies that students may use to cope with situations that are risky in that they present the possibility for failure and potential threats to self-esteem. (Cantor, Julie., Niedental, Langston, & Brower, Dec 1987) Anxiety and openly set low expectations may lead to performance shortfalls called defensive pessimism. (Cantor, Julie., Niedental, Langston, & Brower, Dec 1987) Students like me may use this strategy due to low expectations to cope with their anxiety so that it does not become devastating. There are many tools to attain successful measure towards personal responsibility. The first step is to define what it means to you individually, it allows for self-reflection to navigate the path to a successful future in life and your career. I believe personal responsibility is not giving excuses on why I’m not persevering through hard times. When I first attended college, I didn`t plan properly for any difficult tasks either in my personal life, school, or work. Instead of seeking help from reliable sources, I would give up and throw in the towel and stop believing in myself when specific tasks involves research that challenges me to go a level I’m not comfortable at. The good news is I turned to my family support because they are my driving force and motivation to accomplishing the goal of obtaining my degree due to the fact it will change our quality of life completely. Personal responsibility requires...
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