...Head: Rape Trauma Syndrome Kianna Walls Forensic Psychology March 26, 2015 Abstract Rape is commonly defined as using force to make someone do a sexual act against their will. Rape can cause a person to experience symptoms that are very similar to post-trauma stress disorder. The person experiences symptoms such as nightmares, constant reliving of the event, and denial. Victims experiencing this go through rape trauma syndrome. RTS is not commonly used in court rooms as it is easily dissuaded. When it used in the courtroom, it is used more of a defense than to show that a victim can experience this. This paper explores what RTS is and how it used in courtrooms. It also explores why RTS should be used courtrooms, not as a defense but to show that it exist and that victims can experience this. Rape Trauma Syndrome There have been many trials that use rape-trauma syndrome as either a defense mechanism or as a way to say that rape happened and this was a consequence. But not many trials with expert testimony on RTS as allow to be used. Yet it should be as many people, both female and males, are raped and experience RTS. Rape trauma syndrome is defined by Gupta (2013) as a type of PTSD that consists of physical and emotional traits from post-rape that many people are rape victims share (pg. 415). RTS is very serious and those that have experienced this syndrome deserve to have it recognized in court. There are many misconceptions of rape. Greene...
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...THE FORGOTTEN HOLOCAUST: THE RAPE OF NANKING “Chinese men where used for bayonet practice and in decapitation contests. An estimated 20,000-80,000 Chinese women were raped. Many soldiers went beyond rape to disembowel women, slice off their breasts, and nail them alive to walls. Fathers were forced to rape their daughters and son their mothers, as other family member watched…” The Rape of Nanking, Iris Chang One of the most horrific events in human history, the Rape of Nanking is an example of one of the worst crime against humanity the world has ever seen. This event was so horrific that it is sometime referred to as the “forgotten Holocaust”. Beginning on December 13, 1937, Japan invaded China and the mass execution of soldiers and the slaughtering and raping of tens of thousands of civilians, whom peacefully surrendered, took place in contravention of all rules of warfare. This horrific event occurred due to the fact that for millenniums, the Japanese soldiers and civilians had a contempt feeling toward the Chinese and thought of them to be an inferior race of Asian people, much like the German policies against Jewish people in Europe. The Japanese soldiers...
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...Forensic Psychology Name Institution Date Forensic Psychology refers to the formal intersection between the scientific section of psychology and the criminal justice systems. It involves having a thorough understanding of the criminal systems applied in various jurisdictions by constantly evaluating them at a global perspective (Bartol &Bartol, 2012). The scientific aspect of it takes this information and analyses this information and interrelates it with attorney generals, judges and other legal professionals. Moreover, the field is based on scrutinizing witness testimonies in an attempt to check its validity and make informed decisions when dealing with ambiguous court cases. The roles of forensic psychologists are multivariate. This is because they perform diverse roles according to the settings, circumstances and nature of the job. For instance, they train and evaluate police officers and, members of other law enforcement organizations. They also advise judges in determining court cases (Bartol &Bartol, 2012). For instance, when the juries are dealing with ambiguous court cases of rape, insanity or murder, all arising from mental in-capabilities of the assailants, forensic psychologies are called based on their expertise and experience to examine, evaluate and give recommendations concerning the sentencing of the culprits. Because of these several but crucial responsibilities, the field of forensic psychologist...
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...Rape Culture Views: Attitudes and Practices in our Society that Normalize or Excuse Rape. Brianna Burke Sociology of Women Dr. King June, 20, 2013 Abstract Rape Culture views are based on attitudes and practices in our society that normalize or excuse rape. Society excuses rape because it has come to the belief that sex is an act of male domination and female submission. Although we have laws against rape they do not appear to be a main focus point. Society seems to minimalizes rape to the point of not caring, in some cases making the victims seem to be at fault. Because it seems that the repercussions of the rapist are not as tough as they should be, rapists repeat their actions without fear of severe punishment. The average sentence for convicted rapists was 11.8 years, while the actual time served was 5.4 years. In the US because of our rape culture, rape in the military became a major problem in recent years, even up until this problem was publicized. When first brought into the public’s eye the military didn’t seem to be taking rape seriously. Rape is not just a nightmare for military women but for men as well. Rape seems to be more main stream than some might think. Society more often than not are blaming the victims, the proof is in a recent 12-minute video of young men in Steubenville, Ohio, joking about the brutal, extended gang rape of a 16-year-old girl. According to one study of 16,000 Americans, 17.6% of women report having been victims of rape or...
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...What is Victimology? Tysheena Draten American InterContinental University March 25, 2012 CRJS 310-1202A-01 Abstract In this paper, the writer gives the definition of victimology along with its history and how it was developed. The writer also explains how it is different from criminology, sociology, and psychology. The writer also discusses who established the first safe houses for battered women as well as where and when those safe houses were established. The writer then goes on to tell who established the first rape crisis centers as well as when and where they were established. Next, the writer discusses how the civil rights movement contributed to anti-discrimination efforts and the establishment of hate crime legislation and policy. The writer also tells the role children’s rights groups have played in highlighting the problems child victims face in the criminal justice system. Finally, the writer provide the organizations that an individual can contact if he/she has been victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, child abuse, and homicide along with what services are not provided by government crime compensation programs. What is Victimology? Victimololgy is a sub-discipline of criminology concerned with understanding and explaining the patterning of criminal victimization (Victimology, 2008). Victimology draws together academics, activists, and policymakers from all different type of backgrounds. There are three different types of victimological thoughts...
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...TOPIC SUBJECT HEADINGS For use in Online Catalog (OPAC) SUBJECT HEADINGS For Sample Database Searches Abortion Abortion; Pro-Choice Movement; Pro-Life Movement Abortion Acid rain SEE ALSO Pollution Acid Rain Acid Rain Adoption (interracial, unmarried persons, gays) Adoption; Gay parents; Interracial adoption Adoption AIDS AIDS (Disease); AIDS (Disease) in children AIDS (Disease); Pediatric AIDS (Disease) Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Anorexia and Bulimia SEE Eating disorders Athletes and drugs Doping in Sports Drugs and Athletes Banking Bailout (2008) Bailout Battered women SEE ALSO Wife Abuse Abused women Conjugal abuse Birth control Birth control; Contraception Birth control; Contraception Black Reparations Movement Reparations; Slavery--Law and legislation Reparations Body language Body language; Gesture; Nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication Bullying Bullying Bullying; Cyberbullying Business ethics Business ethics; Corporations - Corrupt practices Business ethics; Business enterprises, Corrupt practices Capital punishment (Death Penalty) Capital punishment; Death row Capital punishment Cancer Cancer--Prevention SEE ALSO types of cancer, such asBreast--Cancer Neoplasms--Prevention and Control;Cancer Treatment Censorship SEE ALSO Freedom of the Press Censorship; Prohibited...
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...The Impact of Acquaintance Rape for Female College Students Word Count: 3,027 Abstract Acquaintance rape, commonly referred to as "date rape," is sweeping across college campuses throughout the United States. Described as nonconsensual sexual contact achieved by force, manipulation or coercion between two people who know each other, it is a form of sexual violence that had been given little attention prior to the 1980’s. Recent studies indicate that one in four female college students will be the victim of acquaintance rape at some time during four years of college making it the fastest growing crime against females in college institutions. However, because there are widespread false impressions among all college students that acquaintance rape does not exist, is not “really rape” or is not a serious crime, many believe that it is not as traumatic to the victim as rape by someone unknown to them. These erroneous beliefs often leave the victims of acquaintance rape more devastated than the rape action itself. The purpose of this paper is to examine the facts surrounding female acquaintance rape on college campuses and the role that crisis intervention techniques play in the recovery from an experience that many experts describe as crippling. The Impact of Acquaintance Rape for Female College Students Every two minutes someone in the United States is raped, and the chance of the victim being a female college student is four times greater than that of any...
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...Angelone, D. J., Mitchell, D. & Pilafova, A. (2007) Club drug use and intentionality in perceptions of rape victims. Sex Roles, 57, 283-292. This exploratory study investigated the influence of GHB use versus alcohol and intentionality on observer's feelings toward the victim and the perpetrator in a male-female rape scenario. The sample in this study consisted of 198 undergraduate students from a Northeastern college; the sample contained 130 females and was almost 80% Caucasian. The participants ranged in age from 18-48 but the mean was 19. Participants read one of four vignettes where a college female had attended a party and had ingested GHB or Everclear, a type of grain alcohol. In the different vignettes the female either ingested the substance voluntarily or was "slipped" the drug by a male, the vignette continued when the female became sleepy and the male brought her into his room and had sex with her, the victim attempted to verbally resist but felt too groggy to physically resist (Angelone, 2007, 286). The victim then reported the rape to police in the morning; the perpetrator claimed the sex was consensual. After the vignette participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire asking about victim and perpetrator culpability, victim pleasure, victim trauma, perpetrator guilt, and the likelihood the perpetrator will be found guilty (Angelone, 2007, 286). Overall the respondents found that the perpetrator was responsible for the crime, whether or not the victim chose...
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...Date Rape and Sexual Aggression in Dating Situations This study was conducted to access the risk factors for date rape in male against female sexual aggressions in dating situations. The risk factors were established by several different things which included how often one dated and how often she was uncomfortable during the date or how often sexual aggression took place during a date. Linton and Muehlenhard compare the dates of people who had come into contact with sexual aggression versus those who have not come into contact with sexual aggression while on a date. They also compared “attitudes of people who had versus people who had not been involved in sexual aggression.” The study that Linton and Muehlenhard conducted shows that over half of the people who participated in the questionnaires had infact been involved with some form of sexual aggression. The study also showed that less than 10% had been involved with unwanted sexual acts while on a date. The authors state that “variables that appear to be risk factors are the man’s initiating the date, paying all the expenses, and driving; miscommunication about sex, heavy alcohol or drug use; “parking”; and men’s acceptance of the traditional sex roles. Often times in situations involving date rape, the amount of time in which the two have known each other don’t seem to play an important role in date rape or sexual aggression. The authors in this study were trying to show the importance of certain risk factors that...
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...affected their verdicts when the defendant was attractive, but not when she was unattractive. Female jurors were more likely than male jurors to conclude that sexual harassment did take place, but only when the litigants were different in attractiveness. Effects of Physical Attractiveness When Evaluating a Male Employee’s Allegation of Sexual Harassment by his Female Employer Physically attractive people are perceived in a more positive fashion than are the physically unattractive (Dion, Berscheid, & Walster, 1972). This stereotype has been shown to lead to more lenient sentencing of attractive defendants than of unattractive defendants, in both simulated and actual trials (Mazella & Feingold, 1994; Stewart, 1980). In simulated rape trials, attractive defendants are sentenced more leniently than unattractive defendants, and defendants accused of raping an unattractive victim are less...
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...Social Psychology What it Means: Examples Mickey Stroda November 19, 2012 University of Phoenix General Psychology | Psy/300 Instructor: Amy Pillote Social Psychology What it Means: Examples Social psychology looks at how human behavior is influenced by others and the social context in which it occurs or understanding individual behavior within the social context (McLeod, 2007). It is a hybrid discipline merging other aspects of psychology into one; a melding of Sociology and psychology, therefore known as social psychology (Social psychology, 2012). Social psychology takes into account the fact that human behavior has many aspects and while people would like to think they are who they are and nothing can ever change that, in most instances; they would be incorrect in their thinking. Social psychologists show that people tend to change based on the situation they are in or the people they are around at the moment as well as how our thoughts, feelings and beliefs affect our interactions with others. Group think occurs when two or more people come to the same consensus even if one member may disagree. Such as when Brandon Teena, a female to male transgendered person, was raped and murdered in Humboldt, Nebraska on December 31, 1993 by two men simply so they could avoid prosecution for attacking Brandon earlier. Society saw Brandon as a female although he had lived as a male for years, in fact when Brandon had reported the earlier attack the police basically laughed...
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...Vulnerability C. Intolerable states of mind (Perelberg 1999) 1. Inability to mentalize 2. Violence is an emotion D. Justice for past injury (Gilligan 1996) 1. Childhood experiences 2. Motive for Crime and Punishment II. Sex Crimes A. Rape (Ellis 1989; Berger & Searles 1995; Chappell, G. Geis, & R. Geis. (1977) 1. Rage 2. Latent homosexual components 3. Hatred B. Sexual abuse of children (Pryor 1996) 1. Molestation 2. Boundary Contradiction C. Incest (Gaddini 1976; MacCarthy 1988) 1. Symbiotic contact with mother 2. Weak and damaged self III. Conclusion References Blumenthal, S. (2000) Developmental aspects of violence and the institutional response. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 10, 185-198. Burris, Boyd L. (1995) Classics revisited: Freud’s papers on technique. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 43 (1), 175-185. Chappell, D., Geis, R., Geis, G. (Eds.). (1977). Forcible rape: The Crime, the victim, and the offender. Columbia University Press. New York. Ellis, L. (1989). Theories of rape. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. Gilligan, J. (1996). Violence: Reflection on a national...
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...Examine the various ways in which feminist explore rape. Do you agree with Stanko? What approach do you think is most effective? The different theories of feminism take multiple approaches in analyzing rape. Radical feminism sees sexism rooted in masculine power and privilege. Patriarchy became the norm in families where men control women’s sexuality. Brownmiller (1975) reasons this is accepted because the biological predestination of men is that of a natural predator and women as natural prey. Sexual violence in the form of sexual harassment, rape, and pornography are methods that men use to maintain that power over women (MacKinnon, 1984). Other radical feminist disagree that victimization of women is the result of anatomical differences...
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...comprehension, Sisa can be symbolically represent the mother country who experienced the lack of freedom rights wherein the jurisdiction will always be favorable to the spanish conquerors. Aside from the Historical facts, I learned that humanistic psychology plays a vital role in a mental stability because according to Maslow, in order to achieve the peak potential or what they call self-actualization, first we must acquire these following factors: the physiological needs, security, sense of belongingness and esteem which sisa all lacks because she is experiencing starvingdue to lavishly spending their money on gambling, lack of safety due to her husband’s beatings, the lack of social needs for she is always seen alone and lastly confidence that was stripped down from herwhen she was forced to walk on shame because of false accusation. Filipino has the mentality which they always overlooked the importance of history on what it can teach us, We always think we cannot benefit from these, we can only gain knowledge but never apply it however I think that during rizal’s time, what they are experiencing is no different from ours, even with a long transition of time, Like rape, murder, stealing. I believed that these kind of movies/novels are intended for the viewers/readers to improved their awareness and especially their coping...
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...The effects of alcohol on date rape on college campuses Jessica Lynch Tarleton State University Abstract College is usually thought of as a time for pushing boundaries, experimenting, coming into ones own, learning, making new friends, learning to be independent, and becoming an adult. Unfortunately date rape has also become a part of the college experience. It is a life shattering reality of many college students. Date rape does not conform to the normal idea of rape. The perpetrator is usually an acquaintance and the rape takes place in a semi-public place, like a party or dorm room. Alcohol is almost always involved in date rape. Rape is never the victim’s fault but there are steps that can be taken to help prevent it. The effects of alcohol on date rape on college campuses College is supposed to be a time of learning, fun, making new friends, discovering one’s self, partying, and dating. Unfortunately, college becomes a nightmare for some women when partying and dating are combined. Date rape has become very common amongst university students. It is important to understand what date rape is, how alcohol affects the rapist and the victim in date rape, and how it can be prevented. What is date rape? Rape is usually thought of as something that happens to other people, done by a stranger in a dark alley or during a home invasion; however, that is not usually the case. In fact, forty-seven percent of rapists are a friend or acquaintance of the victim. According to the Federal...
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