...Emerging Crisis: A Lecture about the Psychosocial Perspective of Personality I. Introduction Coon and Mitterer (2013) stated from their book that every life is marked by a number of developmental milestones. Those milestones are notable events, markers, or turning points that affect the development of a certain individual. Some examples of these include graduating from school, reaching your dreams, getting married, getting a job, becoming a parent, retirement, and one’s own death. One of the important things that a person needs to develop is his personality. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, personality is the set of qualities and behaviors that makes a person different from other people. From the definition, lots of questions arise. Some examples are “What makes them different from the other?”, “Why are they behaving like that?”, and “Who am I?” In order to answer those questions, Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development will help to understand the complexity of human personality. Erikson’s ‘psychosocial’ term is derived from two words – ‘psychological’ means mind and ‘social’ means external relationships (Chapman, 2013). According to Ramkumar (2002), Erik Erikson did most of his works during the 1930s to the 1950s as a psychologist. He was fascinated in child analysis. He was the student of Sigmund Freud and he was inspired by his works. From the article of Chapman (2013), Erikson’s psychosocial theory was drawn and was extended from the ideas of...
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...Stage one is called trust versus mistrust and ranges in ages from 0 to 2. Erikson believed that this stage is centered around the following question; “ is the world safe and predictable or dangerous and chaotic?”. Erikson believed that during the first couple years of an infant's life it is important for the infant to learn that caregivers can be trusted to provide what the infant needs. This helps the child to develop a sense that the world is trustworthy. If there was a scenario where the child was not properly taken care of in the first couple years then the child may develop a form of mistrust and the world may seem unpredictable and the people who are supposed to love and care for the child may be undependable. When this stage is completed successfully the child will develop hope. This will make the child feel that even when a challenge emerges they can still turn to loved ones for support and care. A positive example of stage one would be like on The Pacifier, the baby's trust everyone and anyone because he is well taken care of. And negative example of stage one would be like on Family Guy, Stewie is taken care of horribly and in conclusion to that he doesn't trust anyone in his family or the world. He believes the world is not a good place whatsoever. Stage 2 is autonomy versus shame and doubt which ranges from ages 2 to 4. Children often become independent as they go through this toddler stage. The question that is major with this stage is as follows “can I...
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...The first stage is infancy. This is the stage of less than a year of age, from birth to about 18 months old. According to Erikson, at this stage the crisis that an infant must face is the crisis of trust versus mistrust. Infancy is the most fundamental stage of development because the child will emerge feeling the world will be safe or unpredictable. The most significant social influence is the mother (or primary caregiver). The child will be able to develop a sense of trust through the consistent and regular care provided by the mother. This is achieved by providing a degree of familiarity, consistency, and continuity in the care, the child develop a feeling that the world is a safe place to be, that people are reliable and loving. But if the child cannot resolve this crisis, the child will leave the infancy stage with a sense of mistrust. The child will be apprehensive and suspicious around people. This sense of mistrust will be carried over to the next stage and the child would have a lot of struggles in the next stages of their life. The second stage is the stage of Toddlerhood of 1 to 3 years of age. In this stage the crisis that child needs to resolve is the crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt. This stage is important because the child will emerge feeling confident and capable or will have self doubt and shame. The most significant social influence at this stage is the parent. The caregiver should be able to show tolerance and firmness. The child should be able to...
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...Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Personality Development Trust vs. Mistrust Trust versus mistrust is Erikson’s first stage in his theory psychosocial development. It is also believed to be the most important. In this stage, infants learn whether or not they can trust the people around them, especially those they’re closest to. It occurs during the first year of life when the infant is completely dependent on its mother/caregiver. Because the infant is utterly helpless during this time, the personality is affected by the degree of love, care and dependability of the parent. If the parent attends to the child’s needs accordingly, is present and responsive, it is rational to believe that he or she will grow up feeling safe and secure in the world. If, however, the caregiver is emotionally or physically unavailable, irresponsible or lackadaisical, he or she could grow up fearful of the world, viewing it as erratic and inconsistent. I obviously do not remember this period of my life, but I am aware that I was properly and fully attended to. I was the first child of my mother’s second set (8 year difference) and the first planned pregnancy she encountered. I was my father’s first daughter and a really beautiful gift to my family because of that. My mother adored me and stayed at home while my father worked for the full first year of my existence. My view matches Erikson’s theory of the outcome of positive care, seeing how I am trusting, hopeful and comfortable in the world around...
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...If we use Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development we can see where Pat early physical delay impacted her socioemotional progress, which have unable her to form proper attachment to people in her life. Through the first stage of development, infancy (to 1 year), Pat didn’t obtain the consistent, predictable and reliable support from her parents. “Infants avoid attachment or show insecure attachment, marked either by anxiety or avoidance of trusting relationship,” (Myers, D. G., 2014 p. 140). Therefore, Pat developed a sense of mistrust of the adults in her life. By the second stage, toddlerhood (1to 3 years), Pat wasn’t able to develop physically, since she had a difficulties with the mobility of her legs. She would be unable to assert...
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...Psychosocial Development Through the Play Years Portland Community College Table of Contents Introduction 3 Stages of Psychosocial Development 3 The First Two Years 3 The Play Years 4 Psychosocial Developmental Challenges 6 Possible Causes: Maltreatment 6 Possible Causes: Family Structure 7 Possible Causes: Environmental Adversity 8 Influencers of Child Psychosocial Development 9 Teachers 9 Gender Roles 10 Child’s Play 11 Conclusion 11 References 13 Introduction Psychosocial development looks at the emotional and social development processes. There are many theories when it comes to how psychosocial development occurs, including the two most well-known theories by Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. For the purpose of this paper I will be focusing on Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory of development for children through the play years, or age six. In addition to theories of development I will take a look into developmental challenges and the factors that affect development and the possible effects they may have. I will do this by taking a look at applicable case studies presenting their findings. The possible causes of developmental challenges that I will focus on are maltreatment, family structure and environmental adversity. I will also look into the influencers of psychosocial development on children and the impact they have on a child’s psychosocial development...
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...There are various stages to experience in life that leads to success. According to Erik Erikson these stages are infancy, early childhood, middle childhood and adolescence. Throughout the course we have been introduced to a number of psychologists that have developed their own theory of how people develop into successful or unsuccessful adults. This expository paper will cover the theory of Erikson's psychosocial stages during development, the influences that culture has and the cognitive, social and physical changes a teenager will experience. But does Erikson's theory on adolescence development truly hold a solid structure for a child's success? Adolescence is the age stage of 11-18, the period of life between childhood and adulthood where...
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...Every child grows up in a certain kind of environment, with a different set of parents, and deals with diverse situations. From abusive parents, to loving ones, to nuclear, single, or expanded families. As they grow up, some of the experiences they dealt with when they were younger stick with them. If they were abused they may grow up to be abusive parents, and the same goes with having loving parents. That is why getting through Erikson Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development successfully is so important. First, we must deal with the first four stages of childhood. Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, and finally Industry vs. Inferiority. Then we deal with Identity vs. Role Confusion, the stage that occurs...
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...Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development has eight stages. In the paper three of his life stages will be reviewed. Those stages are Trust vs. Mistrust, Industry vs. Inferiority and Integrity vs. Despair. This paper will also discuss personal or observed experiences within those stages, as well as an opinion if Eric Erikson’s description has accurate or not. A small discussion will be included as to how any of these experiences may have affected spiritual development along the way. Trust vs. Mistrust The first stage, commonly referred to as infancy, in Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development is Trust vs. Mistrust. During this stage of life, infants are unsure of the world in which they live in. They must learn to trust their...
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...Introduction NOT FINISHED!! Erik Erikson theorized a psychosocial development model (Kirst-Ashman, Zastrow, 336). There are eight stages in all for this development theory; however, I am only in the sixth stage currently. Social workers can apply knowledge of these stages to assess their clients to find out what can best help the client. While I was assessing myself, I found that throughout most of the stages, had no difficulty resolving them on time. The stage that I took longest to resolve is the fourth, industry vs. inferiority. Trust vs. Mistrust (Age 0-18 months) NOT FINISHED!! Trust versus Mistrust is the first stage in Erikson, this stage deals with infants from birth to 18 months. The trust versus mistrust stage deals with the relationship between a child and their caregiver. If a child feels secure with their parent then they are able to resolve this crisis. The way for a child to feel secure means they need certain needs met; such as being fed, having their...
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...Cherry Kendra contends that “Erikson's eight-stage theory of psychosocial development describes growth and change throughout the lifespan, focusing on social interaction and conflicts that arise during different stages of development”. Addressing stages 4, 5, and 6 with relation to classroom management and discipline strategies and techniques that will help to positively address the issues children encounter during the middle childhood and early adolescences years will help educators provide positive experiences that will assure positive development for children. In Erikson’s view, these conflicts are centered on either developing a psychological quality or failure to develop that quality, thereby creating a potential for personal growth that is high or the possibility for failure. Cherry Kendra indicates that “Erikson held that each stage of development involves the skill of overcoming of a conflict. Accomplishment or failure in dealing with conflicts can impact overall functioning”. She further states that, “Erikson believed that development of personality is accomplished within a series of stages” and that “within each stage, people experience a conflict that will serve as a turning point in development”. Kendra further contends that “each stage in Erikson’s theory is concerned with becoming competent in an area of life and if the stage is handled well, the person will feel a sense of mastery, which he sometimes referred to as ego strength or ego quality”. Accordingly, if...
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...Stressors have a significant impact upon disposition, our feeling of prosperity, conduct, and wellbeing. Intense anxiety reactions in youthful, solid people may be versatile and regularly don't force a wellbeing load. Then again, if the risk is unremitting, especially in more established or unfortunate people, the long haul impacts of stressors can harm wellbeing. The relationship between psychosocial stressors and malady is influenced by the nature, number, and determination of the stressors and in addition by the individual's natural powerlessness (Example, hereditary qualities, protected components), psychosocial assets, and educated examples of adapting. Psychosocial intercessions have demonstrated helpful for treating anxiety...
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...The literature review clearly indicates the need for an educational paradigm to serve as a psychosocial intervention to mitigate damages of the qualia of Gold Star Children (America’s war orphans) from parental death to war, to empower with resilience, holistic wellness, and life skills strategies, while furthering a socially inclusive, supportive, and compassionate environment. This at-risk/high-risk population (CITE THIS) experiences not only the equivalency of a murdered parent, but the psychological adversity and issues a surviving parent must face. They stand to substantially benefit by the establishment of a social support system within educational communities. It is my hope as an educational researcher to further the understanding of...
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...thinking and egocentrism toward abstraction and higher-level thinking. Yet, the complexity of developme t cannot be explained by one single theory, and past theories need to be critically examined for their strengths and weakness. However, despite the flaws of past theories, the understandings and subsequent improvements to academic fields, such as education and psychology, have had long lasting implications. Discovery learning, using manipulative, peer collaboration, character education, and scaffolding concepts are all learning strategies use daily in the classroom and are credited to their origins in these past theories of development. Erik Erikson Erik Erikson (1950, 1963) does not talk about psychosexual Stages, he discusses psychosocial stages. His ideas, though, were greatly influenced by Freud, going along with Freud’s ideas about the structure and topography of personality. However, whereas Freud was an id psychologist, Erikson was an ego psychologist. He emphasized the role of culture and society and the conflicts that can take place within the ego itself, whereas Freud emphasized the conflict between the id and the superego. According to Erikson, the ego develops as it successfully resolves crises that are distinctly social in nature. These involve establishing a sense of trust in others, developing a sense of identity in society, and helping the next generation prepare for...
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...Chelsea McKoy Psychosocial Aspects of Aging PM 738 Long Island University Table of Contents Introduction 3 Background 4 Cultural Background 5 Health Status 6 Community Programs and Resources 7 Psychosocial Well Being 8 Conclusion 9 References 10 Introduction Since the beginning of the 20th century, life expectancy has increased in the developed world more than in all of recorded history prior to 1900. The elderly population in the United States is growing. Today, over 35 million persons are 65 years of age or older, accounting for about 13 percent of the population. According to the Administration on Aging (AOA) (2014) in the year 2030, their numbers will more than double resulting in one in every five Americans being over 65. As scientists and doctors find new ways to cure illnesses, more people are living longer lives. In fact, the fastest-growing age group in the U.S. is the 85 years and older group. This group now represents about 40 percent of the elderly population (AOA, 2014). The process of aging for elders 65 years and older often involves a number of progressive physiological changes. Within the context of these changes, and often related to them, prominent issues of psychological and social adjustment emerge. Such issues include coping with declines in physical and functional abilities, changing social relationships and roles, and dealing...
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