...University of Sargodha | Women Empowerment in Punjab, A Case Study | Supervisor: Dr. Mussarat jabeen | | Muhammad Waseem Abbas – 02 , Sumera Imam – 04 , Tufail Niazi- 28 | [Pick the date] | Department of International Relations and pol-Sciences | Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Understanding Power 3 1.2 Understanding Empowerment 5 1.3 Empowerment and its meanings 6 1.4 Women’s awareness about their rights 8 2-Punajb and women empowerment 9 2.1 women empowerment in Punjab Pakistan 9 2.2 Economic benefits of women empowerment 11 2.3 Punjab assembly work from 2008-13 11 2.4 women issues and provincial government 13 2.5 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUNJAB AND OTHER PROVINCES IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 14 2.6 Punjab women empowerment package 16 3-Future of women in Punjab, Suggestions and conclusion 24 3.1 Future of women empowerment in Punjab 24 3.2 suggestions for women empowerment 25 3.3 Conclusion 25 References 27 Chapter-1 1. Introduction 1.1 Understanding Power At the core of the concept of empowerment is the idea of power. The possibility of empowerment depends on two things. First, empowerment requires that power can change. If power cannot change, if it is inherent in positions or people, then empowerment is not possible, nor is empowerment conceivable in any meaningful way. In other words, if power can change, then empowerment is possible. Second, the concept of empowerment depends upon the idea...
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...Punjab-Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (P-PRSP) Munib ur Rehman OCTOBER, 2003 Preface Pakistan has always been plagued with the scourge of poverty. This situation has worsened during the last decade. Poverty deprives people of the assets they are entitled to. It takes away their rights and liberties and it results in a loss of dignity. Now, despite many gains at the macro level and a generally healthy economic outlook, poverty still persists and continues to increase. This trend needs to be reversed. Fight against poverty has always remained on the agenda of the government. There has been a significant focus on poverty reduction through various development schemes and projects. Government of Punjab did not have a special poverty reduction programme as such in the past. This meant that while resources were spent on various poverty alleviation schemes and projects, there was no significant attention paid to the poor as the focal point in such programme. Consequentially we neither had a proper data base on poverty nor were any assessments made of the projects and Programmes vis-à-vis their impact on the lives of the poor. The present Punjab Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper [P-PRSP] is an effort to streamline the system and to ensure that poverty and the poor are specially targeted for various interventions. Similarly, review and monitoring is being ensured with a view to creating a feedback loop, allowing us to improve programmes as they are implemented...
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...confront the different provinces. The implicit attitude—that it is the federation as a whole rather than the federating units that matter—is so firmly embedded in the official mindset that, even after 65 years of Pakistan’s existence, the authorities do not produce official statistics of province-level gross domestic product (GDP), investment, savings, exports, imports, labor productivity, and other key economic indicators. 2. The Importance of a Province-Level Approach Why is a province-level approach important? The issue is not merely of academic interest. It is necessary to strengthen studies at the province level, because policies to address questions of employment, poverty, and perceived deprivation, and to improve the delivery of key services are more effective if the perspective is as close to the ground as possible. The validity of this approach is recognized by the burgeoning number of regional or state studies in India and in other parts of the world—such as China, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Brazil, Argentina, and Nigeria among developing countries, and of course the United States, Canada, Australia, Germany, Italy, and several others in the developed world—where individual provinces or states can exercise a significant degree of autonomy over many economic decisions. Stimulating the convergence of economic growth between the different provinces of Pakistan is vital, because the cohesion...
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...research with a rigorous academic perspective on key development issues facing Pakistan. In addition the Centre (i) facilitates and coordinates research by the faculty at the Lahore School of Economics, (ii) hosts visiting international scholars undertaking research on Pakistan and (iii) administers the postgraduate programme leading to the M Phil and PhD Degree at the Lahore School. An important goal of the Centre is to promote public debate on policy issues through conferences, seminars and publications. In this connection, the Centre organizes the Lahore School’s Annual Conference on the Management of the Pakistan Economy. The proceedings of which are published in a special issue of the Lahore Journal of Economics. The CREB Working Paper Series has been started to bring to a wider audience, the research being done at the Centre. It is hoped that these Papers will promote discussion on the subject and contribute to a better understanding of economic and business processes and development issues in Pakistan. Any comments and feedback on these Papers will be appreciated. i Abstract Analysis of economic development in Pakistan has traditionally followed a "top-down" approach. This approach—that it is the federation as a whole rather than the federating units that matter— is so ingrained that even after 60 years of Pakistan's existence the authorities do not produce official statistics of provincial GDPs, investment, and savings. The importance of examining the differential...
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...Improving Accountability in Public Service Delivery through the Ombudsman About the Asian Development Bank ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to two-thirds of the world’s poor: 1.8 billion people who live on less than $2 a day, with 903 million struggling on less than $1.25 a day. ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. Strengthening the Ombudsman Institution in Asia Accountability is essential for good governance, and in many Asian countries the ombudsman is the key accountability institution. Originating in the West, the concept of the ombudsman arrived relatively late in Asia. Yet more and more ombudsman offices are being established in Asia, and they play a critical role in the fight against incompetence and injustice on the part of government officials. This report presents in-depth research on Asian ombudsmen, with a focus on best practices and emerging issues, especially in the context of the new public management, and includes recommendations...
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...Decentralization and Devolution: Educational Implications of the Praetorian Interpretation By Baela Raza Jamil Idara-e-Taleem-o-Aagahi Public Trust September 2002 Decentralization and Devolution: Educational Implications of the Praetorian Interpretation Pakistan has a diverse ethnic population of 142 million people, with 32.2 percent people living below the poverty line (I-PRSP, 2001). It is a federation with four provinces and four federally administered territories[1]. For three decades the country experienced a process of increasing centralization in decision-making, resource management and service delivery. During that period, governments were set up under Islamic Socialism, martial law, experiments with democracy by eight governments, and another military take over. Democratic institutions and service delivery eroded at each reconstruction of the state. To offset poor governance, a process of devolution has been initiated through establishment of local governments across Pakistan. The principle of inclusion through political decentralization was meant to provide institutional entitlements for voice and action. Direct elections were held at the union council level (encompassing a population of 25,000, covering 5-7 villages or more settlements) in 2000 for 21 representatives. As the result of a countywide mobilization drive thirty-three percent seats were reserved for women, an unprecedented accomplishment in Pakistan’s history. In addition, six seats...
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...Population Sciences, Mumbai, India ABSTRACT Rural-urban classification constitutes an important framework for the collection and compilation of population data in many countries. While “urban” is often specifically defined, “rural” is treated simply as a residual category. The criteria defining urban also differ from country to country. This paper argues that these rural and urban statistical categories are also highly significant for local governance, increasingly so in recent years given the emphasis on local governance and its restructuring. In India, constitutional amendments have given constitutional status to local bodies in the federal structure of the country. Local bodies are thus now expected to draw up their own plans and initiate development works, which requires them to generate their own resources and lessen their dependence on central government funding. It is thus necessary to reorganise urban space into viable spatial units in terms of their revenue base. While rural-urban classification is the task of the Census of India, state governments are responsible for granting municipal status to urban centres. This paper examines the criteria and limitations of the rural-urban classification followed by the Census, its congruence with the dynamics of state-accorded municipal/nonmunicipal status and some implications for municipal governance in India. Keywords: census, urban local bodies, transitional areas, urban agglomeration, property tax, governance, India ...
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...An Estimate of Public Expenditure on Health in India Mita Choudhury H.K. Amar Nath National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) 18/2 Satsang Vihar Marg New Delhi May 2012 An Estimate of Public Expenditure on Health in India The level of public spending on health has been a widely discussed issue in India in recent times. Various research studies as well as policy documents have repeatedly highlighted the low level of public spending on health in India.1 In particular, public spending on health as a per cent of GDP has been the focus of discussions, as it is an indicator of the priority accorded to health in the planning process of the country. Policy documents like the Approach Paper to the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012 to 2017), the High Level Expert Group for Universal Health Coverage (HLEG), the Programme Implementation Framework of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and the Report of the National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (NCMH) have all endorsed the need to raise the level of public spending on health in India from around one per cent to 2 to 3 per cent of GDP. Monitoring the progress towards achieving the target level of public spending on health has been difficult, due to ambiguity in the definition of health expenditure used, and the corresponding figures reported by different government agencies. The latest Economic Survey, 2011-12 of the Government of India suggests that public spending on health was around 1...
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...DAIRY REPORTS DAIRY DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN DAIRY REPORTS DAIRY DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN Umm e Zia, T. Mahmood and M.R. Ali FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2011 Author Umm e Zia is the Managing Director of Cynosure Consultants in Islamabad. She has supported international donors and governments in undertaking rural development and agriculture value chain projects in over ten countries. T. Mahmood is a dairy consultant based in Lahore, Pakistan. He also serves as a visiting faculty member at the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. Muhammad Raza Ali is Senior Research Associate at Cynosure Consultants. Recommended Citation FAO. 2011. Dairy development in Pakistan, by Umm e Zia, T. Mahmood and M.R. Ali. Rome. Keywords Production systems, Dairy value chain, Dairy institutions, Product safety, Livelihoods, Employment The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are...
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...UET, Mechatronics and Control Engineering Department Water Crisis of Pakistan Submitted to: Mr. Rauf Akhtar Submitted By: Muhammad Rzi Abbas (2006-MCT-38) 5/23/2008 1 LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION I authorize Mr. Muhammad Rzi Abbas to research on “Water Crisis of Pakistan”. Mr. Rauf Akhtar 2 LETTER OF TRANSMITTEL Pakistan is being surrounded by almost all types of problems and difficulties nowadays. Everyone is speaking on different issues Pakistan is facing but I chose the Water Crisis which is a grave threat to Pakistan yet hidden from the eyes of most of the residents of Pakistan. To study this hanging sword I chose to write a report on the topic “Water Crisis of Pakistan”. In this report I have explained the past, present and future problems which Pakistan unfortunately had to face regarding water resources and utilization. Let me assure you that the reader will study this report with interest and will get a complete knowledge about the water sector problems which Pakistan is either facing right now or will have to face in the future. Muhammad Rzi Abbas 3 Table of Contents Letter of Authorization………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 Letter of Transmittal…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……3 Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..4 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….6 Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8 First Portion Chapter...
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...Rawalpindi, PAKISTAN, 3Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences University of Haripur, PAKISTAN, 4Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences Hazara University, PAKISTAN *tariq_phd@yahoo.com Abstract There is a growing worldwide concern over corruption at the present time. The increasing public interest and concern over corruption have resulted in a large amount of scholarly research on the subject. The concept of economic rent is important in corruption. In Pakistan, the corruption is deep rooted and has many dimensions. There are several causes and remedies for the public policy makers to root out corruption in Pakistan. Key Words: Corruption, Economic rent, Developmental obstacle. Social evil, Remedies Introduction Corruption is a universal curse around the world and exists in all the countries as a common phenomenon, both in developing or poorer countries and developed countries. The difference is only of the degrees of corruption. In the last five years, leading politicians in U.K., Belgium, France, Spain and Italy have been convicted of corruption and in fact, the entire European Commission resigned because of it. U-Myint (2000); World Bank (2001); Law Commission of Government of India (2001); Anupam Das et al (2011) have traced that concept of corruption has roots in the ancient world and although its form may have shifted through the centuries, it is still alive and rampant in the modern age especially, in the developing world. U-Myint (2000) asserted...
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...HISTORY OF BANKING IN PAKISTAN Pakistan came into being on 14th August, 1947; sufficient banking services were available in the areas forming Pakistan. Out of the total branches of the nearly 3,500 in the undivided India, as many as about 1,500 branches were existing in these areas. It was agreed between the two countries that reserve bank of India shall continue to function in the Pakistan territory until 30th September 1948 and that Indian notes would continue to be legal tender at Pakistan until 30th September 1948. Unfortunately, relationship between the two countries became most strained immediately after independence; banking was mostly in the lands of Hindus who immediately started transferring their offices and assets into India. As a result most of the banks in Pakistan were closed down and even those which were open were not doing any effective business. The number of banking office in Pakistan came down to about 200 on 30th June 1948. Branches of some European banks were also functioning in a limited manner, financing in export of crops, and their number was limited to about 20. It was only the Habib bank, which transferred its office from Bombay to Karachi Austral Asia bank was another bank, which was in existence in the Pakistan territory at the time of independence. Despite of best efforts on the part of government of Pakistan, no heady way could be made on this behalf and reserve bank of India was in no mood to help the new country. Imperial bank of India...
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...An econometric analysis of the impact of mobile Dr. Mahesh Uppal is the Director of Com First (India) Private Ltd, a consultancy specializing in policy, regulation, and strategy. Mamta is a researcher at the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER). 1. Summary During the past two decades, India has moved away from its former ‘command and control’ policies to become a marketbased economy. This process started in the mid-1980s and gathered substantial momentum at the beginning of the 1990s. The process of reform has continued in this decade with a further opening of the economy and the creation of regulatory institutions to oversee the march towards fully competitive markets. As a result of the liberalisation, GDP per capita has been rising by 7% annually, a rate that leads to its doubling in a decade. This contrasts with annual growth of GDP per capita of just 1% in the three decades from 1950 to 1980. Rapid growth turned India into the third largest economy in the world in 2006 (after the United States and China and just ahead of Japan when measured at purchasing power parities), accounting for nearly 7% of world GDP. 1 Although India’s growth rate has been among the highest in the world, it remains a low income country. With a per capita income of US$950 in 2007, India ranks 122nd. 2 As well as a low average income, there are substantial disparities in economic performance between states. The average per capita Gross State Domestic...
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...NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1. Introduction. Pakistan is located in a region which is prone to number of natural disasters. Due to its diverse range of terrain and existence of fault lines, the country is susceptible to wide ranging hazards from earthquake to droughts and floods to cyclones. Pakistan has suffered floods almost every year as monsoon rains cause rivers to outflow from their banks. The country also experiences earthquake regularly ranging from moderate to severe in intensity. We have been suffering from drought like situation of varying degrees from many years and the coastal areas are prone to cyclones. There is no comprehensive, integrated disaster management policy at national level for dealing with major disasters like earthquake of 2005 and floods of 2010 and 2011 partially due to limited resources, economic instability and partially due to absence of well trained and equipped disaster management infrastructure. We also lack proper system for disaster prevention and preparedness that could ensure effective mitigation to reduce the loss of life and property damage in the face of a natural disaster. 2. Disaster management is unfortunately seen as provision of relief rather than the management of all of its phases and long term management of risk. We therefore need a comprehensive preparedness, prevention and mitigation strategy with a view to better manage and coordinate activities of various line ministries, departments and civil society. Pakistan...
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...Democracy & Constitutionalism in South Asia: The Bangladesh Experience Gowher Rizvi Ash Institute for Democratic Governance & Innovation Kennedy School of Government Harvard University Today democracy is a universal aspiration. Even the military dictatorships and authoritarian communist regimes seek to cloak themselves with democratic trappings and pretensions. To judge by the list of countries those that have held some sort of ‘popular elections’ to validate their regimes, there are very few governments around the world that would not be termed democratic. Under the rules of electoral head counting it would perhaps be impossible not to accord democratic status even to states like Iraq or Pakistan or North Korea. The leaders in all of these countries and numerous others have sought to legitimize their rule through varying degrees of popular ‘mandates’ and ‘endorsements’. Yet very few of these countries would actually be considered democratic if they were subjected to the more rigorous tests of constitutionalism. Popular elections and renewal of popular mandates are essential, but not sufficient, conditions for democracy. At best, a free and fair popular election is one step in the process of a constitutional democratic government. Constitutionalism, like democracy, is a dynamic and complex concept that is constantly evolving. Although there have been changes in emphases and its nuances, the core of constitutionalism has remained constant over time: constitutionalism is about...
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