...Sexual Abuse of Children Child sexual abuse occurs when an adult uses a child to satisfy their sexual urges (M. Campbell, personal communication, February 8, 2010). There is a “Progression of Sexual Abuse” when it comes to how an abuser chooses and then abuses their victim (Crosson-Tower, 2008, p. 125). The process begins with grooming, a term which implies how an abuser focuses on a specific child by giving them special attention in order to gain their trust (M. Campbell, personal communication, February 8, 2010). Once the perpetrator has the child’s trust, they are able to see how far the child’s comfort zone extends by trying out different things which progress, maybe just touching all the way to sexual intercourse. Sexual abuse then progresses to pressured and/or forced sex by making the child feel trapped within the abusive relationship (Crosson-Tower, 2008). The abuser traps the child by making them feel guilty or blackmailing them, threatening to hurt them or their family (M. Campbell, personal communication, February 8, 2010). Finally, secrecy, disclosure and suppression can either liberate the child, or further entrap them. With secrecy, the child keeps the abuse a secret, whether forcibly or on their own accord. Secrecy on the part of the child may be because they are being blackmailed or because they are afraid it is their fault. Despite disclosure of the abuse to an adult, sometimes the child’s cries for help are suppressed by the person they disclosed to. If a...
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...Vazaskia V. Crockrell-Caldwell Prof. Margaret Griesse T SOC 455: Sociology of Gender 8 December 2014 Domestic Violence in the Lives of Black Women in the U.S. This essay will explore the cause and impact of domestic violence in the lives of black women in the U.S. It will provide general information, such as the definition of domestic violence, statistics, and resources to help survivors leave domestic violence relationships. Following the review of the literature I identify areas which need further research. Since I can remember black women have been characterized as mean and argumentative, but also strong and self-sacrificing for their families. Black families on TV were always portrayed as single mother households. In my community there was also a reoccurring reality of domestic violence against women. This was is in direct contrast to stereotypes I heard about white women, who were portrayed as weak, frail and needing to be protected. Examples include June Cleaver on Leave it to Beaver and the Brady Bunch. But what justified the brutality of domestic violence against black women then and now? In 2011, black females were murdered at a rate more than two and a half times higher than white females: 2.61 per 100,000 versus 0.99 per 100,000. [1] In the U.S. domestic violence against black women has escalated. In 2010, Marissa Alexander an African American woman shot a warning shot at the wall in order to scare Rico Gray, her estranged, abusive...
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...adversarialism? The adversarial system is the two-sided structure under which criminal trial courts in the UK operate. There are four prominent structural features of the English adversarial system. Firstly, the parties dominate the conduct of proceedings with the judge playing a relatively passive role. Secondly, the parties are free to choose the terrain on which to fight out their legal battles and to select their forensic weapons. Thirdly, Trials are continuous, oral and public events. Fourthly, the imbalance of power between the state and the accused is ameliorated by rules and principles reducing inequality of arms. High level definitions or at least descriptions of the adversarial system abound such as that of Lord Denning in Jones v The National Coal Board.They are all to the effect that the judge is a passive and neutral umpire who cannot descend into the arena for fear of having his or her judgement clouded. The adversarial system is said to be the most efficient means of arriving at approximate truth because it harnesses the power of self-interest on each side to unearth the best evidence. Similarly the best legal arguments are thought to emerge from the clash of advocate’s submission on the law. A classic quotation is that of Lord Eldon in Ex Parte Lloyd that ‘truth is best discovered by powerful statements on both sides of the question.’ This follows from the notion that dispute resolution ‘achieving justice’ is the overriding objective of adversarial adjudication...
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... relate to the patient journey with breast cancer. The goal of the research was to determine if these care coordination models eliminated institutional barriers experienced by patients trying to coordinate breast care in a complex healthcare system. It also evaluated the effectiveness of the navigator role as it supports the elimination of barriers to care for minorities and women living in low-income and underserved communities. This study reviewed the results from surveys given to women being treated for breast cancer at different hospitals, and cancer clinics to determine if navigation improves patient access to appropriate evidence-based healthcare. The findings showed higher patient satisfaction and compliance, continuity of care, decreased anxiety levels, and increased social support systems from families and friends when navigation services were provided. Key Words: Patient Navigator; Breast Care Coordinator; Breast Care Patient Navigator; Breast Cancer in Women; Current Studies involving Breast Cancer Introduction Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death and the most common disease found in women living in the United States (Basu, Linebarger, Gabram, Patterson, Amin, & Ward, 2013). The American Cancer Society estimates at least 207,090 women will be diagnosed annually with invasive breast cancer (Kober, Padula, Gray, & Powell, 2011). The mortality rate for breast cancer remains high among ethnic minorities...
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...the question, how do we explain the variation of unemployment rates among the individual states? It is important to clarify exactly what the question is asking and the unit of analysis that is going to be tested. According to the Bureau of Labor, unemployment is defined as “persons who did not work or have a job during the reference period, were actively looking for work during the period and were available for work during the reference period”. Unemployment rates are therefore, the persons that were not working and were actively looking for work divided by the total available working population. The total available working population excludes those who are retired, disabled, and anyone else not interested in holding a job. For this study the unit of analysis is...
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...Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Economics and Finance 6 (2013) 418 – 423 International Economic Conference of Sibiu 2013 Post Crisis Economy: Challenges and Opportunities, IECS 2013 Global Strategy: the Case of Nissan Motor Company Sorin-George Tomaa, Paul Marinescua * a Faculty of Administration and Business, University of Bucharest, Romania Abstract The concept of global strategy has become prominent in the international business and management literature in the 1980s. The aims of our paper are to render in brief the concept of global strategy and to highlight some of the main strategy. Our paper contributes to a better understanding of the global strategy concept, and its designing and implementation in the business corporate world. Further studies can be carried on in emphasizing the role played by global strategies in achieving high performance in a changing environment. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Faculty of Economic Sciences, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Faculty of Economic Sciences, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu. Keywords: global strategy; corporation; business; Nissan. 1. Introduction As the process of globalization has entered a new phase in the 21st century, many corporations think of expanding...
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...References Bryant, D. P., & Bryant, B. R. (2012).Assistive technology for people with disabilities (2nd ed.). Boston: Pearson. Crawford, J. R., Anderson, V., Rankin, P. M., & MacDonald, J. (2010). An index- based short-form of the WISC-IV with accompanying analysis of the reliability and abnormality of differences. British Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 49(2), 235-258. Hetzroni, O. E., & Shrieber, B. (2004). Word Processing as an Assistive Technology Tool for Enhancing Academic Outcomes of Students with Writing Disabilities in the General Classroom. Journal Of Learning Disabilities, 37(2), 143-154. Huang, C., Sugden, D., & Beveridge, S. (2009). Assistive devices and cerebral palsy: the use of assistive devices at school by children with cerebral palsy. Child: Care, Health and Development, 35(5), 689-708. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.00968.x Jooyeon, K., & Minyoung, K. (2013). Reliability and Responsiveness of the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 in Children With Cerebral Palsy. Physical Therapy, 93(3), 392-401. doi:10.2522/ptj.20110374 Kavak, S.T, & Eliasson, A. (2011). Development of handwriting skill in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Disability and Rehabilitation, 33(21-22), 2084- 2091. doi:10.3109/09638288.2011.560335 Klingels, K. K., De Cock, P. P., Molenaers, G. G., Desloovere, K. K., Huenaerts, C. C., Jaspers, E. E., & Feys, H. H. (2010). Upper limb motor and sensory impairments in children with hemiplegic...
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...Campbell Systematic Reviews 2011:8 First published: 14 November, 2011 Last updated: 14 November, 2011 Search date: April, 2011 Dropout prevention and intervention programs: Effects on school completion and dropout among schoolaged children and youth Sandra Jo Wilson, Emily E. Tanner-Smith, Mark W. Lipsey, Katarzyna Steinka-Fry, & Jan Morrison Colophon Title Institution Authors Dropout prevention and intervention programs: Effects on school completion and dropout among school-aged children and youth The Campbell Collaboration Wilson, Sandra Jo Tanner-Smith, Emily E. Lipsey, Mark W. Steinka-Fry, Katarzyna Morrison, Jan 10.4073/csr.2011.8 62 24 August, 2011 Wilson SJ, Tanner-Smith EE, Lipsey, MW, Steinka-Fry, K, Morrison, J. Dropout prevention and intervention programs: Effects on school completion and dropout among school aged children and youth. Campbell Systematic Reviews 2011:8 DOI: 10.4073/csr.2011.8 © Wilson et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. School dropout, school attendance, early school leaving, school failure Wilson, Tanner-Smith, and Lipsey contributed to the writing and revising of this review and protocol. Wilson, Tanner-Smith, Steinka-Fry and Morrison contributed to information retrieval and data collection. Work on this review was supported by the Campbell Collaboration...
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...AS THE OCCASION OF SALVATION 9 John 3:5 9 Titus 3:5 11 BAPTISM'S RELATION TO FAITH 12 CONCLUSION 14 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 15 INTRODUCTION Change: it is an inevitable fact of life. Whether it is plant, animal, human or thought nothing exists for very long without addition or subtraction of some kind. Unfortunately theology is not immune. One need only survey the history of Christianity to see this disconcerting fact. Like a pendulum, however, as theology sways outward from its starting point there are inevitably forces that pull it back. This happened most notably in the Reformation under the guidance of reformers like Luther and Calvin. It has also happened most recently in nineteenth century under the guidance for Alexander Campbell in his abandonment of the Old-Light Anti-Burgher Seceder Presbyterian Church to pursue a restoration of New Testament Christianity; this movement has come to be known as the Restoration Movement. One of the central pillars of doctrine for the Restoration Movement has...
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... In research it is very important to adhere to ethical norms, these values ensure the proper and initial aim of research is carried out. The law of ethics in research prohibit researchers from falsifying information or misrepresenting information to participants. Often times “research involves a great deal of cooperation and coordination among many different people in different disciplines and institutions, ethical standards promote the values that are essential to collaborative work, such as trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness”(Sent, 2003). The critical behavior in research analysis will analyze an ethical issue raised in the article, The Causal Generalization Paradox: The Case of Treatment Outcome Research, written by Graham L. Staines. The article by Staines discusses the causal generalization paradox. The ethical issue at the heart of the article is the use of improper sampling procedures. With the vast amount of research taking place and random assignment techniques, less of a priority is being placed upon random sampling. According to Staines,2008 experimental research typically selects units, in part or in whole, at the convenience of the researcher. The researcher then makes no attempt, or often times only a limited attempt, to ensure that this sample is an accurate representation of some larger group or population. This form of convenience sampling is an ethical issue simply because experimental data...
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...Abstract There are a compilation of many years of empirical evidence that has sought to diagnosis and treat stress and the extreme forms it. The evidence which has, persistently, perplexed scientists are the common stress reactions that are experience by normal functioning people and by those who are, actually, diagnosed with stress disorders. This research will examine acute stress response as it relates to all people who experience trauma or emotional events. The evidence brought forth by this research will define acute stress reaction and acute stress disorder, list the symptoms, and describe the differences between the two. The diagnosing criteria as described by the DSM-IV will be described, as well the history of its inclusion. This study will, also, compare and contrast different available treatments for acute stress disorder and the prevention of the disorder. Finally, a look into the necessary components needed to help people cope with the effects of trauma, will be examined from a professional and spiritual perspective. Keywords: Stress, acute-stress reaction, acute-stress disorder, trauma, treatment, prevention. Acute Stress Response: The Reaction and Disorder When people experience traumatic or emotionally taxing events, there is much to be said concerning what happens when people aren’t treated for the short term and long term effects of these traumatic circumstances. However, in more recent years, evidence points to a series of normal effects of...
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...Are Imprinted Genes Adaptive or Maladaptive? Epigenetics is referred to be the study of heritable changes other than those in the DNA sequence that encompass two major modifications of DNA or chromatin: DNA Methylation, the covalent modifications of cytosine, and post-translation modification of histones including methylation that is a highly intricate process that occurs within each cell as well as supplying fluid in the brain and within the liver, acetylation , phosphorylation and sumoylation (Callinan and Feinberg 2006) which is the is a post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as nuclear-cytosolic transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, protein stability, response to stress, and progression through the cell cycle . Epigenetics is the mechanism that leads to parent-of-origin effects via imbalanced expression of maternally and paternally inherited copies of a gene. It plays a role in several Mendelian diseases and there is growing evidence for its role in common diseases as well as cancer. It is a dynamic mechanism with varying degrees of monoallelic expression between tissues and developmental stages (Wolf et al. 2008; Kong et al. 2009; Skaar et al. 2012; Lawson et al. 2013; Peters 2014). In addition, recent evidence suggests that noncoding RNAs predominantly microRNA contribute to the stock of epigenetic mechanisms that are found in major diseases and that can occur at critical developmental times (Esteller 2011)...
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...bluntreality@gmail.com Abstract This paper examines the prevalence of false allegations of domestic violence within the criminal justice system; detailing how the accused are often viewed as guilty until they are proven innocent. In Part I, I will reveal the problems associated with false allegations of domestic violence, and why this topic is of importance to me. Part II will examine the flawed responses to these accusations that pervade the criminal justice system. Part III will explicate the incentives by vindictive people to make such claims – e.g. winning a divorce case, or receiving custody of the children. Part IV will review the statistical analysis of false domestic violence claims, and outline the cost to not only the accused, but the government as well. Lastly, in Part V I will summarize the topic by arguing that laws should be changed to reflect that some individuals use false allegations of domestic violence in a malicious manner, and that they should be dealt with accordingly. Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………. ……………………2 Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………....3 Title……………………………………………………………………………………….4 Part I. Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………….4 Part II. Flawed Judicial System………………………………………………………….4...
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...School Scholarship Repository. http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr A PATTERN-ORIENTED APPROACH TO FAIR USE MICHAEL J. MADISON* ABSTRACT More than 150 years into development of the doctrineof "fairuse" in American copyright law, there is no end to legislative,judicial, and academic efforts to rationalizethe doctrine. Its codification in the 1976 CopyrightAct appearsto have contributedto its fragmentation, rather than to its coherence. As did much of copyright law, fair use originated as a judicially unacknowledged effort via the law to validate certain favored practicesand patterns.In the main, it has continued to be applied as such, though too often courts mask their implicit validation of these patterns in the now-conventional "caseby-case" application of the statutoryfair use "factors"to the defendant's use of the copyrighted work in question. A more explicit acknowledgment of the role of these patterns in fair use analysis would be consistent with fair use, copyright policy, and tradition. Importantly, such an acknowledgment would help to bridge the often difficult conceptual gap between fair use claims asserted by individual defendants and the social and cultural implications of accepting or rejecting those claims. In immediate terms, the approach should lead to a more consistent and predictable fair use jurisprudence.When viewed in light of recent research by cognitive psychologists and other social scientists on patternsand creativity, in broader terms, the approach should...
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...rate when compared to the other infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The means of transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae is via respiratory droplet from the mouth or nose of an infected person or a carrier. Penicillin became available in the 1940’s which changed radically the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia which was based on watchful waiting. Despite this major development pneumonia still posed a major clinical problem today because of the resistance the organism developed against anti -microbial agents.Penicillin resistance is caused by a mosaic mutation of penicillin binding Protein (PBP) genes due to interspecies recombination of homologous genes. It is also recognized that a penicillin resistant pneumococcal in most cases is resistant to other antibiotics such as macrolide, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol and clindamycin.Antimicrobial resistance have limit the choice of treatment for many pneumonococcal diseased because of resistance these organism have built up against a number of antibiotice.For instance penicillin is said to be resistant to a list of...
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