...The Role of Imaging in Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that affects 0.5-1.0% of the general population [1]. It is the most common type of inflammatory arthritis and is characterized by synovial inflammation that can lead to structural damage of cartilage, bone and tendons [15]. There has been increasing evidence that the early use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) leads to better outcomes [2]. However to be able to treat patients early they need to be diagnosed early and early diagnosis and treatment monitoring are the primary roles of imaging with regards to RA. Diagnosis of RA is frequently done through clinical examination and patients with RA typically present with pain and stiffness in one or multiple joints. The wrists, metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint are most commonly affected. However it is important to note that any synovial joint can be affected. The joints involved are usually bilateral and symmetric and women are more commonly affected than men. Characteristic deformities may also be seen in the hands. [11] CR: Traditionally, radiographs are used for evaluating RA and the...
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...not belong there. Foreign objects may be inserted into the body accidentally or intentionally (MaryAnn DePietro, 2017). They frequently occur due to various accidental injuries such as traffic accidents, explosions or bursts, and gunshot injuries in the maxillofacial region. They are also sometimes swallowed. They can become lodged or stuck in various parts of the body, such as the ears, nose, eyes, and airways. Foreign bodies (FBs) may be unintentionally ingested, inhaled, or inserted into a body cavity or tissue, or may be due to traumatic or iatrogenic injury. They are frequently detected in clinical practice and emergency rooms. Early detection and prompt management are mandatory to avoid severe and life-threatening complications. IMAGING MODALITY IN DETECTING GLASS FOREIGN BODY...
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...Forensic Significance of Radiography in Evaluation of Gunshot Wounds to the Spine Samantha Lawson Introduction Gunshot wounds cases are continuing to increase across the country. One of the most severe cases of gunshot wounds is the spinal injuries as a result of penetration of bullet fragments towards the spinal column. Determining the projectile of the bullet and its position is vital for physicians to treat such an injury. Forensic Radiography is a technique that can be used in medical facilities to determine the exact position of the bullet fragments. Forensic Radiography is quite useful in the medical profession. Understanding the right type of radiography is vital in ensuring that physicians are able to make sound decisions in treating patients with spinal injuries as a...
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...Intervention | A modern fluoroscope | ICD-10-PCS | B?1 | MeSH | D005471 | A barium swallow exam taken via fluoroscopy. Fluoroscopy is an imaging technique that uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of the internal structures of a patient through the use of a fluoroscope. In its simplest form, a fluoroscope consists of an X-ray source and fluorescent screen between which a patient is placed. However, modern fluoroscopes couple the screen to an X-ray image intensifier and CCD video camera allowing the images to be recorded and played on a monitor. The use of X-rays, a form of ionizing radiation, requires the potential risks from a procedure to be carefully balanced with the benefits of the procedure to the patient. While physicians always try to use low dose rates during fluoroscopic procedures, the length of a typical procedure often results in a relatively high absorbed dose to the patient. Recent advances include the digitization of the images captured and flat panel detector systems; modern advances allow further reduction of the radiation dose to the patient. Contents [hide] * 1 History * 2 Invention of commercial instruments * 2.1 Analog instrument * 2.2 Digital instrument * 3 Risks * 4 Equipment * 4.1 X-ray image intensifiers * 4.2 Flat-panel detectors * 4.3 Contrast agents * 5 Imaging concerns * 6 Common procedures using fluoroscopy * 6.1 Gastrointestinal fluoroscopy * 6.2 Cine * 7 See also * 8 References...
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... Imaging Sequences of Crohn’s Disease Crohn’s disease, a form of Irritable Bowl Syndrome, is an ongoing symptomatic disease that has affected as many as 1.4 million people in the United States.7 Although it may occur at any age, the most common onset for IBS is between 15 to 30 years old.7 IBS can be broken down into two categories such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.7 Crohn’s disease is one of the most difficult diseases to diagnose and uses a lot of distinctive tests such as X-ray, CT, MRI, Ultrasonography, and Nuclear Imaging. We will be investigating the optimum imaging sequences to analyze the cause, diagnosis, and treatments of Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease can incorporate any location of the gastrointestinal tract, but it usually affects the area in-between the small and large bowels.7 Although the cause of Crohn’s disease is widely unknown, there are numerous implicating factors. Genetics is proposed as it “is found among first-degree relatives, suggesting a strong genetic component” .7 Other factors that play a part in contributing to the disease can be environmental, for example, smoking and your diet.7 Infectious and Immunologic factors are also considered, such as preexisting infections as a child or the infectious bacterium, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP).3 The optimum imaging sequences to diagnose Crohn’s disease are plain radiography with barium studies, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasonography...
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...COMMENTS ON CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY Radiological Anatomy Radiological anatomy is a medical specialty that employs the use of imaging to both diagnose and treat disease visualised within the human body. It explores various tissue densities to be able to determine structures. It could either be invasive or non-invasive. Radiologists use an array of imaging techniques which include: • Conventional radiography (X-ray) • Ultrasound • Computerized Tomography • Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Interventional Radiology • Radiation Therapy The acquisition of medical imaging is usually carried out by the radiographer or radiologic technologist. The radiologist then interprets or "reads" the images and produces a report of their findings and impression or diagnosis. Central Nervous System The nervous system is organized into two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and the spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body. In the central nervous system, the brain and spinal cord are the main centres where communication of nervous information occur. Both the brain and spinal cord are covered with a system of membranes, called meninges and are suspended in the cerebrospinal fluid; they are further protected by the bones of the skull and the vertebral column. The central nervous system is composed of large numbers of excitable...
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...Introduction X rays have been used in the healing arts immediately after their discovery. However, it was soon recognized that the radiation could cause harmful effects and henceforth one has never read the word ‘radiation’ in a newspaper or a magazine without the modifier ‘dangerous’, ‘deadly’ or ‘harmful’. Ever since its fatality was known, a great deal of effort has been devoted to developing equipment, techniques and procedures to control radiation levels and hence reduce unnecessary radiation exposure to radiation workers and the public. Because we are unable to conduct controlled studies, most of what we know about the harmful effects ionizing radiation has been gathered from health consequences results from its uses and its historical events such as Chernobyl, Nevada Test Site and the most recent Fukushima incident. Providing radiation protection for workers and the public is the practice of health physics. Health physicists delve into designing equipment, calculating and constructing barriers, and developing administrative protocols to maintain radiation exposures (Bushong, 2001). Based on the knowledge of the adverse effects of radiation to the human body, on would practice the principle of as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). One would practice the former principle through the use of cardinal principles which includes time, distance and shielding. Using these as foundation, radiation protection is further enhanced through radiation protection features that...
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...According to Carroll (2007), laboratory evaluation are done in assessing and evaluating acute pancreatitis. She mentioned that initially many biological markers such as amylase and lipase levels, complete blood count with differential metabolic panel, urinalysis and triglyceride levels were being used. However recent studies have found other potential means of concluding the severity and prognosis of pancreatitis. Such promising markers include the use of trypsinogens and pancreatic protease which are used in the auto digestive process of acute pancreatitis. Additional markers that are now being investigated include trypsinogen activation peptide, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, phosphalipase A2 and the cytokines; interleukin 6 and...
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...In 2010, the college was ranked the third best 2-year college in the country by the Washington Monthly. The college offers more than a dozen healthcare programs including radiation therapy and nursing. Some of the courses undertaken under the school of medical imaging radiation therapy include; Oncology Nursing and Patient care, Dosimetry, Radiation Therapy Practicum and Treatment Planning. The course includes introduction to advanced imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (IMR) and sonography. Clinical instructions are offered at the Levine Cancer Institute, one of the largest cancer care centers in the south. Radiation therapy graduates from the college have traditionally achieved 100% pass rate on professional examinations. The program is JRCERT...
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...Medical imaging is the technique and process used to create images of the human body or parts and function thereof for medical procedures seeking to reveal, diagnose, or examine disease or medical science, including the study of normal anatomy and physiology. Radiographers are responsible for providing safe and accurate imaging examinations using a variety of imaging modalities and techniques therefore allowing for the appropriate management and treatment of patients. They use their professional judgement to decide how to achieve a diagnostic outcome. During the period of an examination, radiographers take responsibility for the physical and psychological well being of the patient. Responsibilities of the Radiographer: 1. Applying the principles of patient safety during all aspects of medical imaging procedures, including assisting and transporting patients 2. Performing diagnostic radiographic procedures. 3. Corroborating patient's clinical history with procedure, ensuring information is documented and available for use. 4. Maintaining confidentiality of the patient's protected health information 5. Preparing the patient for procedures, providing instructions to obtain desired results, gaining cooperation, and minimizing anxiety. 6. Administering medications at the physician's request according to policy. 7. Selecting and operating imaging equipment, and/or associated accessories to successfully perform procedures. 8. Positioning patient...
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...sitting several exams at the end of the year. COURSE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS General entry requirements are 5/6 GCSEs at C or above to include Double Science, English and Mathematics. WHAT KIND OF JOB/DEGREE CAN THIS SUBJECT LEAD TO? Success in the A Level will enable you to apply for work in science based companies, the NHS or apply for Foundation degrees at university such as Applied Medical Technology, Medical Imaging (Radiography Technician), Medicines Management (Pharmacy Technician), Oncological Therapies (Oncology and Radiography Technician) and Paramedic Science. It is also very useful for gaining entry to nursing degrees. DURING THE AS COURSE YOU WILL STUDY THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: In the first year you will be studying 3 units which cover all 3 sciences. Two of the units are assessed by portfolio with the third unit being assessed by examination. The portfolio units look at how science is put to use in the workplace. You will visit a range of local organisations and see science in action. Back at College you will learn how to carry out some of the techniques that scientists use at work and write reports about issues relevant to the use of science. As you go you will build up a portfolio of evidence of your growing skills. The examined...
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...X-Radiation Project Abstract This project will look at the history of X-radiation in its notable historical forms and trace the use of the technology all the way to contemporary forms of X-Radiation, including computed tomography. The origins of the two technologies will be traced as well as the improvements that have been made to them over the past number of decades. The importance of the technology will be assessed in terms of its efficiency and usefulness in the context of modern medicine. The finding is that CT, CAT, and X-ray allow for great convenience, lower cost, and higher quality imaging than is possible without these technologies. Background & State of the Art The story of X-rays begins in the late Nineteenth Century when a German professor named Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen introduced the discovery that a cathode ray tube could create a fluorescent glow of crystals that were placed on a surface near the tube (NA, 2014). After giving the cathode ray tube a higher voltage and removing all air from the inside of the tube, the professor found that the tube gave nearby objects a fluorescent glow of light. The upshot for the professor from this improvised experiment was that the tube must be giving off a new kind of ray that scientists were not yet familiar with. The most significant part of Roentgen’s discovery, for modern medical purposes, at least, was that the new ray...
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...medical imaging procedures Radiology is a very interesting subject and has a long history. X-Rays were discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895. X-rays were first produced in a vacuum tube where electronics travelled at the speed of light, 186,000 miles per second. Electromagnetic rays have high energy and very short wavelengths, which are not visible to the human eye. In 1913, an American radiologist named Gustav Bucky made the very first radiographic grid. With one-hundred radiologists per million Americans, approximately eighty-percent of radiologists are men. Full-time radiologists average a fifty-hour work week. The top four areas of radiology consist of: body cross/abdomen imaging, interventional/vascular imaging, breast imaging/women’s imaging, and neuroradiology. Before your examination, a radiographer will explain the procedure to you and answer any questions you may have. A Radiologic Technologist is a skilled professional with specialized education of anatomy, radiation protection, patient care, radiation exposure, and positioning. It is part of their duty to determine how much radiation is necessary to produce a diagnostic image. Radiographic testing is a non-destructive testing that uses X-rays and/or Gamma-rays for detecting internal imperfections and for detecting corrosion. Over the years cardiac imaging has undergone revolutionary development during recent decades. Coronary angioplasty and subsequent introduction of non-invasive imaging techniques...
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...BSc (Hons) Diagnostic Radiography University of Bradford Module Code: HR-4001D Module Title: SAFE AND PROFESSIONAL RADIOGRAPHIC PRACTICE Discuss your responsibilities as a student radiographer in respect to patient care in accordance to Guidance on Conduct and Ethics for Students(2012), and Standards of Proficiency for Radiographers (2013) Cohort Number: 147 University Number: UB 14011714 Date of Submission: 05/01/2014 Word Count: 1991 Contents Page No. Introduction 3 Professionalism 4 5 Continuing...
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...Medical imaging allows us to view the internal structures hidden by the skin and bones, as well as to diagnose and treat the disease these imaging also establishes a database of normal anatomy and physiology to make it possible to identify abnormalities. Although imaging of removed organs and tissues can be performed for medical reasons, such procedures are usually considered part of pathology instead of medical...
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