RECEIVED PRONOUNCIATION
Received Pronunciation is commonly referred to as “standard British” queen English oxford English or even “BBC English” .it was considered as the “standard English” accent although seen as a non-regional dialect of England. The Queen English was once considered to be way to speak and was thus used to teach pronunciation to foreign student of English. these days, its is mostly considered to be out of date and elitist.
RP is a form of pronunciation of English language it is stated that its an account ,not a dialet and through many content, discuss its usage, how its has changed over time the change of its status and didractic charts of its vowels, consonants, diphthongs and triphthongs. Origin of Received Pronunciation
RP was originally the accent of the East midlands region of England in the 15th century. It further spread due to the successful trade of that region, thus attainment of economic success. The accent stabilized in London since trade had spread toward the south of England .
It was also believed to be the pronunciation of British England based on the speech of upper class of south eastern England. It was spoken at the public schools and at oxford and Cambridge universities. Until recently, it was the standard form of English used in british broadcasting.
It is believed that only few people in Britain actually have an RP accent but it is the English that is spoken by the royal family and members of upper classes and the noble.
RP pronounces “h”at the beginning of words. For example; hurt . It also avoids it in such words as “arm”. Most English accents around the word pronounce words like “car” and heart with an audible “r”. received Pronunciation is one of the few accents which does not.
In RP words like ‘bath’ are pronounced an (a:)sound. That is; “bahth”. In northern part of England, it is pronounced with a short ‘a’. that is [a].these accent variation mainly affect the vowel system of a particular language. For example; in uk accents, word are pronounced with an [∂e]in such word as bag [b ∂eg] Cat [c ∂et]
Just like any other accent, received pronunciation, [RP] has different varieties. They include; conservative RP, mainstream RP, Advanced RP, mear RP, Adoptive and upper crust RP.
1. Mainstream received pronunciation
British England in the 20th century has been characterized by dialect lavelling and standardization. It entails two stages. The first stage is the one that effects the traditional rural dialect of the country. This was based on the reason that it was widely spoken bya majority of the population. These dialect are also different from Standard English in their pronunciation and grammar too, majority of the population have abandoned these dialect and turned a type of English that is similar to the urban speech of the city.
Peter trudgil [1998] labeled these more urban way of speaking as mainstream dialect or modern dialects. They are taken to be more like standard English in phonology grammer and also vocabularly . this first stage results into fewer differences between ways of speaking in different parts of a country.
The second stage in turn adversely affects the urbanized varieties of English. For example;in Britain there are distinct ways of speaking in each and every town. These differences in some cases result is that it is actually challenging to be able to determine where a person comes from or his origin. Examples of such features include; Traditional Dialects
These is loss of most features that made traditional dialects different . today only a few are still found in british speech. Examples of those that can be heard include; [A]Grammer Pronouns
In the south west there in use of “her” to refer to “she”
I do go shopping on Monday
I go shopping on Monday Noun plurals
Shoon --shoes
Een --eyes Kin --cows
B]phonology
Scotland; richt -right Dochter -daugher Hame -home
North; spian -spoon Bian -- bone
North east :fower for four Sewen for seven
C] Yorkshire beck - stream Bairn -child Scotland luin -boy Quine-girl Greet -cry
Therefore, mainstream RP describes an accent that we might consider to be neutral with reference to signal regarding occupation, age or even the kind of life that the kind of life that the speaker lives.
2. Adoptive received pronunciation
This is common feature of the past. It is mainly spoken by people who were brought up speaking a local dialect but hare since adopted RP. Such adults are said to never have spoken RP as children. It’s mainly used for social circumstances.
The instructive ‘r’ in regurd us wrong and never used. Also, /// in avoided for example where, when and many more.
Other form of R.P
• Contemporary R.P creceired pronunation.)
-this refers to speaker /// features same as those of younger R.P speakers.
• Conservative R.P
-This is a traditional variety associated with older speakers. It was proposed by gimsim in 1980.
• Advance R.P
-advance and conservative R.P are mainly spoken by both earldaly and young speakers of R.P
• Upper recived /// ( URP).
-This is spoken by the peerage and still promoted in the best public (private) schools.
• Near recived pronunciation.
This manjority has slight characerristic local acents, it is only spoken in few regions. The risional influence on R.P cannot be localized. This group of accent type is regarded as