Speech
Dear members of the examination board, The present diploma paper is dedicated to the comparative study of repeated nomination of a person in the original and in the translation. We aim at revealing the specificity of repeated nomination usage as an expressive means in English and Russian. 236 examples of repeated nomination selected from the English fiction and their Russian translations served as material for our analyses. The aim and tasks of the diploma paper determined the structure of the work. It consists of preface, two chapters, conclusion and bibliography. The first chapter is dedicated to the discussion of some theoretical questions, connected with our investigation. Thus, we touch on the problems of nomination in general, types of nomination. The second chapter is dedicated to the analyses of the repeated nomination, its functional types and the ways of its handling in the translation. Nomination is the process of fixing in the linguistic sigh the features and qualities of the phenomena of reality. As a result, they become the meaningful elements of the verbal communication. In the process of nomination, three elements interact: the object of reality, the notional component, and the sound form. It is known that the repeated nomination, i.e. the way the character is named in the literary work, plays an important role in disclosing his image. The primary, name of a character is his proper name. Repeated nomination is the whole complex of lexical means used by the author to call his personage. It is expressed by common nouns and nominal word combinations. We set it as our aim to reveal and classify the repeated nomination in the text and analyze the way it is handled in the translation. The repeated nomination of a person is stipulated by the communicative intent of the author and performs three functions : characterizing, factual and modal. Factual function is performed by the names denoting different age groups, nationality, professional activity, social relationship ( e.g. cousin, boss, teacher, old man etc). Modal function is based on the category of evaluation. Nominations of this kind help to disclose the relationships between characters. They are expressed by evaluating adjectives: for e.g.: grand person, a little beauty, my squirrel, a nasty guy, pitiful fowl, silly sheep. Characterizing function is based on the description of the character’s appearance, his emotional state. Any detail may be the object of description: hair, eyes, smile, voice, intonation, clothes etc. The comparative analysis of the repeated nomination in the original and in the translation allows to make the following conclusions. The repeated nomination can be preserved and omitted in the translation. When the repeated nomination is preserved in the translation, we observe either the full coincidence of the structure and imagery, or partial. In this case, the transformation of generalization or concretization is used. The full coincidence is observed when the repeated nomination performs factual function. For e.g.: he turned to his brother- in-law and host. (Chesterton). - Он повернулся к своему брату и хозяину.

Concretization is achieved with the help of additional meanings, which give a deeper description of the character. For e.g. He was a tall, fair man,… незнакомец был светловолос
…but it had head of a dead man - но у чудовища была голов убитого… a man like that - этот злодей

According to our material, the loss of imagery of the repeated nomination is observed more often. for e.g.: the lunatic at the instrument - пианист The old fool - старик The partial coincidence is observed in the translation, which perform modal and characterizing functions. The repeated nominations, which perform modal function, are subjected to concretization. While characterizing repeated nominations are subjected to generalizations. The changes in the translation of the repeated information are motivated by the difference in the grammatical structures of the two languages. For e.g.: Father Brown's friend and companion was a young man with a stream of ideas and stories
Друг и собеседник отца Брауна, восторженный молодой человек по фамилии Финз, постоянно готов был низвергнуть на слушателя целую лавину историй It should be mentioned that translation is not a simple reproduction of the original separate sentence. And the inevitable loss of the imagery of the repeated nomination in the translation of one sentence is always compensated by some other means in the translation of the whole text Thus the translator tries to preserve the semantics and the pragmatics of the original text.