...Browning September 1, 2015 Joshua Paul Humanistic therapies are used to help patients gain insight into their feelings, emotions, and behaviors. The three main psychotherapies are client-centered therapy, existential therapy, and gestalt therapy. Psychotherapy has often been depicted as a complete personal transformation—a sort of “major overhaul” of the psyche. But therapy is not equally effective for all problems (Coon & Mitterer, 2013). Client-Centered Therapy was developed by Carl Rogers. Rogers referred to his Patients as clients rather than patients because he felt by calling them patients It made it sound as if they were sick and needed treatment in order to be cured. Rogers also thought that what may be right for the therapist may not be right for the client. It was Rogers that also allowed his clients to talk about what they wanted to talk about in their sessions together. Client- centered therapy focuses on finding one’s true self that is hidden deep within one’s own defenses (Coon & Mitterer, 2013). Existential Therapy has some similarities as client-centered therapy such as, both therapies promote self-knowledge. With that being said there are prominent differences as well. Existential therapists try to give clients the courage to make rewarding and socially constructive choices. Typically, therapy focuses on death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness, the “ultimate...
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...Personal Model of Helping Existential Therapy Model BSHS/312 Therapy is a tool that is used everyday. It helps individuals and families sort through problems that one may be going through. A clinician can use several therapeutic models as a tool. There is the person-centered theory, which increases congruence between self and experience by reducing conditions of self worth. The Psychoanalytic model makes the unconscious conscious through free association. The Behavioral model positively reinforce desired behaviors and negatively reinforce undesired behaviors and to use modeling for behavior change. Gestalt enhances awareness by focusing on polarities and boundary disturbances, and by being in the here and now. The Adlerian model helps the client overcome feelings of inferiority in a socially useful way so that the client has a sense of belonging. The Reality model helps the client discover new ways to get our needs met so that we are able to get along with important people in our lives. The model I choose as my personal model of helping tool is the existential model. The Existential therapy goal is to help create a clients meaning of life by making them realize that they have the freedom of choice and the responsibility for his or her life. This theory looks at independent choice, personal responsibility, self-determination, and freedoms. We as humans have control in our lives and must take responsibility for our actions. This theory creates the question; who...
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...Humanistic/Existential perspective of personality Christine Bernardo Psych 405 December 3, 2012 Thom Mote Humanistic/Existential perspective of personality I would like to summarize the strengths of both the humanistic and existential perspectives of personality. This will focus on strengths and examples of personalities using these theories. Both of these perspectives are part of a progressive and positive attempt to resolve upset and inhibiting behaviors to uncover the better person hiding within. To analyze the strengths of any perspective you have to break down the theory into its strengths and weaknesses. Abraham Maslow has a humanistic theory that is based around self-actualization. This self – actualization is the main part of the theory that envelopes the lower level necessities such as love, safety, esteem and hunger (Feist & Feist, 2009). We need these to survive in a strong positive manner and also to reach the ultimate goal of self – actualization. Maslow felt that other theories did not adequately understand the humanity and psychological health of a person. Maslow has a hierarchy of needs that describes and defines the basic necessities that people need to be the best they can be. This hierarchy consists of five stages of needs, the first is physiological which is the most basic of human needs and consists of the air we breathe, the food we eat, water we drink and maintaining our bodies peak performance levels. The second step is safety, by safety...
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...WILL HUNTING: A THERORETICAL REVIEW Good Will Hunting: Existential and Person-Centered Theoretical Review Counseling Theories Abstract Review the film, Good Will Hunting (1997) directed by Gus Van Sant. This film portrays how the therapeutic process of two foundational theories of counseling and psychotherapy, Existential and Person-centered, successfully opened a door in a futile young man’s search for meaning in life. Will Hunting (played by Matt Damon), a young genius with a haunting past and a long aberrant relationship with the law. Sean (Robin Williams), a therapist trying to deal with dark tragedies of his own, struggles with Will in identifying his meaning in life, while rediscovering his own, works these therapeutic processes masterfully as he journeys with Will in discovering self-awareness, and the anxieties he experiences from the freedom of responsibility for his lifestyle and destiny (Corey, 2013). Sean, through his congruence and experiences, also helps Will see that it is human nature to strive for phenomenological self-actualization, and that we have the freedom and responsibility to change those perceptions of reality (Corey, 2013) Good Will Hunting: Existential and Person-Centered Theoretical Review Good Will Hunting, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1998, is a film that highlights the benefits of therapy for what Corey (2013) calls the “underlying conflicts that bring people into counseling and therapy,” which are struggling with...
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...where you have already made stereotypical or generalized assumptions about other members based on their categorical membership. Be honest and forthright in your admission of this. Describe how these generalizations could affect the group experience for you and others. Based on your reading of Chapter 7, suggest some ways that you could address these generalizations by utilizing the group. (3-4 paragraphs, double spaced) 1b. (10 pts.) In Chapter 8, Day discusses the humanistic approach to group therapy, relying heavily upon the work of Carl Rogers. Understanding this approach is fundamental to being an effective group counselor, even if other theoretical models are employed. The essential premise of this model is that individuals are innately equipped to fulfill their potential as human beings if given the opportunity to do so. Certain facilitative conditions foster that process of actualizaton and the actions of the group leader model those for group members. Review the 15 stages of a humanistic encounter group as described...
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...came up with several various approaches to the human personality. Each one of the following positions or theories all touch basis on different developments of a person’s personality. Whether it is the dispositional approach that theorist state are key traits in development that make an individual unique to him or her, or the humanist/existential approach which focuses more on the evidence for the stability of genetically influenced personality, more specifically evolution and how it applies to the issues of ambition and leadership. Here we will describe the differences between dispositional personality and humanistic. In this essay we will discuss the role of personality in affecting situational behavior. Following this, examine the personality characteristics attributed to each theory in our approach. Finally, we will explain the interpersonal relational aspects associated with the theories selected. . A number of different theories have emerged to explain different aspects of personality. Some theories focus on explaining how personality develops while others are concerned with individual differences in personality. In the following we will review the differences in dispositional and humanistic and the role of personality in the affecting situational behavior. We will discuss why they are each different from one another and who was the founder of each theory. In discussing these two theories we must remember that, in the dispositional approach theorist believe that there are...
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...Student Learning Guide Counselling Methods 1 © South African College of Applied Psychology (Pty) Ltd Developed and produced by the South African College of Applied Psychology Sunclare building, Claremont, Cape Town, 7708, South Africa. 2012. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by means of electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyrighted materials reproduced herein are used under the provision of the South African Copyright Act 98 of 1978 section 12 (1) (a)(b) (3), for private study only by students. STUDENT LEARNING GUIDE: COUNSELLING METHODS 1 2 Table of contents How this guide works ........................................................................................................................ 10 Module Readings .............................................................................................................................. 11 Prescribed text book ......................................................................................................................... 11 Prescribed and recommended readings ........................................................................................... 11 Session One: An Overview of Theories of Psychotherapy and Counselling ..................................... 14 Reading for the session .....................................................................
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...May’s Existentialism and the Epistemic Inventory 2 Introduction Rollo May was one of the leading existentialist psychologists in the twentieth century. His writings have shaped contemporary discussions of man’s struggle with “being in the world,” and the difficulty inherent in such a task. A brief review of May’s biography is useful in understanding the philosophical path which he chose. May was born in Ada, Ohio, the first of six children born to parents who had great difficulty in their marriage. His mother and sister both suffered from mental illness, and their instability caused May to spend much of his internal life in an introspective solitude produced by psychic pain. After briefly attending Michigan State University and Oberlin College, May traveled across Europe where he taught English. He was intensely lonely, and it was at this point that he had one of two epiphanies which would shape his belief in existentialism. May began thinking of his own and other’s inner beauty, and he enrolled in Union Theological Seminary in order to study his newfound optimism. It was during this time that he studied psychoanalysis with Alfred Adler and philosophy with Paul Tillich. He practiced psychotherapy privately in the 1940’s and received his Ph.D. from Columbia University at the age of 1940. During this period, May experienced a second life-changing event: he spent three years in a sanitarium after contacting tuberculosis. This period of solitude allowed him time...
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... III. (2003). Counseling and psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson/Brooks/Cole. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Overview of Models and Theories of Helping | |Existential and Humanistic Theories and Approaches to Change | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives |Identify the components of a model or theory of helping. | | | | |Examine the history of models and theories of helping. | | | | |Examine major existential and humanistic theories. | | | | |Identify existential and humanistic approaches, skills, and techniques for use by human | | | | |services workers. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 5, 6, 8, & 9 of Counseling...
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...Personal Philosophy Paper Sara Hammel University of Georgia Counseling Theory Theorist who have Influenced Personal Theoretical Orientation As a therapist’s experience base grows, I believe a person’s theoretical orientation will narrow, but will also continue to evolve. The core belief system that a therapist begins with is still there, but the platform that a therapist connects most with eventually becomes a therapist’s model. I am aware that my current orientation is rather eclectic in nature. I find a basic connection with Freud and agree that we do have instincts that are innate to every human (Corey, 2013), in essence we are all animals (Freud, 1961) of sorts. Adler was correct when he expounded on Freud’s work and introduced the idea that we are not solely shaped by our childhood experiences. Frankl, May, and Yalom have led me to the idea that there is no step by step instructional book on how to counsel clients. My experience in the military working with a multitude of different people of various religions, ethnicities, and languages has led to my acknowledgement that we are all different and are motivated and driven by many different things. Each person is different; this is what makes us special. No single solution is perfect for any two people, and there are always different variables involved with each person. Also incorporated into my view of human nature is Perls’s concept that places emphasis on what is being experienced in the here and now as being...
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...Counseling and Psychotherapy by Gerald Corey Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning Theory Students: The following is an outline form of powerpoints produced by Gerald Corey, the textbook author, designed to accompany the textbook. Please note that the author is Gerald Corey and this work is produced by Cengage Learning, a division of Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. This work is copyrighted and can be reproduced and used only with the permission of the textbook company. The Therapeutic Relationship • The therapeutic relationship is an important component of effective counseling • The therapist as a person is a key part of the effectiveness of therapeutic treatments • Research shows that both the therapy relationship and the therapy used contribute to treatment outcome Theories of Counseling • Gerald Corey’s Perspective of Theories of Counseling: • No single model can explain all the facets of human experience o Eleven approaches to counseling and psychotherapy are discussed • Your textbook book assumes: o Students can begin to acquire a counseling style tailored to their own personality ▪ The process will take years ▪ Different theories are not “right” or “wrong” ▪ The Effective Counselor from the perspective of Gerald Corey • The most important instrument you have is YOU ▪ Your living example of who you are and...
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...can be applied to help clients cope with anxiety consist of Existential Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy and Gestalt Therapy. It should be noted that the focus of this essay will be on REBT. Anxiety is a feeling of dread that results from repressed feelings, memories, and experiences that emerge to the surface of awareness (Corey, 2009). However, anxiety is not only a feeling; anxiety affects your mind and body. If one’s anxiety level is too high, they may show physical symptoms. It may begin as chest pain, but result in the numbing of an entire limb or even half of a person’s body (Carleton, 2009). Anxiety is seen as a condition or disorder, but it is also noted as a metaphysical and spiritual problem (Costello, 2011). One can experience anxiety due to irrational thoughts that they have created through their cognitions. If a student has the belief that they need to ace every single class, they may become filled with anxiety when a lot of assignments are close to being due. Anxiety is fairly common amongst teens and young adults. The reason for that is because these groups of people are beginning to be brought into the “real world”; therefore there are a lot of changes constantly occurring. With changes there are also uncertainties as well, which can cause someone to experience anxiety. Anxiety can prevent people from fully living their life. Fortunately there are different forms of therapy that can help people lessen the amount of anxiety they experience...
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...Family Counseling Approach Research Gestalt Family Therapy Gretchen Thomas Liberty University Abstract Not every client will be of the Christian faith. With that known, proper integration of psychology, spirituality and theology is imperative to have a successful and healthy therapeutic relationship. There are many theorists with distinctively diverse approaches. The Gestalt experiential family therapy process allows professionals the flexibility to individualize their procedures while maintaining an unyielding theoretical background. The way one views integration has a lot to do with their worldview, which determines their use or lack of use of spiritual methods in counseling as well as help the professional deal with on-Christian counselees. This manuscript provides a synopsis of the history of the Gestalt experiential family therapy framework, the leading figures, and in conclusion an overview of how a personal worldview interacts with the Gestalt theory. keywords: Gestalt, integration, experiential family therapy, worldview Family Counseling Approach Research Gestalt Family Therapy Introduction The experiential model or experiential approach to family therapy has many innovators. The symbolic experiential approach pioneered by Carl Whitaker highlights how the therapist provides counselees different ways to accept and deal with issues (Goldenberg and Goldenberg, 2013). Satir (1967) emphasizes the importance...
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...Introduction to Personality Deanna Guarino-Embry PSY/405 August 12, 2013 Les Binnix Introduction to Personality The fluidity of personality makes the subject difficult to pinpoint and define. The perception of personality continues to fill psychological literature and study with widespread research and theory. Personality is the continuous presentation of attributes and distinctions that contribute to variety in human thought and behavior (Feist & Feist, 2009). To enable more precise understandings of such differences and distinctions, psychological theorists develop explanations and parameters from various contexts. Psychoanalytic, humanistic and/or existential, dispositional, and learning theories help psychologists account for why and how people develop such individual and specific characteristics. They study these characteristics and the significant affects that the characteristics have on human development, as well as, the whole of human nature. Personality Defined According to Feist,& Feist (2009) personality is a global concept referring to a relatively permanent pattern of traits, dispositions, or characteristics that give some degree of consistency to a person’s behavior. Feist & Feist (2009) also wrote "Although no single definition is acceptable to all personality theorists, we can say that personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person's behavior...
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...one of the sources that Ehrenreich used in Bright-Sided. His opinion being that emotional support and positivity helped cancer patients survive or live longer. Spiegel and his researchers used group therapy as their variable for improving cancer patient survival. In his study, his team was the only experiment to actually have results that show significant improvement. Spiegel's thoughts on his conclusion were, “But can psychosocial interventions prolong life? Five studies indicate that this is possible, and another five do not support this hypothesis. Interestingly, none show the opposite effect: that confronting existential issues by watching the loss of others with the same disease or learning more about the disease and how to cope more actively with it significantly hastens death” (Spiegel 7). The results did not show deterioration in the subject's conditions but not all studies confirmed that the hypothesis was true. After Spiegel’s work in 1989, a study came out in the Psychological Bulletin where James Coyne refuted Spiegel's initial findings. In 2007, Spiegel decided to report to the journal Cancer that support group offers no advantage in survival rates (Ehrenreich 37). His contradiction to the study was a hit to the thought that positive emotions help cancer survival. Therapy groups may help the emotions of cancer patients but it doesn't help their overall diagnosis and positive thinking can't help the longevity of their lives. Angela Tod's “A critique of positive thinking...
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