...paper describes the process, which lead to the school-to-prison pipeline concept. The changes that came about in the educational policies and disciplinary practices have enhanced the success of the school-to-prison pipeline concept in the Public Schools across the United States. During the 80’s, the war on drugs and cruel sentencing laws lead to an increase ratio of incarceration per capita in the United States. After the 80’s era, the 90’s brought about a zero-tolerance policy. Law enforcement was used as a solution versus the traditional measures to handle disciplinary problems by the school administration. As a result of this approach, many schools were treated as sheltered facilities which overtime lead to increased disciplinary conduct. The increase sentencing of minor offense by juveniles supported what is now referred to as the industrial prison of complex. Private prisons today, have become big business supported by the judiciary system in its sentencing and are evident by the increase sentencing of young offenders. This paper describes the connection between prison construction and the criminalization of students. In conclusion, this report will look at some policies and initiatives that have formed the school-to-prison pipeline initiative. In researching this topic, I will show the measure from the fact sheet of how North Carolina fair from School-to-Prison Pipeline. I totally find the school-to-prison pipeline to be an injustice to our youth and our society. Introduction ...
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...are targets of the cradle to prison/school to prison pipeline. This is one of the many challenges and stigmas that minority youth are encountered with on a daily basis. In a racially stratified society, there are certain ideas, racial stereotypes and norms that affect our meaning making and decision-making. These biases are roots in our subconscious behaviors, our implicit reactions to individuals based upon latent, involuntary preconceptions (Morris, 2012). Schools have low expectations for low income students and students of color (Fiester, 2010). Minority youth predominately live in impoverished neighborhoods and attend underprivileged schools. Unless, their families are college educated; many minorities face generational poverty. Generational poverty is defined as a family having lived in poverty for at least two generations. Children who face generational poverty lack adequate resources such as: food, clothing, shelter, transportation, higher education, and adequate funds....
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...Race and Social Justice: Land of the Slaves Racism is common. It depicts how people think they are superior to others. Black people have experienced racism or discrimination from white people. Racism in America is like a form of xenophobia. White people harass the people who are not so powerful or who they just don't like. Discrimination is the leading cause of violence in America. It is a strange phenomenon that we are continually scrambling to make sense of. It is evident in our judicial system, schools, and it powers our politics. There are cases of discrimination in our schools, justice system, and prisons. The three articles discuss the causes, effects, and solutions to these problems. Mary Ellen Flannery, in " The School-to-Prison Pipeline:...
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...When speaking about racism, it isn’t just the moral issues that come with discrimination but also with racial injustice. When an individual is born, their race lowers or raises them on the social class systems and even later in life can impact education, jobs, and dealings with the justice system or government. These appear to be more of an injustice that has been created because of racism. These two things do not work independently but instead are constant systems that are impacting each other (Matthew 887). When looking at racism and the repercussions that it has created it is easier to see the injustice that has been created within America. It is looking at the morality and equality that is available when looking at America as a whole. This means taking in several different systems that exist within America, such as education, the government, and society views. This means not just our institutions but the very basic social culture of America and our thoughts as Americans. This is also like the question that is being raised currently of what makes an individual an American and what does an American...
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...and time into our prisons rather than our schools. By showing kids that it is more important to be tough on crime than it is for a proper education is wrong. If these practices continue you can expect to see higher drop-out rates and larger prison populations. Education should be the U.S.’s top priority and we should take pride in the greatest education system in the world. Education provides students not with just knowledge but ethics, character development and self-esteem which are important skills for the workplace and in life. That is why it is imperative that we change our education system to a higher standard and emphasize quality education for all in the U.S. to provide a better future for all students. The U.S. is currently putting less into schools and education while putting more into prisons and defense. States are choosing to increase spending on prisons while the funding for education is constantly decreasing. “In 33 of 50 states, corrections- related costs made up a larger proportion of the general fund than in the previous fiscal year, while spending on K-12 and higher education decreased” ( Hawkins). The U.S. is silently making a decision to keep people incarcerated while caring less about a proper education. What they don’t understand is that a proper education is the key to keeping kids and adults out of prison. We need to work together to put education first in the U.S. so we can reduce our ridiculous incarceration rates. Current school policies of zero tolerance...
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...throughout this semester. Issues have ranged from social injustices, colonialism, and women’s rights. Some included personal tragedies concerning women of Aboriginal descent living in British Columbia. It has been quite emotional at times to actually read about the struggles that have taken place right here in British Columbia regarding immigrants and Aboriginal people. We even got to meet the author of Mercenary English, Mercedes Eng, in person to make the words of her story really come to life. However, not all of the books we have studied convey negative outlooks of certain problems being faced. There have been positive social changes, personal victories and many moments that make the reader believe things can be made right if an effort is put into it. This research essay will focus on the positive view portrayed in three books studied this semester which include: Mercenary English, Active Geographies-Women and Struggles on the Left Coast and the Unnatural and Accidental Women. The positive themes discussed will display triumphs on a personal level, meaningful change on a social stage and a look at how social activism deeply connects people together. Firstly, Mercenary English has a very unique way of showing social injustice, believed to be carried out in the eyes of its author Mercedes Eng. She writes about personal problems she faced, the negative issues surrounding aboriginal people in Canada and historical injustice against minorities. Her writing is powerful, emotional...
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...instilled in me the idea of service, emphasizing hard work and individual effort as the keys to success. However, as I matured and engaged with broader society, I began to recognize the systemic advantages given to me solely based on my skin color. My family played a very important role in shaping my racial identity. They taught me to be colorblind, insisting that everyone is equal, regardless of race. While this message stemmed from good intentions, it inadvertently perpetuated the erasure of racial disparities and marginalized experiences. As I became more aware of systemic racism, I grappled with the discomfort of acknowledging my own involvement in perpetuating these systems. In addition, my education further reinforced my racial privilege. School curriculums often glossed over the complexities of race and history, presenting an acceptable version of reality that omitted the struggles and contributions of marginalized communities. It wasn't until I actively sought out diverse perspectives and resources that I began to challenge my own biases and misconceptions. On the other hand, my economic identity as a member of the middle class has also greatly influenced my life. Growing up in a financially stable household provided me with opportunities and resources that many others lack. I never had to worry about where my next meal would come from, or whether I could afford to pursue higher education. This sense of security and stability has undoubtedly shaped my view of the world and my...
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...highly tolerated. Unlike Japan, some countries, such as the Netherlands, have legalized prostitution. However, their government says it is making efforts to regulate it. The girls undergo regular health exams and pay taxes. They are taken to fenced-in parking lots where they are put on display for men to pick one of their likings. All of it is courtesy of the government. While many national and international organizations are making efforts to fight human trafficking, it is still booming in much of Europe. The U.S. has also taken a stand against it by encouraging other countries to take steps towards improvement. However, the fight can not be won easily. Discussion In our “fairytale” lives we rarely take the time to acknowledge the injustices taking place in our world today. Human trafficking is just one of many. We cannot begin to comprehend its impact on the lives of those involved. Stealing the humanity of millions of people, human trafficking destroys lives and continues to do so. Human trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery that is present in every country, including the United States. (Children for Sale, 2005) Everyday women and children are kidnapped, bought, sold, and forced into prostitution and other forms of extreme labor. They are given little food and no...
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...African Americans are seen as inferior to whites, categorized as lazy, thugs, and criminals who just want a free ride in the world. The demographics of public education has long needed an overhaul. District lines drawn so that blacks attend the predominantly black school in a majority white town is the definition of gerrymandering, but no one is held accountable because the entire board of education is white. Race matters and one could very well see that whites are treated as suspects and blacks are always the victim (Lecture, 2017). The new Jim Crow of mass incarceration has placed many black males behind prison walls with no way of escaping their criminal records once released. Black males are disenfranchised because they have felonies. Since they have felonies they cannot vote, and without voting they have no power. Finding a job seems impossible, however when a job is found they are being taxed. One question comes to mind about convicted felons and taxes, and that is how can the system tax them when they have no representation since they cannot vote? It seems as if no taxation without representation is also a flawed social...
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...in U.S. schools, and that number was projected to increase to fifty eight million by 2015 (Howard, 2010). Over the past few decades the concern over the disparity between the rising number of students of color in comparison to, teacher of color has grown significantly (Waddell, 2012). According to Waddell (2012) researchers claimed that the demographic disparity between K-12 students and the teaching force not only harms the concept of equity , but that it also causes damaging effects on students’ achievement, particularly students of color. A growing concern about the demographic...
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...ACC704 Business Ethics and Governance Lecture Guide Week 6 (Ref. Ferrell et al. Chapter 10; Mander, J., Baker, D. and Korten, D. Does Globalization Help the Poor?) Business Ethics in a Global Economy Does Globalization Help the Poor? by Jerry Mander, Debi Baker and David Korten IFG Bulletin, 2001, Volume 1, Issue 3, International Forum on Globalization During the past few years, we have heard steady proclamations emanating from the advocates of economic globalization and leaders of the Bretton Woods institutions - the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Trade Organization (WTO), et. al. - that their deepest purpose in pushing economic globalization is to help the world's poor. More specifically, they contend that removing barriers to corporate trade and financial investments is the best path to growth, which they say offers the best chance to lift the poor from poverty. They also assert that the millions of people who have visibly opposed the economic globalization model are harming the interests of the poor. Everyone should please back off and leave it to corporations, bankers and global bureaucracies to do the planning and solve the world's problems. Such claims are routinely replayed in the media. One prominent national columnist, for example, says, "protesters are choking the only route out of poverty for the world's poor." In other words, if the protests would stop, the IMF, the World Bank, the WTO, Nike and Monsanto would save the...
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...Shell in the Niger Delta: A Framework for Change Five case studies from civil society sponsored by February 2010 About ECCR The Ecumenical Council for Corporate Responsibility (ECCR) is a church-based investor coalition and membership organisation working for economic justice, environmental stewardship, and corporate and investor responsibility. ECCR undertakes research, advocacy and dialogue with companies and investors. It seeks to influence company policy and practice and to raise awareness among the British and Irish churches, the investor community and the general public. For more information, please visit www.eccr.org.uk. Acknowledgements ECCR would like to thank the five civil society organisations that contributed case studies based on their work in the Niger Delta; Cordaid for generously sponsoring the report; members, partners and independent experts who advised, read and commented on the text before publication; Royal Dutch Shell Plc and Shell Petroleum Development Corporation of Nigeria for providing company information and commenting on the text. Cover photo credits: Friends of the Earth International; IRIN/UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs; Milieudefensie/Friends of the Earth Netherlands; Stakeholder Democracy Network. Disclaimers ECCR has commissioned and published these case studies as a contribution to public understanding. The text has undergone a careful process of fact-checking and review to achieve accuracy and balance. Nevertheless...
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...Kenya Vision 2030 A Globally Competitive and Prosperous Kenya October 2007 THE NATIONAL ANTHEM Swahili Ee Mungu nguvu yetu Ilete baraka kwetu Haki iwe ngao na mlinzi Natukae na undugu Amani na uhuru Raha tupate na ustawi Amkeni ndugu zetu Tufanye sote bidii Nasi tujitoe kwa nguvu Nchi yetu ya Kenya Tunayoipenda Tuwe tayari kuilinda Natujenge taifa letu Ee, ndio wajibu wetu Kenya istahili heshima Tuungane mikono Pamoja kazini Kila siku tuwe na shukrani English O God of all creation Bless this our land and nation Justice be our shield and defender May we dwell in unity Peace and liberty Plenty be found within our borders Let one and all arise With hearts both strong and true Service be our earnest endeavour And our homeland of Kenya Heritage of splendour Firm may we stand to defend Let all with one accord In common bond united Build this our nation together And the glory of Kenya The fruit of our labour Fill every heart with thanksgiving FOREWORD The unveiling of Kenya Vision 2030 marks an important milestone in our country’s development as it comes soon after the successful implementation of the “Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation” (ERS) over the period 2003 to-date. The Kenya economy has now recovered from the slow growth rate of 0.6 percent in 2002 to a projected growth of over 7 percent in 2007. Indeed, the last five years represent the best phase of sustained economic growth in our country in all sectors of our economy notably; agriculture...
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...poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. Strengthening the Ombudsman Institution in Asia Accountability is essential for good governance, and in many Asian countries the ombudsman is the key accountability institution. Originating in the West, the concept of the ombudsman arrived relatively late in Asia. Yet more and more ombudsman offices are being established in Asia, and they play a critical role in the fight against incompetence and injustice on the part of government officials. This report presents in-depth research on Asian ombudsmen, with a focus on best practices and emerging issues, especially in the context of the new public management, and includes recommendations to policy makers. It will be a valuable resource for scholars, ombudsmen, and anyone else interested in this vital institution. Strengthening the Ombudsman Institution in Asia Improving Accountability in Public Service Delivery through the Ombudsman PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL SECTOR, AND TRADE / 2011 Asian...
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...Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 8-1-2012 Deepwater, Deep Ties, Deep Trouble: A StateCorporate Environmental Crime Analysis of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Elizabeth A. Bradshaw Western Michigan University, brads2ea@cmich.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Bradshaw, Elizabeth A., "Deepwater, Deep Ties, Deep Trouble: A State-Corporate Environmental Crime Analysis of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill" (2012). Dissertations. Paper 53. This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact maira.bundza@wmich.edu. DEEPWATER, DEEP TIES, DEEP TROUBLE: A STATE-CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME ANALYSIS OF THE 2010 GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL by Elizabeth A. Bradshaw A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology Advisor: Ronald C. Kramer, Ph.D. Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 2012 THE GRADUATE COLLEGE WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN June 29, 2012 Date WE HEREBY APPROVE THE DISSERTATION SUBMITTED BY Elizabeth A. Bradshaw ENTITLED Deepwater, Deep Ties, Deep Trouble: A State-Corporate Environmental...
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