...Introduction Canada boasts about being a multi-cultural mosaic, a land of opportunity, with a vision to build “a stronger Canada – a safe and secure country with a shared bond of citizenship and values; a country that continues to support our humanitarian tradition and draws the best from the world to help build a nation that is economically, socially and culturally prosperous” (Government of Canada, 2011). Yet a look at the income statistics for Canadian immigrants makes one wonder whom is prospering economically. Are Canadian immigrants given equal economic opportunity when they arrive here, or are they subject to economic inequality? To answer this question, one can first look at earnings statistics and reports from Statistics Canada. This information can provide basic earnings information on immigrants, which will show how much Canadian immigrants earn in comparison to their native Canadian counterparts. A few drawbacks of using this information are that the statistics haven’t been updated since 2006, so the numbers may not be completely accurate, and numbers alone do not tell the whole story. As such, peer reviewed research articles and papers on the subject of economic inequality in Canadian immigrants can be used. These articles and papers provide both qualitative and quantitative information that paints a clearer picture of the situation. However, many of these papers are usually biased towards writer’s point-of-view, so there may be a lack of complete information...
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...There are more and more problems considered along with the development of society in Canada where is an immigration country, one of which is culture clash affecting children of first-generation immigrants by aspects: languages, beliefs and values. First, children who are second-generation offspring are forced to learn at lease tow languages by their parents. Most of parents from foreign countries prefer their children to be trained by their mother tongue first instead the official language of Canada-English or French; in contrast, children need to speak English or French at school. They are worried about their children will lose traditions from the countries where they originally come from; therefore, they only educate their children in their...
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...2. Have immigrants who arrived after the 1965 Immigration Reform Act successfully assimilated?” One of the key ways Card measures the effectiveness of immigrants assimilation is based on the success’s of U.S. born children of immigrants. Recently there have been shifts in immigration, in the early and mid 1990s immigrants came mostly from Europe and Canada, but once the Immigration Reform Act 1965 immigration shifted from Europe and Canada to Mexico, Central America, and Asian countries. According to the census in 2000 only 13.6% of adult immigrants were born in Europe, while 32% were from Mexico, 16% from Central America, and 26.6% from Asian countries. It is assumed from previous studies that education and skill levels are based off immigrants original home countries. According to Card’s data immigrants have a large group of people with very low schooling as opposed to natives. On the other end of the spectrum, immigrants vs natives seem to have similar educational distributions, and immigrants are even more likely to hold more advanced degrees than Natives. From that same data Card was able to conclude that immigrant inflows have exerted upward pressure on the wage gap between high school graduates and dropouts, and downward pressure on the college-high school wage gap. The reason he came to that conclusion is that labor market competition from immigrants is most intense with the lowest levels of education. The other reason is that the effect of immigrants on the supply...
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...Two main waves of Japanese immigration to Canada can be observed in the country’s history. Manzo Nagano, the first Japanese person to come to Canada, settled in Victoria in 1877. At the turn of the century, other Japanese people emigrated mainly from the islands of Kyushu and Honshu. The first generation or wave of Japanese immigrants, known as the Issei, migrated to the Fraser Valley and along the Pacific coastline. Others chose to settle in Alberta, in the cities and surrounding areas of Lethbridge and Edmonton. Those destinations were, however, less popular than the fishing villages, mining towns and logging camps of British Columbia. By 1914, there were 10,000 people of Japanese ancestry in Canada. By the end of the 1930s, a solid network...
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...Immigration and Canada’s Aging Demographic With more people living longer and having fewer children, can the arrival of immigrants help to stabilize the balance between generations? Immigrants play an important role in supporting programs that maintain an aging work force but immigration may not be able to relieve Canada of the challenges of an aging population. One in seven Canadians is a senior citizen, 13.7% of the Canadian population was over 65 in 2006, with the fastest growing group being seniors aged 85 years or old (Soc. p. 278). The proportion of seniors will double by 2031, totalling around 25% of the population (Soc. p. 278) In September 2005, Statistics Canada released a study on the population of Canada. This report gave a detailed picture of past, present and future population trends. Understanding population trends is important to the running of social and economic systems and plays an important role in determining government policy. The report contains a warning that Ottawa and other levels of government in Canada need to make some dramatic policy changes to meet the demographic challenges of the future. The Statistics Canada Report shows that Canada’s fertility rate is 1.5 children per female. With Canada’s aging population of “baby boomers” it means that in twenty years death may outpace births. This means as Canadians we are not even “replacing” ourselves. As a result, the growth rate in our population will change from increases to an actual decrease...
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...Attacks affect Political Discrimination Against People of Japanese Descent in Canada? Mihir Thakkar Candidate Number: 000881-0043 May 2014 Word Count: 1,703 A. Plan of Investigation This investigation will measure to extent to which the Pearl Harbor attacks affected the political discrimination against people of Japanese descent in Canada, including the internment of Japanese-Canadians during World War II. This investigation will be carried out through analysis of various documents about the Japanese-Canadian internment. A variety of sources will be used, from books by victims of the internment to scholarly sources about the war between Canada and Japan. Two of the documents will then be thoroughly assessed, which will provide evidence to properly and reasonably answer the question. This date range of this study is from 1887 until the official government redress, which took place in the 1970s. The question will be answered through factual evidence of the internment, as well as narrative evidence describing other forms of political discrimination. B. Summary of Evidence Racism before Pearl Harbor • • Manzo Nagano, the first immigrant from Japan moved to Canada in 1877.1 In the 1920s, the Canadian Government limited the number of fishing licenses allowed for Japanese citizens.2 • In the Great Depression, the government of British Columbia denied logging licenses and the Japanese immigrants were only given a small amount of social assistance, when compared to the whites...
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...Canada Global Cultural José A. Rivera Osorio GRST 500 Research Paper Prof. Jared Mink April 8, 2014 Abstract Canada is the second largest country in the globe with population of over 32 million, the largest and most important industry Canada has is oil and logging. For businesses who want to expand towards Canada they are eight dimensions of business culture that will be detail in this analysis, and how NAFTA was formed. The agreements between U.S. and Canada with provisions that will benefit both countries, Canada also has bilateral agreements in trade with European Union and Asia, however we will only analyze U.S.-Canada cultures in business. Canada’s History The first inhabitants of Canada were native’s Indian people, primarily the Inuit “Eskimos. The Norse explorer Leif Eriksson reaches the shores of Canada at Nova Scotia in the year 1000, but the country actually begun 1497 with the introduction of the white man, John Cabot Italian at the service of King Henry VII of England reaches Nova Scotia. Canada was lost to the English in the year 1534 by Jacques Cartier which was the settlement of New France 1604, but was then was Nova Scotia in 1608. Quebec was founded, France’s colonization were not successful and ended at the end of 17th century. They penetrated beyond the Great Lakes to the western prairies and south along the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. The English Hudson’s Bay Company in 1670 establishes themselves because of the abundance of fisheries...
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...Postsecondary education provides unique opportunities for student development, and universities need to provide an inclusive space for student learning and development. With an increasingly diverse student population due to globalization, Canada has also seen an increase in the number of immigrants, reaching 21.9% of Canadians in 2016 (Statistics Canada, 2017). However, there are very few studies concerning the challenges and learning needs of immigrant students during their postsecondary education in Canada. Interviews with immigrant students show that even though they met the language proficiency requirement for admission, they did not perceive their own language capabilities to be sufficient to succeed in their courses (Quinn, 2013). Moreover, immigrant students tend to have low...
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...Assignment 2 CANADIAN HISTORY: THE NATIONAL PERIOD Canada have always have taken pride in the fact that it is the land of multicultural and opportunity. Historically, those who had opposed or hated found sanctuary in the Canada. The tradition of pluralism that have began in the colonial era, continued through the nineteen century and on. People from Europe, Asia and Africa viewed Canada as Land of Opportunity, away from tranny and oppression. This however changed as nation moved in to late nineteen century and early twenty century. There was resistance against immigrants and World War I, definitely did not help due to both the social and economical issues that arose with increase of immigration, the Canadian government became involved in limiting immigration, based on their racist belief of white supremacy and other factors. The Chinese Immigration Act, 1923 is one of the documented law mirror the measures taken by Parliament of Canada banning most forms of Chinese Immigration of Canada. During the year between 1880- 1925 great tension aroused in Canadian because if immigration. Those tension mainly due to racism and unsatisfied workers that felt that immigrants were taking over the Canadian work environments and policies led to increasingly stricter government regulations on immigration. During the late 19 Century the some 15,000 laborers were brought from China to do construction work on the Canadian Pacific Railway, though they were only paid a third...
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...OBASAN Just Race? Racism is an irrational bias, positive or negative, towards people of a racial background. It has been a part of the social fabric since recorded history. In Joy Kogawa’s Obasan (1983), the protagonist, a Japanese-Canadian woman by the name of Naomi, is inadvertently introduced to the atrocities suffered by Canadians of Japanese ancestry during the Second World War. Naomi, now an adult, discovers the hardship and institutional racism that Japanese people faced, whereby they were forbidden “to go anywhere in this wide dominion without a permit” and the government had “requisitioned the Livestock Building…to house 2,000 ‘Japs pending removal’” (Kogawa, 1983, p.95), through a series of letters written by her Aunt Emily to her mother. The letters and conversations between Naomi and Emily reveal the impact of prejudicial policies and discourse on people of all ages including, Stephen, Naomi’s younger brother. The themes of racism, both of the subconscious and overt varieties, highlighted by Kogawa are also prevalent in Angela Aujla’s “Others in Their Own Land: Second Generation South Asian Canadian Women, Racism and the Persistence of Colonial Discourse” which points out the role of government as well as the general public in propagating racial prejudice against South Asian women. In Obasan, Kogawa provides evidence that shows how Japanese people faced racial discrimination through and after World War II. Aunt Emily’s letters written to her sister, Nesan...
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...national society. It seems as though many calls for accommodation come from the advocates of mixed-up political precision, the promoters of multiculturalism, diversity and communitarianism. For them, the presence of permanent ethnic and religious groups and of collective rights attached to them is a public good. Reasonable accommodation is one of the ways of upholding differences and the negotiation of the level of accommodation. This model of Canada is what Joe Clark meant when he said that Canada is a “community of communities.” (James) The opponents of accommodation, especially in Quebec, are often inspired by French republicanism, by views of secularism, of equality and of integration of newcomers as equals into our society. They dislike the idea that civil society should become a permanent negotiating session between powerful lobbies. (Mackenzie) This is where reasonable accommodation comes into play. It is the thesis of this essay that reasonable accommodation is desirable for individual freedom and effective integration of immigrants....
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...history of Canada has gone through various events, some of which produced a nightmare for the country and from which the people as well as the leaders are still trying to awake, while making sure that such events do not take place ever again. In this essay I discuss the Canadian Ethnic problems and it's multiculturalism by mainly focus on two typical examples :the aboriginal people and the Chinese who have suffered injustice through out the history in different aspects such as politics and cultural. And later ,by looking at the current situations of the Canadian ethnicity in general and going over the past decisions that the government had made, I try to suggest the possible solutions. Introduction: As we all know, Canada is a country with large immigrants. Therefore , the history of Canada is largely the history of the meeting of different cultures. As its early settlers are mostly immigrants from Central and Western Europe, European culture is playing a dominant role in Canada's culture. Since the eightieth of the twentieth century, as the number of immigrants from different parts increased significantly, the new immigrants brought in their own culture with them as well. Thus, people are now feeling more of the tensions between those cultures and of prejudice felt among these groups toward one another. For this reason, how to deal with the relationship between the different nationalities became a big problem for the Canada government...
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...During the twentieth century, the world saw an ethnic collective undertaking; both developed and undeveloped countries such as Great Britain, South Africa, Canada, Spain and India were among the countries with several ethnic movements. Ethnic groups are “groups within a larger society that display a unique set of cultural traits” (Marger, 2015, 2012). The collective identity of an ethnic group is an intrinsic part of social life; the identities that make them unique from other ethnicities are built based on experiences and traits. On the other hand, many experts argue that ethnicity, as an occurrence is a socially built mainly as individuals select a particular part of history as well as to focus on their dissimilarity from other ethnicities. Therefore, collective ethnicities do not just focus on the somebody's skin color but also on the values and beliefs of their choice, which also includes religion and political beliefs as well. When an identity is passed on from, one generation to another, this process is called an ethnic collectivity. The main focus will be of the ethnic collectivities and the ethnic categories of the Haitian Americans and African Americans. An ethnic collectivity is derived from social negotiation in which an identity is aligned with various elements similar to other ethnic categories, which means that some ethnic group are incline to identify with and relate themselves with an another group in order for them to establish an identity; for instance, the...
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...languages. In Canada this term has particular meaning it means the ability to communicate in both Canada’s official language i.e. English and French. Official language act it declares the equality of status, for English and French, for all government and federal departments. According to linguistic census there were almost five million Canadians who speak their mother tongue other than English and the number has risen since then. There are almost 338000 students who study in school based French immersion program and almost 1.5 million students are taking core courses in other languages. Each province has increased their enrollment in immersion program by 1 to 5 percent since 2000 but eastern Canada has shown the maximum progress, British Columbia has their policy of first come served signup, which delayed their growth in bilingualism. Status of bilingualism showed a decline growth over past few years due to rise of other multicultural groups in Canada. Given the rise of different language group over the last years there is growing movement toward creating Canada as a multilingual nation. I totally support bilingualism, English and French school in Canada but I feel that there should be more options for other language as second language education. Metropolitan cities school has more options of second language courses. Courses like Spanish, Mandarin or Punjabi, for example – have been multiplying across Canada. There is an urgent need to support Canada as multilingual...
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...4.4 Temporary Foreign Worker Program 4.0 Policy Outcomes 5.5 Labour Supply 5.6 Keynesian Theory – Aggregate Supply and Demand 5.7 Demands for Goods and Service 5.8 ADI/IA – Aggregate Demand and Inflation 5.9 Aggregate Supply 5.10 Multiplier effect 5.11 Money market 5.12 Short Term/Long Term Immigration Impacts on GDP 5.0 Policy Recommendations 1.0 Executive Summary The World Bank (2014) identifies Canada as having the 11th largest economy in the world with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $1.82 trillion in 2013 with a population of 35 million (Canada 2013). Immigration has been a crucial element of the development and generation of revenue for the country. Skilled workers play a vital role in the growth of the Canadian economy and range from general skilled workers, professionals as well as business immigrants and foreign investors. There is evidence demonstrating that immigrants do experience some challenges assimilating and this does cause some fiscal burden as more social support is required. Delays integrating into the social system impact numerous social resources and prolong the ability to generate a contributing income to the GDP. The economic entry immigration policy consists of two component including the skilled worker and temporary foreign worker. Although the temporary foreign worker does make up 40% of this sector the focus of this brief...
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