...Sensory Perceptions Victoria Shelton Strayer University PHI 210 Joel Goldstein January 25, 2013 Sensory Perceptions Reasons for believing in the accuracy of sensory information What is sensory perception? Sensory perception is the events or occurrences in the environment a person takes in, processes and understands through their five senses. Three reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information is perception, interpretation, and knowledge. In the words of Jacques Barzun, “In ordinary speech the words perception and sensation tend to be used interchangeably, but the psychologist distinguishes. Sensations are the items of consciousness—a color, a weight, a texture—that we tend to think of as simple and single. Perceptions are complex affairs that embrace sensation together with other, associated or revived contents of the mind, including emotions (Barzun, 1907).” Perception is the organization, identification and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment (2003). This is as a result of organizing and interpreting information that is gained from our five senses which we use on a daily basis. Our senses can be helpful to us in many ways by providing our brains with the right information, or harmful by making our minds play tricks on us. The accuracy of this information that is taken in varies because of many different reasons. Sensory information is gained as first-hand information...
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...Nature of Thought A tree lined street with trimmed lawns and homes nicely kept set in a quiet cul de sac offers the perception all in well in the neighborhood. In this instance, perception gives a sense of security and normalcy. What tools, as individuals, are employed to arrive at this perception? Perception is the process humans use to gain insight of the reality of circumstances using the information the senses provide. The combination of perception, cognition and understanding separates humans from the animal kingdom allowing either collectively or individually the ability to learn and to know a certain reality. An individual one can perceive a situation far from the facts. One’s sensing and memory processes can block logic and influence perception. Teaching oneself the art of critical thinking one can recognize that quiet, tree lined streets may give an illusion of security and normally. Individuals begin at an early age the process of thought and perception, thus, setting the stage for the sensing process and memory. Senses allow humans to experience the world using the entire collective of human sensory perceptions: hearing, seeing, feeling, tasting, and touching. When the senses work in unison with each other delivering information to the brain, in a millisecond the brain attaches implication to the information based on socialization and experience. The sensing process adds to recognition of the stimuli from the external world, and we to react or take an...
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...SENSATION AND PERCEPTION REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (FOREIGN) I. PSYCHOLOGY (Douglas A. Bernstein, Edward J. Roy, Thomas K. Skull, Christopher D. Wickens) BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PSYCHOLOGY CONSCIOUSNESS MOTIVATION EMOTION PERCEPTION SENSATION The diagram above illustrates some of the relationships between different aspects of psychology through sensation. What happens if people are denied on this contact, if they deprived of stimulation form the senses? However, recent research has made it more difficult to draw a clear line between sensation and perception. That research shows that the process of interpreting sensations begins in the sense organs themselves and continues into the brain. Even previous experience can shape what you sense, causing you not to notice. Sensory Systems The senses gather information about the world by detecting various forms of energy, such as sound, light, heat, and physical pressure. For example, the eyes detect light energy, the ears detect the of sound , and the skin detects the energy of heat and pressure. Humans depend primarily on vision, hearing, and the skin senses to gain information about the world: they depend less than other animals on smell and taste. There are also senses that provide information to the brain from the rest of the body. All of these senses must detect stimuli, encode them into neural activity, and transfer this coded information to the brain. Steps in Sensation At each step...
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...too limited to sense all of the millions of external stimuli, but even were these stimuli detected, the brain would be unable to process all of them; our information-processing capacity is too limited. Our sensory system, functions well if the amount of information being processed is within its capability. If not, it will fail because it is overloaded. The role of attention is to filter out unimportant information and selectively enhancing salient input for further processing” (Chennu; Craston; wyble, et al. 2009). Attention was introduced in 1958 by Donald Broadbent, a British psychologist, who wrote in an influential book, Perception and Communication. According to Gross (2009), Broadbent proposed that attention was the result of a limited-capacity information-processing system. Broadbent’s theory proposes that the world is made up of more sensations than can be handled by our perceptual and cognitive capabilities and in order to cope with the flood of available information, humans selectively attend to only some of the cues and tune out much of the rest out.” Information is passed along in serial order from one storage or processing system to another (a short-term storage system) and then on to a long-term storage....
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...Preferences I like my sense of humor, my friendliness, my dedication toward things and imagination. I like my ability to help others and give worthy advice. I hate I have ever hurt people when I never meant to, being dishonest at times and mistakes I have made in the past. I hate manipulating people and those who are not straight forward. I will be discussing the personality trait of being straight forward. This is a trait that I believe I possess and something I like very much. The subfield that this like fits in is personality psychology. Personality psychology puts together the pieces of the person--perceptions, thoughts, motives emotions, relationships--into one unified picture of the whole person. The three major kinds of puzzle pieces, thinking, feelings, and behavior are what personality psychologists are trying to explain, and we do this by referring to consistent patterns of thoughts and feelings that give rise to behaviors. But the relations between thinking, feelings, and behavior are not always as straight forward. People can show similar behaviors for many different reasons. Also we are not always perfectly consistent in our personalities. And the inconsistencies among our thoughts, feelings and behaviors are the puzzling part of the personality puzzle. Engaging the personality trait of being straight forward affects my state of consciousness in a positive way. By being straight forward one can avoid many pitfalls of negative personality traits, such as, having...
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...University of Phoenix Material Week 1 Assignment Worksheet Matching Match the following descriptions to the correct perspective: 1. ___B.___ perspective focuses on how learning experiences affect behavior, and focuses on behavior that is observable. 2. __E___ perspective focuses on the effect of unresolved conflicts from childhood, and how those conflicts unconsciously shape behavior. 3. __D___ perspective focuses on free will, conscious choices, and self-awareness, and views humans as distinct individuals with unique characteristics. 4. ___C__ perspective examines the mental processes used to obtain knowledge, and focuses on how information is processed, stored, retrieved, and manipulated. 5. __A___ perspective focuses on how factors like age, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and income level influence behavior, attitudes, and mental processes. A. Sociocultural B. Behavioral C. Cognitive D. Humanistic E. Psychodynamic Table Provide a description of the function of the structures or hormones listed. |Structure |Hormone(s) released (if applicable) |Description or function | |Frontal lobe |CRH Corticotropin-releasing hormone |Helps with decision making | |Somatosensory cortex |CRH |Sensory receptive area for the sense of touch...
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...Sensation and Perception Chapter: Sensation and Perception Sensation and Perception Sensation versus Perception Psychophysics and Thresholds Vision USING PSYCHOLOGY: Color Visual receptor: The Eye Operation of the Eye Eye Problem: Color Blindness Hearing Operation of the Ear Ear Problem: Deafness Chemical senses—Smell and Taste Chemical Senses Receptors: The Nose and Taste Buds Operation of the Chemical Senses Other senses: Skin Other Senses: Balance and Body Position Perception Figure-ground Perception The Wholeness of Figure Perception Perceptual Grouping Perception and Attention Stimulus Variation and Perception Perceptual Constancies Visual Perception of Distance Visual Perception of Motion Hearing Perception Illusions as "Errors" in Perception USING PSYCHOLOGY: Clothing Extrasensory perception (ESP) REVIEW QUESTIONS ACTIVITIES INTERESTED IN MORE? 183 Sensation and Perception WHAT'S THE ANSWER? Instructors in Driver Education advise their students to look twice in both directions before driving across an intersection. Why? "Watch it, Klausman! Watch where you're going!. . . Well, would you look at that. He ran into the goal post!" PSYCHOLOGY: Exploring Behavior Sensation and Perception 184 Moments later, "Klausman, how many times have I told you? You've got to look where you're going! What if that had been a defensive player from the opposing team? How do you feel?" "I feel OK, coach, but I've got a bad ringing in my ears." What causes the ringing in...
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...defined in order to fit the context of this prompt. ‘Gaining knowledge’ will be interpreted as ‘ways people get and process information’. In order for us to accurately receive, interpret and understand knowledge, we first need to know the relationship between emotion and reason. Knowledge question 1: Does emotion help or hinder reason in the production of knowledge? For this knowledge question, ‘Reason’ will be interpreted as ‘the rational way people receive and understand information’ and ‘Emotion’ will be interpreted as ‘thoughts and feelings that may cause inaccurate reception and interpretation of information’. Emotion and reason make people intelligent and unique among all the organisms in the world. Some may argue that rational people always act...
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...Sensation & Perception * Sensation is the detection of physical energy from the environment which we encode as neural signals. * Perception is when we organize and interpret our sensations * The beginning level of sensory analysis is also known as bottom- up processing * Top-down processing is the information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when someone constructs perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations. * Bottom up processing is sensory analysis that begins at the entry level, with information flowing from the sensory analysis that begins at the entry level with information flowing from the sensory receptors to the brain * Psychophysics is the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them. * Absolute threshold is the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time Sensory Adaptation * Sensory Adaptation- lowered sensitivity due to constant exposure from stimulus. For example, when you go into someone’s house you notice an odor…but this only lasts for a little while because sensory adaptation allows you to focus your attention on changing environment. * This adaptation allows the person to focus on informative changes, leaving out uninformative constant stimulations. Vision * Transduction refers to Sensory energy being convert (transformed) into neural energy/impulses...
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...CHAPTER 1: The Science of Psychology 1. Who founded the first Psychology laboratory and when was it (HINT: it was in Germany)? What else was he known for? a. First Lab 1879- Leipzig, Germany. Wilhelm Wundt, founder of psychology as discipline. Conscious experience and building blocks, trained many early psychologists 2. Identify the following, and the one or two main names (if applicable): Structuralists, Functionalists, Gestalt Psychology, Behaviorism Psychoanalysis, Humanistic Psychology, Cognitive Psychology b. Structuralists: Titchener- Wundt’s student. Wanted to examine the structure of mind and organization of basic elements of sensations, feelings, and images. “Structure of the mind” Example: I see a square as composed of four separate lines. Introspection: observing ones own conscious reactions. c. Functionalism- William James- first American psychologist. “Mental associations allow us to benefit from previous experience.” Deals with function, what does consciousness does to us, what is the purpose etc. d. Gestalt psychology- Max Wertheimer. Objects are well-organized structures, whole objects instead of parts. Ex. A square is a Square e. Behaviorism psychoanalysis – Sigmund Freud. Founded psychoanalysis in early 1900s, focused on unconscious thoughts in determining behavior. Psychoanalysis- feelings come from a hidden place in your mind called unconscious. f. Behaviorism- John Watson, B.F. Skinner. We can predict behaviors...
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...Perception is everything Brain Games created by Jerry Kolber (The Producer) and Bill Margol (The Director) The human brain is a remarkable structure it consists of four major lobes- Frontal, Parietal, Temporal and Occipital which give our perception of the world with the help of our five senses. These five sense organs are well known as sight, taste, smell, touch and hearing. These senses help bring our perception into reality even when eluded with illusions. Illusions allow us to see what is there in an obsolete way. Although the human brain is a very complex organ in the body, it's the only non-physical entity that provides all humans with the distinct gift, called individualized personalities. As philosopher Deepak Chopra states "The mind influences the key activity of the brain, which than influences everything; perception, cognition, thought and feelings, personal relationships; they're all a projection of you" (Chopra, Deepak. "Deepak Chopra Quote." BrainyQuote. Xplore, 17 Sept. 2010. Web. 08 May 2015.). Starting with one of the four major lobes of the brain, the frontal. The frontal lobe of the brain plays a part in planning, judgment, language, memory, motor function, problem solving, sexual behavior, socialization and spontaneity. This part of the brain is used in everyday life. The Frontal lobe is also where the...
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...1859, Theory of Evolution. * Psyche – mind / soul * Locos – study 4 Goals of Psychology * Describe – Detailed of record of ascertain behaviour. Qualitative – names, sex, and nationality, rating/ranking. Quantitative – weights; height, speed, distance, no. of age. * Understand - explain or interpret facts about behavior. The causes of certain. Sign learning. Verbal punishment. Dispositional – nature of personality/ reason. * Predict – predict future behavior. a) Scientific b) Casual c) Cause and Effect * Control – controlling behavior may be done thought planning based on accurate prediction. Traditional Schools of Psychology * Structuralism – structure of the mind. (Edward B. Titchener) a) Sensation b) Image c) Feelings Introspection – a method of metal self-analysis w/c feeling, thinking, & behavior. * Functionalism – how the mind function in the adjustment of man to his environment. ( William James) [ Experimental ] * Functional * Advises * Gestalt – the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. ( Max Weltheirmer, Wolfgang Kholer, & Kurt Koffka ) [ Experimental ] * Behaviorism – The important of learning & environment. ( John B. Wtson ) [ Experimental & Observation ] * Psychoanalysis – The past influence na present. ( Sigmund Freud ) [ Free Association ] 21st Century * Cognitive Neuroscience – Focuses on cognitive processes & relies on the methods & findings of Neuroscience...
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...believe we are still in the mystery of defining the true nature of mental phenomena. (1) Thomas Nagel said that: “Conscious experience is a widespread phenomenon. It occurs at many levels of animal life, though we cannot be sure of its presence in the simpler organisms...” His main thesis is that fundamentally an organism has conscious mental states if and only if there is something that it is to be that organism – something it is like for the organism. We can say that consciousness is basically what makes living creatures perceive and think. Without consciousness, we are unable to think and perceive, and also unable to know what it is like to be like us. If so, we will also never understand or at least be aware of the mind and body relationship. Therefore,...
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...following, we will discuss about why these two philosophical viewpoints are superior and the others are inferior. Aristotle believes that sensory perception of material objects is knowledge and he says, "Our senses begin the process of finding the answer, because they are physically close to our minds." However, sensations and feelings are very subjective, and the results of sensation vary from person to person and even within the same person, depending on the circumstances. What to one person is cold might be warm to another, one person may be more fatigued in the afternoon than in the morning, so that his or her perceptions may temporarily less accurate. Therefore one cannot claim that sensations provide sure knowledge for human beings. | On the other hand, Aristotle sustains that the perceptions of the senses form the foundation which leads to true knowledge. The senses "give the most authoritative knowledge of particulars" (individual material objects). The senses, especially sight, "make us know and bring to light many differences between things." The senses thus provide a foundation that will ensure that human knowledge is true or accurate. Back and forth, we have already discussed that sensations cannot provide true knowledge for humans because of subjectivity, as in this case, this is not necessarily that perceptions of senses form...
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...thought knowledge in human’s soul. Different views of the source of knowledge encouraged a trend of open criticism and set the ground for the rise of studying human learning. After Renaissance, people were released from the restraint of church authority and returned to the environment of earlier Greek. More people interested in studying of human being. Science instead the position of church and many people started suggesting their own thought. Isaac Newton believed that universe was created by God and operated by inserted laws which can be discovered. Rene Descartes thought there were innate ideas built in human which can affect physical bodies, then initiated the development of studying the functions of human body, stimulus-response relationship and non-human beings to understand human. Besides empiricism and rationalism mentioned above, existentialism also rose in this period, which focus on the meaning of human, freedom of choice and the uniqueness of individual. It made a great influence on the development of humanistic approach. When natural scientist tried to accurately describe the physical world, physiologists rose to study the...
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