...12 December 2014 When discussing sexual assault or rape, people often overlook the effects and aftermath of the situation, especially non-physical effects. Those of us who have the privilege of receiving public education are taught about the importance of consent-getting someone’s permission before touching their body-in sexual education classes, or maybe we are taught by our parents or other guardians. Regardless of how we are taught, we all learn that it is wrong to touch other people when we are told “no”. However, we hardly ever take the time to consider that there are more lasting effects of sexual assault than making someone uncomfortable. Sexual assault damages victims’ health physically as well as psychologically (Campbell). It is most common to hear about the physical impacts sexual assault can have on victims. Perpetrators of sexual assault are motivated by feelings of power and control over their victims, and therefore are violent and forceful, which can cause lasting physical damage to the victim. One hundred percent of completed rapes, 39 percent of attempted rapes, and 17 percent of sexual assaults against females result in injured victims. Immediate physical effects a person can experience after a sexual assault or rape include bruising, bleeding, difficulty walking, soreness of the body, disorientation, nausea, vomiting, and tension headaches, among other effects. Some other physical consequences experienced by rape survivors include gynecological damages...
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...Rape Prevention Programs Patricia A. Saylor Criminal Justice 305 Crime Prevention Instructor Spinks August 10, 2015 Abstract This paper serves to inform the Philadelphia City jurisdiction of rape prevention programs that would be suitable for implementation in their jurisdiction. It will discuss trends in three major cities as well as nationwide trends. It also discusses costs of implementation and effectiveness of the programs. The paper asks vital questions and provides answers. There will be graphs and statistical data represented on the current and past trends in regards to forcible rape from the year 2002 to 2012. The three major cities focused on are Houston, TX; New York, NY; and Los Angeles, CA. The jurisdiction the programs are best suited to would be major cities such as these. The program addresses law enforcement in the adult justice system. The paper will explain predicted outcomes for both the short and long term. Keywords: Rape, Rape Prevention, UCR statistics This paper serves to inform the Philadelphia City jurisdiction of rape prevention programs that would be suitable for implementation in their jurisdiction. These programs are aimed at addressing law enforcement in both the adult and juvenile justice systems. Forcible rape is a violent crime against an individual. Forcible rape is also one of the most difficult crimes to track because not every person who has been raped files charges. Cities with a high population such as Philadelphia...
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...The Impact of Acquaintance Rape for Female College Students Word Count: 3,027 Abstract Acquaintance rape, commonly referred to as "date rape," is sweeping across college campuses throughout the United States. Described as nonconsensual sexual contact achieved by force, manipulation or coercion between two people who know each other, it is a form of sexual violence that had been given little attention prior to the 1980’s. Recent studies indicate that one in four female college students will be the victim of acquaintance rape at some time during four years of college making it the fastest growing crime against females in college institutions. However, because there are widespread false impressions among all college students that acquaintance rape does not exist, is not “really rape” or is not a serious crime, many believe that it is not as traumatic to the victim as rape by someone unknown to them. These erroneous beliefs often leave the victims of acquaintance rape more devastated than the rape action itself. The purpose of this paper is to examine the facts surrounding female acquaintance rape on college campuses and the role that crisis intervention techniques play in the recovery from an experience that many experts describe as crippling. The Impact of Acquaintance Rape for Female College Students Every two minutes someone in the United States is raped, and the chance of the victim being a female college student is four times greater than that of any...
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...Incidents of Rape in Connecticut BY: Jason CLASS: CJ3375DL 10T4 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. GOAL STATEMENT, VARIABLES, QUESTIONS P. 3 II. HYPOTHESES/THEORIES P. 4 III. SAMPLING PROCEDURE P. 5 IV. COVER LETTER P. 6 V. QUESTIONNAIRE P. 7 VI. LITERATURE REVIEW P. 8 VII. DATA ANALYSIS P. 10 VIII. RESEARCH FINDINGS/CONCLUSION P. 18 IX. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED P. 19 X. REFERENCE LIST P. 20 I. INTRODUCTION GOAL STATEMENT: To find out who suffers from rape incidents in the state of Connecticut. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: Gender Race Age Knowing the identity of the perpetrator Educational Level RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. What gender is sexually assaulted more often in the state of Connecticut? 2. What race is arrested more often for sexual assault in the state of Connecticut? 3. What is the age group of the majority of those being raped in the state of Connecticut? 4. Are most cases of sexual assault committed in Connecticut by a person known by the victim? 5. What is education level of those being sexually assaulted in the state of Connecticut? II. HYPOTHESES/THEORIES H1: FEMALES ARE SEXUALLY ASSUALTED MORE OFTEN THE MALES IN THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT. T1: The possible theory surrounding this hypothesis is because possibly men are more apt to act physically to fulfill their sexual urges then women, thus increasing...
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...The assault crime of rape can be applied to many types of sexual attacks. Some of the more common types are forcible rape, acquaintance (date) rape and statutory rape. Statistics show that more than half of the victims in these cases were acquainted with their attacker. Sadly, an estimated one out of four forcible rape crimes is actually reported to police making it the least reported of all violent offenses. Forcible rape as defined in the FBI’s UCR Program is the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. Attempts or assaults to commit rape by force or threat of force are also included (http://www.fbi.gov). The rapes reported under this program are always females and sexual attacks on males are counted as aggravated assaults or sex offenses. Forcible rape is often a planned crime and is more frequently committed by a man the victim knows. A victim may be held captive and repeatedly assaulted or it may be a single act. A rapist will feel the need for personal fulfillment and dominance. As a result of this, victims are violated, humiliated and battered physically which leaves them with feelings of helplessness, vulnerability and a lack of control over their personal lives. There are three elements to the crime of rape: carnal knowledge (penetration); forcible submission; and, lack of consent. Penetration is an essential element of rape and means that the male sexual organ entered the female sexual organ. Courts have held that even the slightest...
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...services for rape survivors in Kenya Sexual violence is a serious health and violation of human rights issue in Kenya. Sexual violence has adverse psycho-social and physical consequences on the survivors. Following the violence that erupted after the disputed general elections in 2008, the wave of sexual violence targeting women and girls were the clearest manifestations of the intensity of sexual violence in Kenya. Rape violence threatens the attainment of goals of global development and other national goals as contained in Vision 2030 as it leads to affecting the survivors and their health. Sexual violence is a significant risk factor that contributes towards the vulnerability of contracting HIV/AIDS. Sexual violence is an issue of concern in the transmission of the AIDS virus especially among adolescents. These require measures comprehensive to address the issues of sexual violence and meet the complex and diverse needs of the survivors (Bott, Guedes,Guezmes & Claramunt, 2004). Care for the survivors of the violence starts from medical treatment that begins with the management of physical injuries, emergency medication that will ensure the reduction of the risk of contracting viruses. The care also entails the provision of emergency medication that will shield the survivor from getting pregnant. Psycho-social services offered which include counseling to enable the victims deal with the shock and legal procedures for the victims to access justice. Services of sexual violence...
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...interest. When a person is forced into an action of meaning, like when a victim is forced into sex by an offender (rape), the victim goes through many psychological and physical changes that greatly affects the person. For this research, the Department of Justice’s definition on rape will be the definition referred to every time rape is used: “The penetration, no matter how slight, of the...
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...Part A: Article Analysis For Part A of the exam you will be reading and analyzing a column by Margaret Wente published in the Globe and Mail (see the appendix at the end of the exam). Please respond to each of the following. For question 2 you should imagine that you are writing a letter to the editor of the newspaper that this article was published in. 1. Identify two rape myths that were discussed in class or in your readings. Highlight or underline the rape myths in the text. Use coloured highlighters or pens to differentiate the two myths. Please explain the false assumptions that the author is making. /5 Prior to discussing the rape myths that are used in this column, rape myths must first be explored in terms of how they entail. Rape myths are prejudicial and stereotyped beliefs about rape and synonymous situations surrounding sexual violence [1]. These beliefs are used as a tool to minimize the seriousness of sexual violence. They belittle the act and, in the process, influence self-blame of the victims. This, in turn, decreased the probability of these crimes being reported due to the increased level of victim blaming....
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...Understanding the Effects of Sexual Trauma Julie Johnson Liberty University Crisis Counseling 302-B04 March 8, 2015 Abstract Rape and sexual trauma are not just physical violations, but also violations of mental and emotional well-being that leaves the victim with a lifetime of emotional distress. Victims of sexual trauma are often left with devastating consequences that affect the physical, psychological, social and even financial part of their lives. Because the rate of sexual violence continues to increase, researchers study the side effects extensively. Adverse effects of sexual violence are individualized and very diverse, leaving victims with a broad range of impacts. This paper will define what sexual trauma is and the devastating effects it can leave on the lives of the survivors. It will cover different variables such as the psychological impact of the immediate, short term and long term as well as the physical, social, and financial effects of childhood and adult sexual trauma. This paper will hope to promote further discussions on the effects of sexual trauma left on the lives of the victim as to help any individuals and organizations that might work with the victims of such violent acts. The analysis of this report would aim to support individuals working with victims in the recovery process of sexual trauma from family support, spiritual support, and the counseling process. Understanding the Effects of Sexual Trauma According to Basile & Saltzman...
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...vulnerable to sexual assault. By covering the statistics, the researchers hope to prevent further attack. The following paragraphs include a comparison of university size to assault rates, provide specific examples of sexual assault, and inform about the precautions that many colleges choose to take and the precautions that are being taken in order to prevent further mishap. The first case that people were informed about happened in the early 2000’s and it wasn’t until...
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...Crimes Analysis November 6, 2011 Mr. Stolker Personal crimes cover a wide range of crimes in the criminal justice system. Personal crimes are crimes that affect a person on a personal level. I will go through crimes such as homicide, assault, battery, mayhem, rape and statutory rape. I will show the link on how these crimes can affect a person on a personal level. Homicide is the unlawful killing of one human being by another human being. There are three different crimes of homicides defined in the text. The first being Justifiable homicides that are permitted by law. The second is Excusable homicides, this type of homicide involves fault of a person killing another, but not enough fault the person is charged with criminal homicide. An example of this type of homicide is if a person driving a car is involved in an accident because of road conditions being icy. The person who lost control of the vehicle because of road conditions killed another person in the car they had hit. They caused an accident, but had no intentions of causing the accident or killing another person. The third is Criminal homicide, with criminal homicide the person who committed the act did so intentionally. Criminal homicide is when justifiable homicide and excusable homicide can be ruled out. Criminal homicide is a personal attack on another human being. (Schmalleger, 2010 Chapter 7 page 192) Assault is a personal attack on another person by either a physical act or verbal attack. Assault is an attempt...
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...Angelone, D. J., Mitchell, D. & Pilafova, A. (2007) Club drug use and intentionality in perceptions of rape victims. Sex Roles, 57, 283-292. This exploratory study investigated the influence of GHB use versus alcohol and intentionality on observer's feelings toward the victim and the perpetrator in a male-female rape scenario. The sample in this study consisted of 198 undergraduate students from a Northeastern college; the sample contained 130 females and was almost 80% Caucasian. The participants ranged in age from 18-48 but the mean was 19. Participants read one of four vignettes where a college female had attended a party and had ingested GHB or Everclear, a type of grain alcohol. In the different vignettes the female either ingested the substance voluntarily or was "slipped" the drug by a male, the vignette continued when the female became sleepy and the male brought her into his room and had sex with her, the victim attempted to verbally resist but felt too groggy to physically resist (Angelone, 2007, 286). The victim then reported the rape to police in the morning; the perpetrator claimed the sex was consensual. After the vignette participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire asking about victim and perpetrator culpability, victim pleasure, victim trauma, perpetrator guilt, and the likelihood the perpetrator will be found guilty (Angelone, 2007, 286). Overall the respondents found that the perpetrator was responsible for the crime, whether or not the victim chose...
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...to rape, most people still lack knowledge of the subject and tend to assume they know plenty about it. They believe it is only about the victim not giving consent, and for the defendant to act still act upon their desires even though the victim did not agree to it. While that is relevant to the subject, there is still much to know about it especially when it comes to consent. Based on the scholarly articles that I have found so far, it has been revealed the true meaning of consent, and under what circumstances is it still considered as a sexual assault and when it is not. When a person is sexually assaulted, everything plays a very important role and it will overall come together to decide if it will be considered...
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...‘’Rape’’ a social problem that continues to occur daily and is seldom reported, the rape of a women and children is a violent and alarmingly common crime, often committed by men the victims know and trust A rapist can come from any race, social class or environment. For many years South Africa has been considered the rape capital of the world, some analysis’s tend to blame this scourge on our countries history of apartheid and violence. Over the years the precise definition of rape has varied and thus there is no single agreed definition of rape. In 2012, the FBI changed their definition from "The carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will." to "The penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object or by oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim." The new South African law around rape came into effect in December 2007. This law is called the Sexual Offences and Related Matters Amendment Act, No. 32 of 2007 and considers that males too can be victims of rape. Rape is an act of Sexual Penetration of a victim, without their consent. Rape occurs when * Someone inserts their genital organs into the mouth, anus or genital organs of a victim * Any part of someone’s body, such as a finger, goes into the anus or genital organs of the victim * Any object, like a stick or a bottle is put into the anus or genital organs of the victim * The genital organs of an animal are put...
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...Date Rape "Date rape", often referred to as acquaintance rape, is an assault or attempted assault usually committed by a new acquaintance involving sexual intercourse without mutual consent. The term date rape is widely used but can be misleading because the person who commits the crime might not be dating the victim. Rather, it could be an acquaintance or stranger. Drugs used by Attackers: Drug-facilitated date rape is the use of drugs to assist the attacker in a rape. The drug can be any substance that is physical or mind altering. Drug facilitated sexual assault (DFSA), which is considered an umbrella term for crimes such as drug-facilitated date rape, differs from many rapes in that it is not typically a crime of physical violence but rather of sexual hedonism and entitlement. Though flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) is often cited as a date rape drug because of its high potency, strong effects and the ability to cause strong amnesia during its duration of action, investigations into its actual use as a date rape drug have contradicted popular belief. According to research conducted by Michael Robertson from the San Diego Medical Examiner's office and Dr. Mahmoud El Sohly of El Sohly Laboratories, test results indicated that flunitrazepam was only used in around 1% of reported date rapes according to Robertson and 0.33% according to urine lab tests done by El Sohly. In fact, the benzodiazepines midazolam and temazepam were the two most common benzodiazepines utilized for...
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