...Research on the Topic Sin Taxes Name Institution Introduction It is undeniable fact that the issue of sin taxes existed long before the last financial crisis that hit the globe in the year 2008. The current global situation faced with challenges of health and financial crises, sin taxes are designed to maximize government expenditures with less loss and to reduce or regulate undesirable behaviors considered harmful to the society. The proposed sin taxes by various governments globally aim products such alcohol beverages, bullets, sugary soft drinks, fatty snacks, and gasoline among other products (Black & Mohamed, 2006). Therefore, this research will analyze in detail the importance of sin taxing to various commodities with the core aims of promoting healthy lifestyles, improving society health outcomes, reducing government expenditure, and enhancing environmental sustainability. The success of this research is highly dependable on the use of varied research articles, journals, and textbooks. Cumulatively, the research will illuminate light on the different benefits associated with the sin taxes. Sin taxes discourages people from adopting unhealthy behaviors (Reiter, 1995). The taxes are designed with the core aim of raising prices of the sinful goods to make people opt for healthier goods. However, this do not happen in accordance with the expectations since increasing the taxes on the sinful good leads to people substituting it with...
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...Romans it tells us how we are sinners and we are not going to make it to Heaven on works, our family backgrounds or the amount of times we went to church. Some of the scriptures generally used in this method of Evangelism is Romans 3:10, 5:8, 5:12, 6:23, 10:9-11 and 10:13. Romans 3:23 which has become one of the most popular verses in the Bible to discuss peoples sins, it states “For all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God.” Another verse that is commonly used to speak of what happens when sin is used freely is Romans 6:23 which states, “For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life.” Roman 10:13 tells us how we can gain salvation with the Lord, “For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.” The advantages of Romans Road Evangelism are numerous. The Romans Road approach allows us to witness to someone without flipping throughout the Bible in search for the perfect scripture to give someone in efforts to make them aware of the sin that we have in our lives. Romans, also gives us the immediate capability of accepting the gift of God and His salvation. The disadvantages of using the Romans Road method is, exactly what makes it an advantage. Even though, it is a way to show someone the way to Christ it does not allow us to explore the rest of the Bible and all its beautiful stories. There are many scriptures and faith building people in the Bible that do not get explored through the Romans Road method. Part TWO – Evangelistic...
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...literature 2.1 The incidence of sin taxes 2.2 The incidence of tax on pure rent in a small open economy 2.3 Tax incidence in bargaining 2.4 The general equilibrium incidence of environmental taxes 2.5 The tax system incidence on unemployment: A country specific analysis for the OECD economies: 2.6 Tax and subsidy incidence equivalence theories: experimental evidence from competitive markets 2.7 Tax incidence under oligopoly: a comparison of policy approaches 2.8 The incidence of income tax on wages and labour supply 2.9 The incidence of personal income taxation: evidence from the tax reform act of 1986: 2.10 Tax incidence when individuals are time-inconsistent: the case of cigarette excise tax 3. Conclusion References 1. Introduction: Government generally collect taxes to generate revenue and question arise here is that after imposition of taxation, which group will bear the tax burden. After implementation of tax, there would be the division of tax burden between byres and sellers which is known as tax incidence. Tax incidence is linked to the price elasticity of demand and supply. If supply is more elastic than demand then the tax burden falls upon the buyers and when the demand is more elastic than supply then the producers will bear the cost of the tax. Tax incidence is basically the analysis of the effect of taxation on the distribution of economic welfare. Tax incidence expose that which...
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...Vice President of Operations, Part 1 1. Evaluate key elements of the selected production or service organization’s operational efficiency with its operational strategy. Determine three (3) tasks that do not align with the operational strategy. Determine the weaknesses that are evident in each task. PepsiCo, Inc. operates as a food and beverage company worldwide. Through its operations, authorized bottlers, contract manufacturers and other partners, the company makes, markets, sells, and distributes various foods and beverages, serving customers and consumers in approximately 200 countries and territories. The company also owns Frito-Lay company and Quaker Oats. It has bottling and distribution facilities in Asia, North and South Americas, Africa, Europe, and the Caribbean (PepsiCo 2012). PepsiCo’s supply chain management is based on the just-in-time process which allows timely replenishment of their ingredients for processing and bottling (PepsiCo 2012). PepsiCo does not own or operate the bottling and production facilities it relies on, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Recently, due to strong competition in North America, the company made a strategic decision to focus its growth projection on the international market (PepsiCo 2011). This subjects its transportation and supply chain management system at risk to disruption resulting in an adverse impact on its business and financial operations. Some potential risks are: natural disasters (earthquakes...
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...1. Who owns the CadWatt Solar Cell technology? What rights, if any, can SSC claim to it? The owner of the CadWatt Solar Cell (CSC) technology is Sin Spot Cells, Inc. (SSC) because the invention is related to SSC’s business. Peter even used SSC’s resources to create it while he still was an employee. In addition he signed an agreement with Akiko Yoshida to the CSC technology while he still was a SSC employee. SSC can claim all rights of the CSC technology. 2. What can Peter do to make his departure from SSC amicable? Should he have left sooner? What ongoing obligation does he have to SSC? In order for Peter to make his departure from SSC amicable, he must be completely honest with his supervisor; he should inform her about CSC, and the technology he developed. He can also offer SSC the possibility to invest in his new venture. Peter should have leave SSC before signing with Akiko the partnership agreement to form CSC. Peter still has the obligation of not revealing trade secrets of SSC, not hiring SSC employees, and to not compete with SSC for the next year. 3. Can Peter ask several of his colleagues at SSC to join his new enterprise? Peter signed a no-raid provision when he was hired which prohibited him from hiring SSC’s employees after leaving the company. If he tries to hire a SSC employee, Peter would breach the contract and SSC could sue him. 4. Should Peter hire an attorney? How does he select the right one? Yes, Peter should hire an attorney in...
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...The Fair Tax Act of 2013 is an alternative tax plan introduced Senator Saxby Chambliss (R-Ga) to the Senate Finance Committee on January 23, 2013. Subsequently Senate bill S. 122 and House bill H.R.25 were written. The Congressional findings of the 113th Congress in regards to the Federal income tax, which prompted the introduction of this alternative tax plan, found that the present systems of federal taxation retards economic growth thus reducing the living standards of the United States citizens, impedes the International Competitiveness of Industry in the United States, lowers productivity, as well as a host of other negative findings attributed to our current Federal taxation scheme. Those that supported the introduction of this legislation have the belief that a consumption tax, which is the hallmark of the Fair Tax plan, would have a positive effect on savings and investment thus easing tax compliance resulting in an increase in economic growth and international competitiveness of American industries. Glen R. Hubbard wrote: “A shift from the current tax system to a broad-based consumption tax is best thought of as a two-step process”. His findings first conclude that most elements of consumption tax reform are consistent with moving to a pure income tax with uniform capital taxation. Once there, to get to a consumption tax the key element of reform would be the replacement of depreciation allowances for physical investment with expensing of capital assets. Both of these...
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...changes its spending level and tax rates to monitor and influence their economy. The government will need to increase tax revenues to fund expenditure by increasing taxation by adjusting the income tax level. Role of Fiscal policy The role of the fiscal policy is to monitor the economy and shows the effects of adjusting income tax. The fiscal policy also can redistribute income by progressive tax which is the percentage of tax which is charged due to a person income. This allows mare tax on people with higher incomes to increase tax revenues. The fiscal policy shows that a rise in income tax would lower personal disposal income and profits for sole traders and partnerships, which will cause less spending, less profits for businesses, less investment, fall in aggregate demand and a shrink in the economy. Therefore to get economic growth, the government should decrease income tax which would have a positive effect on personal disposal income, businesses profits, investment and the economy. In addition, taxes affect the distribution of income. Progressive taxes take a higher percentage of a person’s income as their income raises. This makes the distribution of income after tax more equal than the distribution before tax. Taxes There are different types of taxes such as income tax, VAT, council tax, Vehicle Excise Duty, Air Passenger Duty, Excise Duty and Corporation Tax. Income tax is a direct tax on the income someone has. VAT is an indirect tax, which is on all goods bought...
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...Same Sex Marriage Recently the discussion of same sex marriage has been a hot topic in both the political and religious arenas. This controversial issue has caused many citizens to take a solid stance on same sex marriages based on his or her morals, beliefs, and viewpoints. Popular reasons that citizens considered when deciding their stance are civil rights, religion, parenting, and financial matters. This paper will break down the pros and cons of each of the reasons listed and attempt to come to a conclusion of should same sex marriages be legalized in the state of Californians. Civil Rights The Constitution of the United States was written in 1776, which during that time there were no gender specifications noted pertaining to the recognition of a legal marriage. Same sex marriage debate is so large that in 1996, President Bill Clinton signed for the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which clarified that marriage is between a man and woman. The main reason gay and lesbian couples are fighting hard to legalize same sex marriage is so those couples will be allowed to and benefit from the same government, financial, and legal stances as heterosexuals marriages. Several states allow partnerships or civil union for same sex couples, however, they are denied certain rights given to heterosexual couples (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2013). Because of the growing debate of same sex marriages, President Obama administration said that it would no longer defend...
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...PHILIPPINES, ARE YOU READY FOR DIVORCE? Panel Discussion Manila Business College April 26, 2013 4-5 PM Moderator: We will begin in a minute please settle on your seats. I am Justine Toleran and I am your moderator for today's panel discussion. Before we begin, I would like to make a few announcements: Please turn all cell phones off or to vibrating modes, so as not to disrupt the event. If you have a question, please raise your hand. We will start the question and answer portion after all the panelists have spoken. Philippines, are you ready for divorce?! Our first panelist is Dr. Elainee Menor, she received her Bachelor's Degree in Psychology and was one of 7 Magna Cum Laude and was adjudged Most Outstanding Graduate for 1973 by the U.P. Alumni Association. She was elected into membership of the International Honor Societies of the Phi Kappa Phi and Pi Gamma Mu. What is remarkable despite all these achievements is that she is a good listener and extends to everyone regardless of shape, status of virginity, economic class, ethnicity, gender and all. She never stops learning, understanding and sharing. No amount of educational training alone could develop the intelligent heart she possesses. Please welcome Dr. Elainee Menor. Elainee Menor: Good day everyone. First, failed Marriages are at a ALL-TIME high in the Philippines today. It is prevalent in ALL sectors of society. Rich, middle class & poor, Catholics & Non-Catholics...
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...QUESTION 1: Using the five factors (culture, social, politic, legal and economy) choose a product or service and relate how Malaysian Economy has managed to be “above water” which currently other countries face. (min1500words) 1.0 Introduction The use of cigarette for cigarette has been practiced for centuries. The cigarette plant has been grown in America since the 17th century and cigarette has been used in various forms since. The form of cigarette cigarette by rolling the leaves in fine paper was frequently done by hand for those who practiced it, which limited the habit of cigarette. In 1865, a man named Washington Duke from North Carolina began to roll cigarettes and sell them to others for profit. In 1883, James Bonsack invented a machine that could roll cigarettes and produce thousands per day. Bonsack began a business called the American Cigarette Company, which was the first company to produce cigarettes on a large scale. The mechanized production of cigarettes widely increased the popularity of cigarette, and made cigarettes much more accessible to those who wanted to smoke. Premade cigarettes were available for those who did not wish to roll their own cigarette and cigarettes became available in quantities by the pack. In the late 19th century cigarettes were being sold in packs and marketed throughout the United States. Cigarettes were packaged into containers of ten that were marked with the name of the company that manufactured them and various logos...
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...are vaccines / how do they work? -Vaccine: a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease. -Vaccines are a safe and cost-effective way to maintain public health and prevent diseases. -Discovered by Edward Jenner more than 200 years ago -Several ways of developing a vaccine -Possible options are to: Inactivate the virus, weaken the virus, use part of the virus/bacteria. Can be injected or induced orally. -Another option is to not get vaccinated, however this is not the smartest option. Slide 3 Possible side effects and disadvantages -Just like with most things, vaccines can be detrimental. -Rare for most vaccines, however some vaccines have higher likelihood of side effects -Influenza and HPV vaccines have low...
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...html? back=http%3A%2F%2Fdocslide.net%2Fdocuments%2Fsolution-scm-ch12.html) / Docslide (/) / Documents (/category/documents.html) / Solution SCM Ch1 2 Assignment 1 Supply Chain Management Topic: Understanding the Supply Chain Submitted by: Submitted to: Md. Faisal Hossain Md. Md. Akram Hossain EMBA Spring Semester 2013 Assistant Professor ID: 61120-13-017 MIS, University of Dhaka Date: 23-01-2013 Department of Management Information Systems Gateway Why did Gateway have multiple production facilities in the US? What advantages or disadvantages does this strategy offer relative to Dell, which has one facility? US was main market of gateway No inventory stores direct supply no contract with any shipping company Advantages Low price raw material Cheaper logistics http://docslide.net/documents/solutionscmch12.html 1/8 1/13/2015 Solution SCM Ch1 2 Documents Fly UP Shipping Tax Incentives Disadvantages cost increases Difficult to manage quality Different polices for employees What factors did Gateway consider when deciding which plants to close? The markets which were saturated showing poor results, specially Malaysia plant were have high loses Why does Gateway not carry any finished goods inventory at its retail stores? Gateway was really clever in deciding whether to keep such items in inventory or not. As gateway knew that people don’t wait for FMCG product for the alternative but when its about computers, customers could wait. Doing so, they...
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...TITLE: THE IMPACT OF NEGATIVE INCOME TAX OR GUARANTEED ANNUAL INCOME, WITH A FOCUS ON NAMIBIA Introduction Negative income tax (NIT) is a tax refund to anyone whose income falls below the cut off line and the NIT brings it back above the line, it is also know as the Basic Guaranteed Income. BIG is a form of income distribution in the society. According to Gary Becker “any state intervention, any income redistribution, creates disincentives and distortions, but if society decides that a certain level of redistribution must take place, the NIT is the best, the most minimally distorting, solution ever devised." The three countries that are adapted to NIT or basic guaranteed annual income (BIG) mentioned in this paper are Canada, The United States of America and Namibia. Many different sources of funding have been suggested for this form of redistribution and these are: incomes taxes, sales taxes, luxury taxes, wealth taxes, inheritance taxes, capital gains taxes, pollution taxes, tariffs, sin taxes, universal stock ownership, fees from government created monopolies and a national mutual fund. Most citizens of a country do not want money to be deducted from them through taxes. The unhappy citizens will end up moving provinces or countries if the money being deducted from, for examples incomes according to Tibeout. According to the Altruism theory, people might feel the need to help others because they are uncertain about future ...
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...IFRS: FASB and IASB Fair value measurements provide users of financial statements with an accurate picture of the value of a company’s assets. Both IFRS and GAAP require firms to include information regarding fair value measurement practices in the notes of financial statements. Under either system, companies will be required to report assets at either book value or fair value, depending on the situation. As a general rule of thumb, all assets in the same class must receive the same valuation treatment. In regards to the value of receivables, IRFS uses a two- tiered method that first analyzes individual receivables, and then looks at receivables as whole to determine if there is any impairment. Basic accounting and reporting issues related to recognition and measurement of receivables, allowance accounts, recording discounts, the allowance method to account for bad debt and factoring are pretty much all the same between GAAP and IFRS. However, IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) and FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) are taking steps by working to implement fair value measurement, the amount they currently could be sold for, for financial instruments. The FASB and IASB are facing opposition from various factors thus have adopted a piecemeal approach. Step one is to disclose the fair value information in the notes, and second step is the fair market option which permits companies to record some type of financial instrument at fair value in financial statements...
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...beneficiary. By 2030, though, there will be just 2.2 workers per beneficiary, that is, the taxes of two people will have to pay for the benefit that three people’s taxes now cover. That’s a heavier tax burden than either individuals or the economy will be able to bear”. Relating this to the fact that abortion has caused a reduction in the number of workers in the economy. He also stated “According to estimates provided by political scientist Laura Hussey, Ph.D., of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, if abortion had not been legalized in 1973, there would have been 17.2 million more people employed in 2008, earning nearly $400 billion in wages and salary. At the current rates, that would have meant more than $11 billion more contributed to Medicare and at least $47.4 billion more going to Social Security”. All this discoveries amounting to the fact that, abortion has contributed to the reduced numerical productivity of the economy and therefore, does not contribute positively to the economy’s growth but still, abortion is being legalized! According to religious views, some religions are in support of abortion while some are not. They all have what they believe in. For example, the Christians do not believe in abortion; to them, abortion is the same as murder and is a sin against their God. But for a religion like the Islam, most agree that the termination of a pregnancy after 120 days – the point at which, in Islam, a fetus is thought to become a living soul –...
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