...A study comparing the skill acquisition of novice performers against that of elite performers in basketball For this study, I observed a year 7 group of novice basketball players. Many of them had never played basketball before, and some of them had only started playing very recently. I also observed an NBA game, to compare the skills of the two groups. There is a huge difference in all areas of skill acquisition between the two groups of basketball players. The areas of skill acquisition I am going to look at are skill and ability, information processing, memory and decision making. Performance is affected by how well a player can use these different areas, whilst performing. Firstly I observed the skill levels of both the NBA basketball players and the year seven basketball players. There are seven aspects of skill, so I judged both performances on some of the aspects of skill. The NBA basketball skills were very aesthetically pleasing. For example, when they took a shot, they would put backspin on the ball by flicking their wrist so the ball dropped in the hoop, of the backboard. This looked very good, because the arm and the wrist move together, in a flowing movement. When you compare this to the year 7’s, the technique was not performed in the same way. Most of them did not flick the wrist to generate backspin, and shot more directly at the basket, rather than looping the ball. This made their performance a lot less skilful because the technique looked messy and did...
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...) – My arousal levels were high because I was excited to try a new sport and acquire new skills. I was excited because from past experiences I have never tried this sport because of my disability. Personal goals – To learn the basics of volleyball and understand the rules involved. I hope to achieve the correct motor program for both digging and setting. Achieving one successful dig and set is my main personal goal for this week. Stage of learning prediction and evaluation Prediction – To fully understand the rules and able to perform the basic skills of volleyball. I feel that I will remain at the cognitive stage of skill learning. The cognitive stage of learning is where physical movement is slow, having to learn the skill visually and receiving a lot of feedback from the teacher. These are all characteristics that I will show in my first week. Evaluation – the prediction that I made was relatively correct. First I learnt and understood the rule associated with volleyball as well as the basic skills. These included the dig and set. I was given specific instructions on how to perform the skill and gain proper technique. I mimicked what was being shown to me, these are characteristics of a cognitive learner. By mimicking, this increased my proficiency and overall confidence. Digging was the most difficult skill to learn that week, because the motor program was a new skill to learn. A motor program is the set of instructions held in memory that is sent to muscles...
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...receiving professional status. This was given due to the structure and depth of their specialised training and high level qualification. The knowledge gained and the ethical standards of those professionals in their practice. They were governed by professional bodies, adhering to high values and having professional autonomy. These professionals were held in high esteem by society as possessing specialised knowledge and skills, who were equipped to apply this knowledge and implement their skills in the interest of others. The concept of professionalism and having status of being a professional within the early year’s workforce has been a contentious issue. Early year workers were one of the many professions not recognised by society as being professional. Some say it is due to the lack of value society in general placed on the quality and standard of qualification they held in comparison to that of other professions working within early year’s settings; such as teachers or speech and language therapists who held degree led qualifications. Early year workers skills and knowledge were also undervalued which reflected in lower levels of pay with no prospect of moving up the career ladder. It could be said that low pay relates to poor quality of service, while others say it indicates the status of the job. Society portrayed the profession as a ‘woman’s job’ who were just ‘playing with the children’. It is believed that this gender inequality and low pay status was a contributing factor...
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...go to contents page > School of Health and Social Care www.brookes.ac.uk/schools/shsc mentoring a resource for those who facilitate placement learning Developed by The Practice Education Group (PEG) students and mentors School of Health & Social Care Oxford Brookes University Specific contributions by Pam Sharp, Tim Ainslie, Anna Hemphill, Stephanie Hobson Clair Merriman, Paul Ong, Judy Roche go to contents page > Definitions Placement learning “is a planned period of learning, normally outside the institution at which the student is enrolled, where the learning outcomes are an intended part of a programme of study. It includes those circumstances where students have arranged their own learning opportunity with a placement provider, with the approval of the institution…” (Quality Assurance Agency QAA (2001), Section 9 pg 4, Code of Practice for the assurance of academic quality standards in Higher Education Institutions) Accessed on 24.6.05 www.qaa.ac.uk/academicinfrastructure/codeOfPractice/section9/PlacementLearning.pdf Facilitation roles Those who facilitate placement learning undertake a variety of roles which may include support, assessment and facilitation of learning. There is a wide range of role titles that describe these roles including: Assessor, Mentor, Practice Educator, Preceptor, Clinical Teacher, Associate Mentor, Clinical Educator or Practice Teacher. 2 Version 1 September 2005 © School of Health and Social Care, Oxford Brookes...
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...acquired special skill in or knowledge about a particular subject through professional training and practical experience” (Webster’s, 1976, p. 800). It is said that humans are the only species to acquire such knowledge in attaining expertise (Anderson, 2009). Expertise refers to the skills, knowledge and characteristics needed to distinguish experts from novices and people with less experience. The process of attaining expertise begins with learning the fundamental skills needed in any particular domain, while learning to apply sound principles of that domain. Another part of processing is to apply critical thinking skills to find solutions to complex problems or situations. Before a person can excel in a particular domain they must first be willing to learn and absorb information. “There is a relatively widespread conception that if individuals are innately talented, they can easily and rapidly achieve an exceptional level of performance once they have acquired basic skills and knowledge” (Ericcon, Krampe, & Tesch-Romer, 1993, p.366). Stages of Acquisition Acquisition is the act of acquiring, learning or developing of a skill. There are three stages of acquisition, cognitive, associative, and autonomous. In acquisition people are able to experience, learn, and refine motor skills. These skills greatly affect a person’s ability to perform in any physical activity. The three stages of acquisition discuss the processes that people undertake when learning a new skill. In addition...
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...108 Alipato High School Students’ Reasoning Skills and Their Study Habits and Attitude Towards Learning Maricris B. Acido Introduction A major task of education programs is to come up with guidelines and tools to enable students to learn effectively. This is to ensure that students are able to acquire skills for them to carry out their academic and problem solving tasks. UNESCO acknowledges that: On the eve of a new century, there is an unprecedented demand for and a great diversification in… education, and for building the future, for which the younger generations will need to be equipped with new skills, knowledge, and ideals (UNESCO, 1998). The profusion of knowledge and information has led to an increase in the number of issues that students need to resolve inside and outside the school. Knowledge explosion also demands prudence and careful discernment from students who are to choose more relevant and sound data. This would require the acquisition of reasoning skills that would enable them to filter relevant information from irrelevant ones. Reasoning involves providing arguments, premises, justification, and evidence to claims or positions. However, acquisition of reasoning skills requires much from students. It requires good study habits and positive attitudes, as well as good contextual reinforcers and influences. Many educators have noted that learning is dynamic and that it does not occur in a vacuum. Learning happens due to various factors and influences. ...
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...Cognitive Effort and Skill Acquisition According to Newell (1991), “the information processing and cognitive frameworks have had considerable impact on concepts of motor skill acquisition domain over the last two decades.” However, some researchers have found out that “these influences have been indirect.” For what we call, the information processing approach, it “has been concerned primarily with performance, not learning and has emphasized the processes that support performance.” Moreover, “only the attentional accounts of skill learning have treated issues of direct relevance to the changes that occur with practice.” The focus on this field “has been on the how of information processing, with no direct examination of the informational support...
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...108 Alipato High School Students’ Reasoning Skills and Their Study Habits and Attitude Towards Learning Maricris B. Acido Introduction A major task of education programs is to come up with guidelines and tools to enable students to learn effectively. This is to ensure that students are able to acquire skills for them to carry out their academic and problem solving tasks. UNESCO acknowledges that: On the eve of a new century, there is an unprecedented demand for and a great diversification in… education, and for building the future, for which the younger generations will need to be equipped with new skills, knowledge, and ideals (UNESCO, 1998). The profusion of knowledge and information has led to an increase in the number of issues that students need to resolve inside and outside the school. Knowledge explosion also demands prudence and careful discernment from students who are to choose more relevant and sound data. This would require the acquisition of reasoning skills that would enable them to filter relevant information from irrelevant ones. Reasoning involves providing arguments, premises, justification, and evidence to claims or positions. However, acquisition of reasoning skills requires much from students. It requires good study habits and positive attitudes, as well as good contextual reinforcers and influences. Many educators have noted that learning is dynamic and that it does not occur in a vacuum. Learning happens due to various factors and influences. ...
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...processes and reducing costs by effective human resources |(Dreher & Dougherty, 2001,p.4). | |Equity Theory |practices Organizational Capability | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |With the new transition and acquisition of Enviro Tech rumors around the |“The source of the lack of motivation| | |organization have the employees with a low morale because they feel many cuts|for performing the behavior, or (2) a| | |will be made and many are concerned on how to reach their expected sales |lack of high instrumentalities for | |Organizational Capability|production while training and learning new products. |performing the behavior (or | | |...
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...Development (HRD). The purpose of HRD is to enhance employee performance/productivity, which leads to employee and customer satisfaction and an increase in the profitability of the organization. Training (Saks and Haccoun ,2011) describe training as: the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities to improve performance in one’s current job. It usually consists of a short term focus on acquiring skills to perform the job. For example: In a company after hiring the right person that has skills and knowledge to fulfill the job role, in order to get started they must be introduced to their new working environment. This can be done through training. A classic example is that most companies have programs/ systems that are specific to their needs, in which a new employee must be trained to gain the knowledge and skill. Development Development is the other component of development and training, it can be defined as: the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities required to perform future job responsibilities (Saks and Haccoun, 2011). For example: a cashier at Einstein bagels desires to become a shift leader. The company can support the employee by setting up a plan/program they can follow to impart the knowledge and skills to better prepare for that job role. Based on the above definitions, training and development...
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...SUPERVALU, Inc. Analysis of Professional Development Program There were only a few strengths in SUPERVALU’s Professional Development Program (PDP). The mere fact that they recognized they needed a program to develop leaders was one positive. As Paul Cimmerer indicated in the article, “SUPERVALU was not doing a good enough job of bringing new people on board or grooming them for growth and effectiveness.” That was the genesis behind the PDP program - to attract and prepare high-potential college graduates for successful management careers. In addition, it did provide rotational experience for the new hires, as they would spend one year in their work area of choice and then next year would spend six months in the two other areas before returning to their home bases for career assignments. This provided the employee with the opportunity to broaden their knowledge of the SUPERVALU, Inc. business. Both of these items indicated that SUPERVALU, Inc. was at least thinking about what it took to train a leader to do the basics of leadership. The last positive outcome of the PDP effort was that SUPERVALU recognized it as just the beginning of training and development programs within the company. This indicated they recognized they needed to do more in the area of training their leadership. The fundamental problem with their PDP effort was it was focused at creating leaders, not a leadership brand. In fact, the PDP was not even covering all the basics of developing a leader. ...
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...Sometimes, I find difficulties in dealing with children with different disabilities. This program provides the answers to the tutors who face such obstacles. It offers the ways to overcome them using the most suitable methods avoiding the attitudes which may hurt or disrespect those students. As follows, learners with different physical and mental abilities are dealt with professionally, academically and pedagogically. Then, the CELTA program is a golden opportunity to grasp the appropriate tools and modern means of facilitating the transmission of data to students, while assessing their skills. Its objective is to guarantee English-language proficiency. Consequently, teachers become a bridge between students and language. Instructors guide students through employing the suitable techniques to secure their professional...
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...March 2015 RE: Dear………… I am writing to respond to your request as regards my motivation for the studies as well as my skills. I first became interested in a career in ……… through attending a series of careers presentations by my employers at my place of work. The talk on ……….. by your ………… impressed me most and led me to feel that studying as an ……….. would combine my skills and interest in business, problem-solving, and working with people. The work experience I obtained during my NYSC, CONSTR and PREPAID was extremely useful and I greatly enjoyed being in a health environment. I am now particularly excited about fulfilling my potential in a ……..and my choice of career has been confirmed by wide reading of careers literature on the profession. I a driving force pushing me to explore new skill and knowledge acquisition. It may sound trivial but this opportunity gives me a feel up for challenges. It is In human nature to conform to a certain repetitiveness and to stagnat in a comfort zone. This limits your disposition for learning and new skill acquisition. The study deals with the newest management techniques. I constantly want to challenge myself with new practices and approaches. It would also provide me with the channels that will keep this challenge alive and push me to continuously improve. My communication skills have greatly developed both through my work experience at the HMO and through my degree. During my course I have not only written...
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...A new paradigm in management training Dr J. A. MacAskill, Dean, Dr Muhammad Farmer, Director St James’s Business School, 23 King Street, London SW1Y 6QY INTRODUCTION Graduates, perhaps at no other time in an economic cycle, require the ability to integrate and transfer their conceptual understanding to novel situations in a practical way. The context in which one learns is a formative experience in promoting knowledge transfer. If knowledge is taught in one dimension then it intrinsically places a barrier to adaptive and flexible learning and its application. Alternatively, knowledge acquisition taught in multiple contexts promotes a student’s ability to assimilate, analyse, articulate and implement action plans. This ability to extract knowledge and abstract the concepts and principles relevant to any given situation is undoubtedly promoted through a more flexible multi-context presentation of knowledge. Furthermore, in a management and leadership development context it presents information in a form that will be more relevant to executive work patterns and operational requirements. In an educational sense this requires commonality of experience and the conceptual frameworks of the learners and their tutors to ensure that the ability to move easily between the cognitive elements being described and the desired practical outcome is achievable. At the centre of British Institute of Technology and E-commerce (BITE) educational philosophy lies the concept of...
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...shocking to him how leaders today still are afraid to change their environments within the workplace. Any business must be able to readily adapt and change at any moment. With today’s evolving markets it is key to possess these attributes to succeed. Many leaders today are afraid to shift change or learn how to change because they are scared to go against the social norm, and this is where we fail as leaders. Schein explains how we must understand that learning is not a unitary concept. He breaks learning down into three separate categories including: knowledge acquisition and insight, habit and skill learning, and emotional conditioning and learned anxiety. Schein associates knowledge acquisition and insight with a concept called Anxiety 1, which is the feeling associated with an inability, or unwillingness to learn something new because it appears too difficult or disruptive. He explains for habit and skill learning to take hold, we need opportunities, to practice and make mistakes. He also mentions the concept of Anxiety 2 as the fear, shame, or guilt, associated with not learning anything new. For us as workers not to conform to these Anxiety’s and norms, and for change to occur, me must destabilize the organization and simultaneously manage three processes in the workplace. These include: disconfirmation, creation or guilt or anxiety, and creation of psychological safety. People are almost always going to feel anxiety become uncomfortable when trying to change...
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