... | |Case Study | | | | Chidozie B Nzom | |12/04/2014 | | | | | | | | | Introduction The MGM Grand fire occurred on November 21, 1980 at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino in Paradise, Nevada, USA, now bally’s Las Vegas. The fire killed 85 people, and more than 650 were injured, mostly through smoke inhalation. The tragedy remains the...
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...done and hundreds of thousands of smokers have tried to quit multiple times. Finally there is a viable alternative; electronic cigarettes. Electronic cigarettes enable smokers to avoid the damage combusted tobacco does, yet avoid withdrawals or having to “break the habit”. Electronic cigarette use is one-sixth the cost, doesn’t stink, or stain walls and teeth. Furthermore there are no objectionable smells and can be enjoyed almost anywhere without having to step outside. Users inhale a vaporized propylene glycol liquid that contains nicotine and flavorant, all that’s exhaled is a water vapor. Best of all electronic cigarettes are far healthier and have little or no health drawbacks. Smokers sicken or die from the other chemicals in the smoke not the nicotine (T Powledge, 2004). E-Cigarette liquid is composed of liquid nicotine in a propylene glycol and/or vegetable glycerin carrier fluid and food flavorings. Analysis of e-cigarette liquid shows 1000 to 1500 times less carcinogens than combusted tobacco and no tar or other substances that could accumulate in the lungs and impair function. A far fewer array of toxins are in the nicotine liquid and those found were only trace amounts at the limits of detectability and well within safe...
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...homeowner burning trash has been for centuries the means of disposing refuse in areas that do not have organized garbage collection. As the modern industrial chemical production continues to increase, making products that make everyday life in the modern world more accessible, burning that waste stream at low temperatures products highly toxic compounds releasing not only in the air via smoke but also in ash runoff, and smoke fume condensation on possible food sources. Countless toxicological studies have been conducted on dioxins, furans and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs). That information will be leveraged here to compliment the toxicity and pollutant effects of these chemicals, yet the emphasis is not political, environmental, nor humanitarian. It is about highlighting the non-industrial emissions, choices in some cases, and for others the realization, that these toxic chemicals are a result of disposing product we receive from the modern industrialized world. Dioxins, furans and PCBs are unwanted by-products of burning of household trash, oil heating, burning wood stoves, and diesel exhaust smoke, and certain industrial processes. The EPA, now considers non-industrial burning of household wastes in burn barrels to be the largest emissions source of dioxins, furans and PCBs (Dow Chemical, 2014). Dioxins, furans, and PCBs, are all considered toxic to...
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...Should Marijuana Be a Medical Option? Isaac S Gray Colorado State University Global Campus Hum101-3 Critical Reasoning Michelle Vondley Ph.D Should marijuana be a medical option? Marijuana and its medicinal benefis has been a topic of discussion for centuries, in fact Patrick and Claire (as stated in Time magazine, 2009) states “as early as 2737 B.C., the mystical Emperor Shen Neng of China was prescribing marijuana tea for the treatment of gout, rheumatism, malaria and, oddly enough, poor memory. The drug's popularity as a medicine spread throughout Asia, the Middle East and down the eastern coast of Africa, and certain Hindu sects in India used marijuana for religious purposes and stress relief. Ancient physicians prescribed marijuana for everything from pain relief to earache to childbirth. Doctors also warned against overuse of marijuana, believing that too much consumption caused impotence, blindness and "seeing devils."” (para 1). As you can see the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes has been around for a very long time. Just as with any other medicines, drugs etc., just because it was used in “ancient times” or long ago doesn’t mean it is safe now, but to know the history in which it has been documented to be effective for medicinal purposes goes a long way in the debate of whether marijuana should be accepted as medicine. Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration hasn't approved marijuana for any health condition, some states allow its use for certain...
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...Short-term exposure and inhalation of acrolein can cause discomfort, congestion, and slight irritation in the eye (watery eyes), nasal cavity, nose, throat, windpipe, voice box, and upper respiratory tract (at approximately 0.09 ppm). It also causes a decrease in respiratory rate (at approximately 0.3ppm). However these effects disappear some time after the exposure to acrolein is over. Some of the effects of long-term exposure and inhalation to acrolein in human are respiratory congestion and stronger irritation with the eye (including burning sensation), the mucus membrane, the nose, and the throat. The organ that is targeted the most in acrolein toxicity is the respiratory system. Being exposed to very high levels of acrolein can seriously affect the lungs of a human being by causing fluid to build up inside the lungs. The damaging of lungs caused by the inhalation and exposure of acrolein could lead to the damage of the respiratory system and eventually even result in death. Inhalation of high level of acrolein can also impact the central nervous system. Acrolein is even identified by some scientists as a possible cancer-causing...
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...Toxicity assessment consists of hazard identification and a dose-response evaluation. Hazard identification is the determination of whether exposure to a chemical or physical agent can cause an increased incidence of a particular adverse health effect in humans, such as cancer and birth defects. Different types of studies are performed to collect these data, including epidemiological studies and clinical studies, but the bulk of our information comes from laboratory studies on animals. The dose response evaluation determines the quantitative relationship between the level of exposure to a chemical and incidence of adverse health effects in the exposed population. Critical details such as the specific exposure route (inhalation or oral) as well as the length of exposure are noted. Key terms in the dose-response evaluation include the following: Lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL)- The LOAEL is the exposure level at which the frequency or severity of adverse effects in an exposed population is statistically elevated compared to a control...
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...define smoking as being the inhalation of any tobacco substance while the loosest define smoking as possessing any lit tobacco product. There are many reasons why smoking bans originated, but most of these have medical origins. Research has shown secondhand smoke is almost as harmful as smoking in and of itself. The effects of secondhand smoke are relatively the same as smoking. Lung disease, heart disease, bronchitis and asthma are common. Those who live in homes with smokers have a 20-30 percent higher risk of developing lung cancer than those who do not live with a smoker. Many see it as unfair that others have to suffer the effects of secondhand smoke when they are not able to make the decision for exposur to it. Non-smokers who worked with smokers experienced a 16-19 percent increase in lung cancer rates. In this case, the worker had no choice but to face exposure to the smoke. Smoking bans remove these risks for many people. The National Cancer Institute, Surgeon General of the United States and National Institutes of Health all support smoking bans because of the statistics of second-hand smoke. Smoking bans are also imposed because they improve air quality in restaurants and other establishments. In New York, it is now illegal to smoke in all hospitality venues. Studies by the Center for Disease Control have shown the air quality in New York establishments to be nine times higher than those in New Jersey where smoking remains legal. Studies have also shown employees are...
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...Many surveys, studies and scientific research has proved that smoking is injurious to health. Smoke is unhealthy and suffocating. It pollutes the environment. There are two types of smokers - active and passive. The person who smokes is active and other who are near to him and inhale the smoke are passive smokers. Both are equally affected by the ill effects of smoking. Smokers and non-smokers meet at many places like offices, buses, hotels, etc. So, considering the bad effects of smoking on individual's health, environment as well as individual rights, it should be banned in public places. A person who wants to smoke can do so by keeping himself in isolation. The smoking of cigarette is glamorized through advertisements. More and more young boys and girls are attracted by this. Even the 'statutory warning' on the cigarette packets does not stop them. The young generation think that those who smoke are smart, modern and intellectual. However, smoking is not a good habit. Those who smoke suffer from several health problems. A chain-smoker is the worst sufferer. Cigarette contains 4,000 types of chemicals out of which 43 are carcinogenic. The carbon monoxide concentration in the smoke is greater than 20,000 ppm. This is diluted to 400-500 during inhalation. It displaces oxygen from hemoglobin and the result is impairment of the central nervous system, cardiac and pulmonary diseases (related to lungs). These may eventually lead to heart attacks. Cigarette also contains ammonia...
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...Karim Hall Bronchitis Florida Technical College Abstract Bronchitis is one of the top 10 conditions for which most patients seek medical care for. Some physicians show considerable variability in describing the signs and symptoms when it is necessary to its diagnosis. A cough is also a most common symptom bringing patients to the primary care physician’s office, and bronchitis is usually the diagnosis in these patients. However, studies have indicated that many physicians treat bronchitis with antibiotics. These drugs have generally shown to become ineffective in patients with complicated bronchitis. A patient satisfaction with their treatment of bronchitis is related to the quality of the physician-patient interaction rather than to the prescription of an antibiotic. Bronchitis Bronchitis is an inflammation of the membrane that lines the air passages, or, bronchial tubes, of the lungs and results in the narrowing of these air passages. This disorder may be of either an acute or chronic type. Irritation of mucus-producing glands within the membrane results in the production of excess bronchial secretions. The main symptoms of bronchitis are cough and increased expectoration of sputum, with or without associated wheezing and shortness of breath. Men are more of a target to bronchitis then most women, men out numbering them 10 to 1 for reasons that are unclear. Acute bronchitis is a self-limited infection of the lower respiratory tract causing inflammation of the bronchi...
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...Old Smoke Explain how you would handle this situation if you were Charles Renfold. If I were Charles Renfold, smoking would be restricted in the workplace areas. He should take in to concern that secondhand smoke is hazardous to your health. Smoking in the workplace has always been an issue. Alice and Frank were always considerate when Darlene came into the file room by not smoking and opening the windows. However, you still have the smell of old smoke. Smoking should not be permitted in the work areas; it is a voluntary, unnecessary behavior that can negatively affect the health of others in the vicinity. It has been suggested that smoking related disease kills one half of all long term smokers but these diseases may also be contracted by non-smokers. That puts non-smokers at risk for developing respiratory problems. Pulmonary diseases may also be contracted by non-smokers just as easily as in smokers. The company has followed all the laws that are set by the state and the state has no reference to the smell of old smoke. Redwood Associates do not desire a smoke–free workplace. They should have a designated area for smokers. Whether you are a participant or bystander, no person should have the right to inflict harm on another. The designated place for smoking allows those that choose to ingest nicotine to do so without inflicting the effects of their decision on those who do not. Darlene’s Attitude was very unruly and disorderly towards her supervisor. She should...
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...CROW’S FEET SUMMARY OF THE MOVIE The investigation of four forensic chemists started two days after the homeowner was exterminated inside the tented house. The homeowner Elliot Beckman was found dead in his house. Sara, Grissom, and Greg from the crime lab investigator or the CSI, investigate the cause of death of the homeowner by entering the house of the victim and suspected that exterminators uses sulfuryl fluoride. A gas used as a structural fumigant insecticide to control dry wood termites. It can also be used to control rodents, powder post beetles, bark beetles, and bedbugs. Greg continues to investigate the other room obtaining a blue feather. Later, they found out that the feather was matched to a kind of bird called “Hyacinth Macaw”. They have 4 suspects including the two neighbors, namely Rory Kendell and Zach Alfano and the two fumigators, Ted Martin and Nate Allen. They examine the outside of the tented house by snapping photos of the tent, discovered a trail of sand leading from it and straight to the neighbor’s house. They interviewed Rory Kendell and found out that he haven’t left his place and has been laid up in his house for two days and asked for a urine sample to test if he is affected in the sulfuryl fluoride poisoning. In the laboratory, they found out that the termite fumigant enters the victim bronchioles causing his lungs to fill with fluid. They also noticed the bruise in the victim’s cheek. One of the chemist revealed...
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...that affect the welfare of people around them. This is the crime of SMOKERS!! Have you ever had an enjoyable meal at a restaurant interrupted by the whiff of cigarette smoke? These people must be so addicted to nicotine that they can’t stay away from the cigarette for an entire meal. Some restaurants have smoking and non- smoking areas but does that even make sense since smoke travels through air. Smoking areas must be enclosed, don’t you think? For the life of me, I do not understand why people should need to smoke in the first place. There is nothing good that comes out of it. You stand the risk of contracting coronary heart disease, mouth and throat cancer, lung cancer, not to mention bad breath and discoloured teeth. So why do people take to the cigarette? Azmi, 24, started smoking when he was at college in London to further his studies. Most of his English friends smoked and he started doing it to fit in. Smoking also helped him keep awake when he had to burn the midnight oil for his examinations. He got addicted from then on. Vega, 35, says that he comes from a family of smokers. His father and uncles smoked all the time and he found himself picking up the habit at the age of 19. Stella, 29, confesses she smokes when she is anxious and stressed. Some people smoke out of addiction while others smoke when they have to manage unpleasant situations. We can all agree that cigarettes will not make our problems disappear. It’s a form of escapism. It’s a choice we make and...
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...Student’s Name Professor’s Name Submission Date Introduction Kuwait is a relatively successful country in the Middle East. It has a rich history though with both the positive and the negative sides alike. Every time the name Kuwait is mentioned, one may not fail to think of its natural endowments in terms of oil. Though this is a common case to most of the Middle East countries, Kuwait stands out as one of the four oil-rich countries and the fourth largest exporter of oil among the Oil Producing and Exporting Countries (OPEC) with petroleum accounting to a sizeable percentage of its annual Gross Domestic Product. Most of its populace directly or indirectly depend on the oil and its products for their daily lives. To the international community, the country has attracted friends and enemies alike and that explains part of its history which every citizen of this country would like to forget and never remember. This was the 1990 incident where the Iraqi troops set its valuable oil wells on fire hence converting millions of its oil and natural endowments to dangerous smokes which would later turn back to haunt its own population. During this time, most leaders had their words for Kuwait, most of which were negative and pessimistic. However, one iron lady, Mrs.Sara Akbar stood out and defended the future of Kuwait (Peter Aldous). Despite the drawback which almost pulled the country to its knees and tore it apart, the optimistic lady who stood firm...
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...Unit 5 Case Study Halstead Unit 5 Case Study: Cari’s Story A. How can an infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx spread into her sinuses? The infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx was able to spread into her sinuses due to the fact of how close the passages and sinuses are to each other, and the sinuses being a drainage area for the nasal passages. B. What is the cough reflex? Describe the process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing. The cough reflex involves deep inhalation followed by complete closure of the glottis and strong exhalation with sudden opening of the glottis, and forcing air through the upper respiratory passages. The cough reflex is used to clear sputum and irritants that are in the nasal passages and pharynx. Cari’s respiratory system is forcing out mucus in order to maintain enough space within her lungs for oxygen. There are cilia in her trachea that is moving mucus up from the lungs. When there is much mucus, it triggers the cough reflex. C. Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter? Goblet cells secrete mucus to trap particles while the cilia work by moving mucus towards the pharynx for removal. Macrophages are also found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli; they engulf and destroy infectious pathogens and particulate matter. D. How would the resistance of Cari’s airways...
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...areas. Major transportation hubs throughout the United States are major targets for such an attack. An act of bioterrorism is a major threat to the United States that could occur unnoticed and must be dealt with immediately by providing a nationwide vaccination against all agents, better education programs for the general public, and most importantly, the prevention of such an act from happening. In October, 2001, the first confirmed case of inhalation anthrax was confirmed in Florida, which brought the word bioterrorism to mainstream America (Jernigan, 2001, p. 934). Throughout the fall of that year many people’s fears were stoked by this anthrax scare following shortly after the events of September 11, 2001. This anthrax scare highlighted that while the hospital system throughout the United States may not be completely prepared for a widespread bioterrorism attack, these hospitals could handle a small number of cases and brought bioterrorism preparation to the forefront of the Global War on Terrorism. Of the first ten cases of inhalation anthrax in the United States in 2001, four of the ten infected died within ten days of the onset of symptoms (Jernigan, 2001, p. 942). This statistic is very frightening as it shows the potentially devastating effect that a large scale bioterrorism attack could cause. Researchers...
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