...According to Thomas (1920) social disorganization is defined as, "The process by which the authority and influence of an earlier culture and system of social control is undermined and eventually destroyed” (). The purpose of social disorganization theory is to help one understand why there are different crime rates in different communities. The theory believes the absence of community organization leads to these varying rates. Social disorganization theory bases the attributing variation of crime and criminal behavior on the absence of communal relationships and communal institutions, such as church (Social Disorganization Theory, n.d.). Social disorganization was first developed in the early 1900s. Chicago was the home to a large immigrant population. The new immigrants did not learn the social rules; as a result it led to a state of disorganization (Social Disorganization Theory, n.d.). Currently our country faces the same issues with illegal immigrants crossing over the boundaries illegally. Some people argue immigrants should not be allowed to cross the border and others argue that immigrants should be allowed to cross the border as long as they follow the laws. I believe some people are afraid if illegal immigrants are allowed to cross the bounder the state will become a state of social disorganization. There are two characteristics that contribute to social disorganization. The two important characteristics are the low-income levels earned by the residents...
Words: 854 - Pages: 4
...| CJA 384 Course Syllabus College of Criminal Justice and Security CJA/384 Version 2 Criminal Organizations | Copyright © 2010 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is a survey of the origins and development of organized crime in the United States. It examines the structure and activities of organized criminal enterprises, considers different models that have been employed to describe organized crime groups, and explores theories that have been advanced to explain the phenomenon. Major investigations of organized crime and legal strategies that have been developed to combat it are also considered. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Lyman, M. D., & Potter, G. W. (2007). Organized crime (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Mallory, S. L. (2007). Understanding organized crime. Sudbury, MA: Jones and...
Words: 1701 - Pages: 7
...Course Materials Lyman, M. D., & Potter, G. W. (2007). Organized crime (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Mallory, S. L. (2007). Understanding organized crime. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Understanding Organized Crime | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives |1.1 Define organized crime. |Thurs | 2 | | |1.2 Compare the various models that explain the structure of organized crime |Sat | | | |groups. | | | | |1.3 Describe the attributes of organized crime and its common behavioral | | | | |categories. | | | |Readings |Read the Week One Read Me First. | | | | |Read Ch. 1 of Organized Crime. | | | | ...
Words: 2356 - Pages: 10
...Major Principles of Sociological Theory According to the text, social structure “theories look at the formal and informal economic and social arrangements (or structure) of society as the root causes of crime and deviance” (Schmalleger, 2012, "Social Structures Theories/Definition of Social Structure Theories"). In addition, the social structure theories look at the negative aspects of society’s structure, such as disorganization, poverty, and disadvantages associated with lack of educational success as the cause of criminal behavior (Schmalleger, 2012, "Social Structures Theories/Definition of Social Structure Theories"). The major principles of the sociological theory that are addressed in the video are Tent City’s social group arrangements of society that provides focus for study, group dynamics and subgroup relationships from which crime develops, society’s structure and degree of organization/disorganization, and specific behaviors that can statistically estimate characteristics to engage in crime. The social groups formed in Tent City are racially motivated, meaning that each inmate is segregated to their own racial group to keep the different racial groups separated from each other. The group dynamics in a population of criminals that are divided into subgroups by race offers two examples the major principles. One example relates to the group being made up of all criminals, and the second example relates to the racially segregated subgroups...
Words: 915 - Pages: 4
...Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary In this paper, comparisons will be made between bureaucratic and patron-client organizations. In addition, the similarities and differences between the models of organized crime will be examined. The models of organized crime will be analyzed for their importance in the understanding of criminal organizations. The differences between bureaucratic and patron-client organizations are visible as bureaucratic deals with offices that do things by the law. They do not take extensive training in customer service and do not concentrate on being nice. The offices that are being referred to are government offices such as Welfare, DMV, and Section 8. In contrast, patron-client facilities are offices or places that focus upon pleasing their clients because if they don’t, the patron will go to another facility to get their needs met. This brings us to the similarities and differences of the models of organized crime. According to Lyman (2007) there are three theories of organized crime that help in the understanding of criminal organizations. The first theory is the Alien Conspiracy theory, which blames outside influences and outsiders for the rise of organized crime in American society. Second, the Rational Choice theory is when a person weighs the pros and cons of living a certain lifestyle; in addition they also know what the consequences of their actions are as well. Finally, the deterrence...
Words: 429 - Pages: 2
...Social Structure & Social Interaction, Groups, Deviance, Poverty and Social Class Both Sides Microsociology emphasis is placed on social interaction- rules, codes, survival strategies, relationships, face to face contact. 1/54 Study: Speller Learn Test Play Games: Scatter Space Race All 54 terms PrintExportCopyCombine Order by Terms Definitions Microsociology emphasis is placed on social interaction- rules, codes, survival strategies, relationships, face to face contact. Location in Social Structure People's location in the social structure accounts for differences in their behavior & attitudes Ascribed Status involuntary status; a status you inherit o Class of parents, gender, sex, ethnicity, race Achieved Status voluntary status; a status you earn o Student, criminal, doctor, friend Society people who share culture & territory Hunting & Gathering Societies simplest form of society, few social divisions, few people, nomadic, most egalitarian [treat all as equals, no one is rich or poor], society with most leisure time. Role Conflict When what is expected of us in one role is incompatible with what is expected in another role. Role Strain When the same role presents inherent conflict- one role Thomas Theorem If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences- think of people as less than and they will be treated as such. Group members of a group think of themselves as belonging together, they interact with...
Words: 6892 - Pages: 28
...Criminology (song). Criminology and penology Pentonvilleiso19.jpg Theory[show] Types of crime[show] Penology[show] v t e Sociology Social Network Diagram (segment).svg History Outline Portal Theory Positivism Antipositivism Functionalism Conflict theories Social constructionism Structuralism Interactionism Critical theory Structure and agency Actor-network theory Methods Quantitative Qualitative Historical Mathematical Computational Ethnography Ethnomethodology Network analysis Subfields Conflict Criminology Culture Development Deviance Demography Education Economic Environmental Family Gender Health Industrial Inequality Knowledge Law Literature Medical Military Organizational Political Race & ethnicity Religion Rural Science Social change Social movements Social psychology Stratification STS Technology Urban Browse Bibliography Index Journals Organizations People Timeline v t e Three women in the pillory, China, 1875 Criminology (from Latin crīmen, "accusation"; and Greek -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of the nature, extent, management, causes, control, consequences, and prevention of criminal behavior, both on the individual and social levels. Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in both the behavioral and social sciences, drawing especially upon the research of sociologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, social anthropologists, as well as scholars of law. The term criminology was coined in 1885 by Italian law professor Raffaele Garofalo as...
Words: 5278 - Pages: 22
...material is prohibited. The Open University of Hong Kong Ho Man Tin, Kowloon Hong Kong This course material is printed on environmentally friendly paper. Contents Introduction 1 The focus of criminology 4 What is criminology? Why study crime? 4 6 Developing theory: the foundations of criminology 8 Theorizing about crime before criminology: the classical perspective Positivist criminology 8 10 Sociological criminology The Chicago School Strain and subcultural theories of crime Control theories The labelling perspective Critical criminology 14 15 17 21 23 27 Environmental criminology 30 Jane Jacobs and Oscar Newman Routine activity theory Rational choice theory 30 33 35 Summary 39 References 41 Feedback on activities 43 Readings Unit 2 Introduction The purpose of this unit is to introduce you to the different kinds of theorizing about crime that have constituted the discipline of criminology. Criminology as an academic discipline has existed for well over 100 years. During this time, a number of distinct approaches have emerged, and it is these different approaches that this unit seeks to capture,...
Words: 19870 - Pages: 80
...Status and Health Care Services in Russia with comparison to the U.S. Table of Contents Executive Summary………………………………………………………………………………. Background……………………………………………………………………………………….. 1970’s – present……………………………………………………………………………………. Population and Healthcare Coverage…………………………………………………………… Population………………………………………………………………………………………….. Causes of death…………………………………………………………………………………….. Healthcare Status…………………………………………………………………………………... Health Services Available………………………………………………………………………… Insurance…………………………………………………………………………………………… Services…………………………………………………………………………………………….. Organization of Healthcare………………………………………………………………………… Quality of Healthcare…………………………………………………………………………….. Standards…………………………………………………………………………………………… Healthcare Received……………………………………………………………………………….. Comparison of Russia and U.S…………………………………………………………………….. Expenditures………………………………………………………………………………………. Revenue……………………………………………………………………………………………. Governments role…………………………………………………………………………………... Environmental Influences………………………………………………………………………... Political impact/involvement………………………………………………………………………. Economic influences……………………………………………………………………………….. Cultural impact……………………………………………………………………………………... Comparison……………………………………………………………………………………….. Russia vs U.S………………………………………………………………………………………. Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………………. Executive Summary Russia has a much lower patient satisfaction revolving around healthcare. This is due to out dated hospitals...
Words: 3030 - Pages: 13
...Use of Force by Police in Law Enforcement Name Institution Professor Course Date Abstract This paper seeks to explore the use of force among police officers in law enforcement in urban cities and how it relates with common variables regarding police officers. Some of the police variables that will be discussed include race, education, experience, age. These variables will be comprehensively studied so as to ascertain if there exists any relationship among these variables and use of force among police office in law enforcement. Introduction The use of force presents one of the most controversial sectors of law enforcement in any given society. Recent developments have escalated concern about police use of force. These ranges from properly publicized occurrences involving accusations of excessive force to the inception of violent policing whose frequent emphasis is on zero tolerance law enforcement. The kind of police actions that most provoke public concern include fatal shootings, severe beatings with fists or batons that result in hospitalization of the victims, choke holds that cause oblivion or even death. The use of force by law enforcement personnel is permitted by law under certain circumstances such as in self-defense or in defense of another individual or group of persons (Barrett 2008). Law enforcement officers receive direction from their respective agencies on when to apply force during law enforcement, but there exists no universal set of regulations...
Words: 4002 - Pages: 17
...Use of Force by Police in Law Enforcement Name Institution Professor Course Date Abstract This paper seeks to explore the use of force among police officers in law enforcement in urban cities and how it relates with common variables regarding police officers. Some of the police variables that will be discussed include race, education, experience, age. These variables will be comprehensively studied so as to ascertain if there exists any relationship among these variables and use of force among police office in law enforcement. Introduction The use of force presents one of the most controversial sectors of law enforcement in any given society. Recent developments have escalated concern about police use of force. These ranges from properly publicized occurrences involving accusations of excessive force to the inception of violent policing whose frequent emphasis is on zero tolerance law enforcement. The kind of police actions that most provoke public concern include fatal shootings, severe beatings with fists or batons that result in hospitalization of the victims, choke holds that cause oblivion or even death. The use of force by law enforcement personnel is permitted by law under certain circumstances such as in self-defense or in defense of another individual or group of persons (Barrett 2008). Law enforcement officers receive direction from their respective agencies on when to apply force during law enforcement, but there exists no universal set of regulations...
Words: 4002 - Pages: 17
...Professional Development Plan Jeff Simonic LDR/531 – Organizational Leadership July 14, 2014 Professional Development Plan My goal in this paper is to develop a plan that will address the characteristics of Learning Team A while designating myself as a team leader. If the plan is effective, it can be used to determine the needs of the learning team. It can also be used as a tool for the members to assess their skills, strengths, areas needing improvement, and the resources needed to help them reach their career goals. Recommendations for all team members are based on the results from the "The DISC Platinum Rule Behavioral Style Assessment" that each team member completed. Developing includes several managerial practices that are used to increase a subordinate’s skills and facilitate job adjustment and career advancement. Key component behaviors include mentoring, coaching, and providing developmental opportunities. (Yukl, G. 2013). Learning Team Disc Chart From Disc Assessment DIRECT | GUARDED | Dd | | Di | | Id | | Ii | OPEN | | | | | | | | | | | Dc | | Ds | | Ic / Jeff | | Is | | | | | | | | | | | | Cd | | Ci / Renee & | | Sd / Ty | | Si | | | | | John | | | | | | | Cc | | Cs | | Sc | | Ss | | INDIRECT | Evaluation of the Individual Team Members Renata Roman and John Coakley's self-assessment characterized them in "The Cautious Style" group. More specifically, Roman...
Words: 1113 - Pages: 5
...“rough” notes. They were devised initially for my own use. They are not polished and stand open to correction. But I think you want them, so here they are. Dr V What is culture? A complex system of meaning and behavior that defines the way of life of a given group or society. Material and non-material Characteristics of culture: Shared Learned Taken for granted Symbolic (meaningful) Defining idea: transmission by non-biological means Distinctions(?) between human and animal cultures (language & tools). Elements of culture: Language: symbol systems. Does language shape culture? Norms: cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation. Implicit vs. explicit; ideal vs. real. Folkways/mores/laws/taboos Social sanctions Ethnomethodology and the study of norms. Beliefs. Values: Value-orientations Institutions. Cultural diversity: Dominant culture. Most support from major institutions. Function of power. Subcultures. Often develop as a result of exclusion from mainstream society and culture. Counter-cultures Rejection of dominant cultural values, often for moral and political reasons. Cultural diversity issues: Ethnocentrism Seeing things only from the point of view of one’s own group. The judging of a culture by the standards of another. Multiculturalism. Do cultures have the right of self-determination? Conflict between cultures and the values of rationality and humanism....
Words: 5518 - Pages: 23
...tuition assistance. The paper therefore discusses the scope of HR development in Canada. On specific issues, the paper explores accomplishments made by HR departments in the Canadian organizations. The paper also discusses the importance of the Human Resource in any organization. The paper discusses recent developments in policies guiding the Human resource. The paper enters into murky depths to explore recent changes in law and acts that guide HR departments. The paper also analyzes some of the challenges the HR face while trying to accomplish their responsibility. Finally, the paper sets some recommendations in the HR development on their efforts to improve the quality of output in organizations. Importance of HR department to a firm (A summary of Jebes, D. (2013). Recruitment And Employees Ways In Canada.) Human Resource department is an important facet in all profit and nonprofit making organizations. This department deals exclusively with the personnel of any organizations. The article explains reasons why organizations require this department. The department as an arm of the firm assists in the management of a firm. It caters issues such as personnel recruitment and interviewing. The concerns of this department are to interview the best competitive personnel that would increase profits of the firm while minimizing costs. The...
Words: 2264 - Pages: 10
...Strike as a social problem can first be traced to the disfunctioning of the society when looking at it from the functionalist perspective. Functionalism which is one of the perspectives of studying the society was developed in the 19th century, it’s a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. This approach looks at society through a macro-level orientation, which is a broad focus on the social structures that shape society as a whole, and believes that society has evolved like organisms. This approach looks at both social structure and social functions. Functionalism addresses society as a whole in terms of the function of its constituent elements; namely norms, custom, tradition and institution. A common analogy, popularized by Herbert Spencer presents these parts of society as "organs" that work toward the proper functioning of the "body" as a whole. In the most basic terms, it simply emphasizes "the effort to impute, as rigorously as possible, to each feature, custom, or practice, its effect on the functioning of a supposedly stable, cohesive system". For Talcott Parson "structural-functionalism" came to describe a particular stage in the methodological development of Social Science, rather than a specific school of thought. The structural functionalism approach is a macro sociological analysis, with a broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole. In summary Functionalism...
Words: 2766 - Pages: 12
