...GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTRE (DLR), STUTTGART, GERMANY ENERGY Quarterly of the Royal Academy of Engineering Ingenia 18, February/March 2004 Concentrating solar power A review of the technology Is solar power the answer to the ever-growing problems of global warming and depleting fossil fuel supplies? In the first of two articles Hans Müller-Steinhagen and Franz Trieb explain the principles and development of concentrated solar-thermal power and outline its considerable potential for alleviating the constant pressure on our existing resources. Three main technologies have been identified during the past decades for generating electricity in the 10 kW to several 1000 MW range: ● he limited supply of fossil hydrocarbon resources and the negative impact of CO2 emissions on the global environment dictate the increasing usage of renewable energy sources. Concentrated solar power (CSP) is the most likely candidate for providing the majority of this renewable energy, because it is amongst the most cost-effective renewable electricity technologies and because its supply is not restricted if the energy generated is transported from the world's solar belt to the population centres. T dish/engine technology, which can directly generate electricity in isolated locations parabolic and Fresnel trough technology, which produces high pressure superheated steam solar tower technology, which produces air above 1000°C or synthesis gas for gas turbine operation. ● ● While these...
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...ARTICLE IN PRESS Energy xxx (2009) 1–11 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/energy Renewable energy in India: Status and potential Indu R. Pillai, Rangan Banerjee* Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 16 May 2007 Received in revised form 20 August 2008 Accepted 15 October 2008 Available online xxx Keywords: Renewable Energy Diffusion Potential India a b s t r a c t A majority of the Indian population does not have access to convenient energy services (LPG, electricity). Though India has made significant progress in renewable energy, the share of modern renewables in the energy mix is marginal. This paper reviews the status and potential of different renewables (except biomass) in India. This paper documents the trends in the growth of renewables in India and establishes diffusion model as a basis for setting targets. The diffusion model is fitted tot the past trends for wind, small hydro and solar water heating and is used to establish future targets. The economic viability and green house gas (GHG) saving potential is estimated for each option. Several renewables have high growth rates, for example wind, Photovoltaic (PV) module manufacture and solar water heaters. New technologies like Tidal, OTEC, Solar thermal power plants and geothermal power plants are at the demonstration stage and future dissemination...
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...Essay 1 Energy Independence 9/28/2011 Persuasive Writing Charles Mountin Thesis Statement America needs to achieve energy independence and reduce its dependence on foreign oil. Abstract The United States need to lower its dependence on foreign oil. The U.S. dependence on foreign oil has created a huge trade deficit that puts billions of U.S. dollars into the hands of countries that are not U.S. allies. This dependence also could lead to an economic downturn if there is another spike in oil prices. The U.S. needs to find alternatives to foreign oil that are environmentally sound and U.S. made to achieve energy independence. America needs to find new energy sources and better energy conservation to meet its future energy needs. As of now America is far too dependent on foreign oil for its main energy source. Many experts say that the world is at peak output for oil right now and will be decreasing into the future. Right now the world has about 6.7 billion people, but by 2050 the estimate for world population is more than 9 billion people. That means we need a lot more oil than we now produce and our production capacity is already almost at its peak. If are still powering our cars, factories, and homes with oil when oil starts to run out we will be in a lot of trouble. In 2008 when oil supplies were near capacity the price of gas shot up to over $4.00 a gallon and I could barely keep up with my bills because of the extra money spent on gas. The price spike also...
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...Renewable Energy! Do you know what is a renewable energy is? First you should know what energy is ! What is energy! An energy is a capacity or the abilty to do a work. What is a renewable energy? A Renewable energy is an energy that can be renewed or be used again also it might be like it is recylcled ,the main point is it releases less cabondioxide and other greenhouse gasses, which is very good for the envoriment and it prevents global warming too! There is Non Renewable energy too, which is the direct opposite to Renewable energy! Types of Renewable energy They are: Hydropower, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy etc. Solar Energy Solar energy is the energy from the Sun. It produces heat as well as light and together it produces electricity! You might be surprised if you knew that you are using solar energy everyday! For e.g. for showers, cleaning and heating up your home! Solar panels produce electricity and save energy for our homes. Solar energy is natural and renewable as it comes from the Sun. Wind energy Wind energy is a form of solar energy. It is also natural like solar energy. Wind energy is useful and wind turbines produce lots of electricity.Wind turbines or wind mills as they were called has become the most use of producing energy in many countries. Wind turbines are located Renewable Energy! Do you know what is a renewable energy is? First you should know what energy is ! What is energy! An energy is a...
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...Renewable Energy Summary Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides, plant growth (biomess) and geothermal heat. According to the International Energy Agency (2002), “Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly from sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.” Renewable energy resources and significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over the world. Compare to other traditional energy resources like fossil fuel, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. The rapid development of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and the technological diversification of energy resources, would provide a sustainable and stable supply of energy and a significant growth in economy for the world in a foreseeable future. History of Renewable Energy Prior to the development of coal in the mid 19th century, nearly all energy used was renewable. The oldest known use of renewable energy, in the form of traditional biomass to fuel fires, dates from 790,000 years ago (K. Kris, 2013). The second oldest usage of renewable energy is using the wild to drive ships over water. This can be traced back 7,000 years ago, to ships on Nile (The Encyclopedia of...
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...Energy, Fossil Fuels & Alternative Energy 22 July 2012 In order to understand how energy is converted from one form to another we must first define energy as the ability to do work and “Energy can never be destroyed. Energy can be converted from one form to another but the total energy remains constant (Integrated Science)”. Now that we have defined energy we can go further as there are two types of energy. The first type of energy is Kinetic energy, and is related with motion. Examples of Kinetic energy would be wind, water, machines, and even thermal energy. Our second form of energy is potential energy or energy waiting to be used. To types of potential energy would be fossil fuels or nuclear. Within these two types of energy it can be converted into the same 5 different forms of energy: (1) Mechanical Energy: energy from machines; (2) Chemical Energy: energy produced through a chemical reaction (3) Radiant energy: energy in the form of radiation or in the absence of matter (4) Electrical energy: derived from electromagnetic interactions and (5) Nuclear: energy produced by a nuclear reaction. Energy can go from one type of energy to another through energy transfer and most energy becomes mechanical energy. An example of this would be a power plant. The plant first burns coal (Potential energy converted to kinetic energy) to boil water that in turn spins turbines that produces electricity. All the energy is transferred to the other but only 40% of the...
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...most important ones are: Energy, Building and Purchasing. Green Energy is made of wind, tide and solar. Green Building is the process of building houses and offices that are efficient. Purchasing green just like it sounds. Green energy technology has always existed ever since civilization began. For instance, we have been utilizing water, wind, and the sun, among others for decades now. But of course, how we use these technologies now is completely different than what it was before. However, green technology has come again to the forefront because of the changes that our home, the Earth, has been experiencing thanks to our actions. There are different technologies that were developed that made “green” technologies feasible ones. What exactly are they? When we think about green energy, the first thing that comes to our mind is the sun. The center of the solar system, capable of generating near-infinite amounts of energy. Before, it is just being used for functions such as drying and heating, but now it is now used to harness electricity. Because of the previous strength of the sun, it is undisputedly the most intriguing green energy technology of all. The better news is that this technology is constantly improving. From solar panels to GREEN TECHNOLOGY 3 inverters, individual parts of the solar energy system are being improved, making it a better energy source for the future...
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...Essay on alternative energy Since hundreds of years oil and gas has been pumped out of the Earth. They are the lifeblood of the modern world and the combustion engine, their heart. The amount being pumped every year is increasing and so is the demand. But how long can this go on for? Oil and gas, the energy lifelines of the world today, will come to an end someday. That someday is not so far, and the world must look for new sources of alternative energy. When we speak of alternative energy, we don’t refer to any which consume fossil fuels or nuclear energy which have undesirable consequences. Alternative energies are energy sources that are renewable and free. As our climate is already suffering from dire consequences of industrialization, we must look for energy sources that release the least amount (if not none) of carbon emissions. These may include Biomass Energy, Wind Energy, Solar Energy, Geothermal Energy, Hydroelectric Energy sources. One of the best choices from environmental perspective could be the use of Solar power which has already been implemented in many countries on test basis. A 1.5 killowatt Pv system will keep more than 110,000 pounds of carbon dioxide, the chief greenhouse gas out of the atmosphere over the next 25years. With solar, there’s no acid rain, no urban smog or pollution of any kind. The energy relies on the nuclear fusion power from the core of the Sun. It can be collected and converted in different ways. Even though solar power is still not sufficient...
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...difference by providing two way interaction by exchanging data between stations to enable effective integration of new sustainable energy source. The aim is to provide a smarter, safer, reliable and more cost effective grid system using communication technologies, therefore opening up carrier opportunities for IT graduates. The smart grid can help improve service provider in the sense that it helps improve customer management and billing. It also provides peak load reduction. He explained different types of power generation source such as solar voltaic, solar thermal, hydropower, geothermal, current and wave power that can be used with the smart grid. He explained the pros and cons of these entire power generation sources. Among some problems that have to be taken into consideration is the demand, space, how much land it will take to build a power station, cost, the amount of power generated, how it will affect the landscape and the environment, should it be done in a large scale or a small scale and much more. Another problem is that renewable energy are not always usable, for example solar energy which only generates energy when there is sunlight and wind turbine which provides energy only when there is wind. These energy sources are intermittent. It has been suggested that they should be stored in batteries, pump storage hydro, compressed air energy storage (CAES) or any other storage systems. He also stated a few non-traditional players in the smart grid introduction. Such...
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...Energy Class 1 Energy —— the ability to do work Work —— when a farce acts on an object through a distance Farce —— push or a pull | |Distance |Force |Energy |Power | |USA units |Foot(ft) |Pounds(lbs) |kWh |hp | |Metric |Meter(m) |Newton(N)kg*m/s2 |Joules |J/s(watt) | *kWh —— kilowatt hour hp —— horsepower 33,000 ft*lbs/min = 745 J/s = 746 W —— 1 hp Power —— the rate at which works is ? Mechanical —— relates to the movement of an objects or its position is gravity Sound —— relates to the repetitive compression and rarefaction of molecules in a substance Chemical —— relates to energy stored in the bonds between atoms in a molecule Electrical —— relates to the movement or flow of electrons Light —— relates to on electric change or magnetic field that produce electromagnetic waves Heat —— relates to the motion of particles, atoms or molecules in a substance Nuclear —— relates to the potential energy stored in bonds between particles in the nucleus of an atom Conservation of energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed, if only changer forms Class 2 10 Sources of Energy |Renewable |Non Renewable ...
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...Renewable energies in Africa Current knowledge A. Belward, B. Bisselink, K. Bódis, A. Brink, J.-F. Dallemand, A. de Roo, T. Huld, F. Kayitakire, P. Mayaux, M. Moner-Girona, H. Ossenbrink, I. Pinedo, H. Sint, J. Thielen, S. Szabó, U. Tromboni, L. Willemen Edited by F. Monforti EUR 25108 EN - 2011 The mission of the JRC is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. Close to the policy-making process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national. Contributions to this report from: Institute for Energy and Transport: F. Monforti (editor), K. Bódis, J.-F. Dallemand, T. Huld, M.Moner-Girona, I. Pinedo, S. Szabó, U. Tromboni. Institute for Environment and Sustainability: A. Beward, B. Bisselink, A. Brink, A. de Roo, F. Kayitakire, P. Mayaux, H. Sint, J. Thielen, L. Willemen Cover picture: Towards Koyiria Market (Niger), Picture by E. Bartholomé, JRC European Commission Joint Research Centre Contact information Address: F. Monforti-Ferrario , Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 450, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy E-mail: fabio.monforti-ferrario@ec.europa.eu http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible...
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...Title: SOLAR ENERGY: “SUNLIGHT into USEFUL ELECTRICITY” >Introduction< In today's climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels have to be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infra-red light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions. Only a very small fraction of the total radiation produced reaches the Earth. The radiation that does reach the Earth is the indirect source of nearly every type of energy used today. The exceptions are geothermal energy, and nuclear fission and fusion. Even fossil fuels owe their origins to the sun; they were once living plants and animals whose life was dependent upon the sun. The sun is an inexhaustible source of energy. Solar energy is radiant energy from the sun caused by nuclear fusion in the sun’s core. The sun’s radiant energy reaches the earth in rays of sunlight. Solar energy in the form of heat and light sustains life on earth. Solar energy can also...
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...Will Alternative Energy Technology bring the Greenback to Michigan’s Economy? By Sherry Underwood 28, November 2010 “The opportunity to create new Michigan jobs rests overwhelmingly with the clean energy, green-collar economy. We know the combination of these targeted efforts, coupled with the determination of Michigan’s workers’ to embrace the green economy, will help transform our state.” Michigan Green Jobs Report 2009 Occupations & Employment in the New Green Economy On Thursday November 18, 2010, Oakland Community Colleges Student LIFE and OCCSustainability groups hosted Stanley “Skip” Pruss at the Smith Theatre on the Orchard Ridge Campus as he presented his lecture Is Sustainability the Key to Michigan’s Economic Recovery?. Mr. Pruss was most recently the director of Michigan’s newly established Department of Energy, Labor and Economic Growth and Michigan’s Chief Energy Officer, and served as Governor Granholm’s Special Advisor for Renewable Energy and the Environment, as well as the Deputy Director of the Department of Environmental Quality. Mr. Pruss has just been appointed to advise United States Secretary of Energy, Dr. Steven Chu. His lecture, Is Sustainability the Key to Michigan’s Economic Recovery? was warmly received by both students and facility. During the address, Mr. Pruss cited issues other than greenhouse gas emission that threaten our world like, depletion of marine stock, soil erosion, ground water withdrawals, deforestation, and biodiversity loss...
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...Energy Resource Challenges Checkpoint SCI/275 August 25, 2010 Bridgette Mack The Alternative video talked about different types of renewable energy wind power, solar power and biofuel. Wind power a method that solely depends on if there is wind that will make these very large turbines turn and if there is no wind they don’t turn. Another type of renewable energy would be solar power and it depends on the sun and uses panels that collect sun light beams and with the use of generators to form energy. You also have biofuel that is use to produce ethanol which comes corn scientist want to use other materials from farmers after they have harvest their land to see if it can also be made into liquid fuel. Having a different method of energy I think would be good especially if these methods aren’t harming our environment but with the good there is some bad. The challenges I think would be with wind energy this object depends on if the wind is blowing strong enough to turn those turbines and what if there isn’t any wind at all that mean there no energy to produces and the solar panel I think would be costly in the begin and they may off in the long run but it would have to take many miles and much land to produce enough of these panels to supply everyone with solar power and what it there is no sun what then. One other source of renewable would be water power which you can produce power from the use of water. I think that we need to start now to find some other way to produce...
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...Coventry University Pre-Sessional Programme ------------------------------------------------- ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION To be affixed to all assessed work ------------------------------------------------- Name | Mohamad Idkhil | Student Number | 4982812 | Class and Literacy Tutor | Newton 1 | Project Number | 1 | Title | Discuss The role of technology in your subject area and examine how this role could change or develop in the future | Word Count | 960 | Academic Course after Pre-sessional | Electrical and Electronic engineering | Academic Course (tick) | /□ PG | Coventry University Pre-Sessional Programme ------------------------------------------------- PLAGIARISM DECLARATION To be affixed to all assessed work ------------------------------------------------- For an extensive account of what constitutes cheating and plagiarism, see Appendix 1 of the University’s General Regulations, which may be found on the Faculty’s Web. 4. Definition of cheating 4.1 Cheating is defined as a) […] b) any attempt to gain an unfair advantage in an assessment (including examinations). This includes (but is not confined to): i. copying from other candidates; ii. collusion; iii. impersonation; iv. plagiarism i.e. presenting the work of others as if it is one’s own (this includes buying or acquiring work/effort/programming code from another party (in full or in part) for the completion of an Assessment); v. the unacknowledged...
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