...learned about Chinese culture, language, the interesting dynasties (kingdoms) and the Chinese people’s way of life. However, the most interesting thing I learned about china was contribution from ancient Chinese science and technological inventions to the world. Since there are a lot of ancient Chinese inventions, in this essay I would like to give information about some of the very interesting and useful ten ancient Chinese inventions that I believe we cannot imagine without them today. 1. Toilet Paper Toilet paper was one of the very important Chinese inventions that we cannot imagine living our life without. Toilet paper was used in China for the first time in history during 6th century AD. In 589 AD a famous scholar Yan Zhitui wrote about the use of toilet paper and the word spread throughout China and toilet paper became popular in China. 2. Ice Cream Ice cream, our favourite treat is another surprising invention in ancient China. It became a new invention 3000 years ago when rich Chinese families started to treat their guests to sweet juices mixed with snow or ice. Marco Polo brought it to Europe and it became popular in the world. 3. Paper Paper is one of the major contributions to spread development of human civilisation in the world. China made the first proper paper during the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC- 9AD). However, Cai Lun of the Eastern Dynasty (25-220) successfully invented the very first batch of paper using fish net, tree bars,...
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...Prominent Painters and Painting from Song to Qing Dynasty Hee Dam Yoon (52775031) Song Dynasty The Song Dynasty was the golden age of landscape painting in Chinese history. Many artists developed landscape painting during Five Dynasties so, the development in the Song period was smoothly started. Especially emperor Song Huizong enjoyed contribution on art cultivation during the Song Dynasty, so, the soaring of Chinese landscape painting was possible (Hough, “Sung Dynasty (1960-1179)”). Features of this period are vision of nature and scholarly officials’ participation in the art field. These officials expressed their political view and cultivated themselves through natural images (Department of Asian Art). Guo-Xi was one of the prominent painters in this era. As a well educated court professional, he took a side with peasantry or poor people so, emperor Huizong wanted him to spread out the harmonious social atmosphere as a representative. Even though he was a high ranking official, he valued different perspectives from different people and classes. So, his painting style includes “angle of totality” which connotes different views that reflect his life belief (The Famous Artist). Guo-Xi. Early Spring. 1072. Ink and color on silk. National Palace Museum. Taipei This is a Guo-Xi’s most popular masterpiece called Early Spring. He expressed landscape of spring after winter by showing mountain surrounded by clouds. By using the floating perspective, another name of an angle...
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...and make one great culture from that. They can make whole hospital in one martial art. They brign our body to the basic level of health. Todays, tai chi use for alternative treatment in medical technology . People belived that Chang Shan Feng is the Ancestor of tai chi. Chang Shan Feng lived in Wudang mountaion ,north west od Hubei Province, China. A lot of Chinese myth tell about Chang Shan Feng. In historical records , there were 2 Chang Shan Feng, ones lived in dynasty song and the other in dynasty ming . Chang Shan Feng in Dynasty Song was known good in martial art. In Chinese myth he got the tai chi from the dream. In that time Chang Shan Feng invated by the king Song to show his martial arts, but in the middle of road, there were 100 thief who inhibit his. In the night hi got a dream , Wudang mountain spirit came to him and teach him tai chi. In the next days he used the taichi to against 100 thief. Chang Shan Feng from Dynasty Ming was known good in play a sword. The story of Chang Shan Feng in Dynasty Ming told that Cahng Shan Feng learn Taoism in Wudang Mountain . he tried to solve the mystery of Yin –Yang , which is the theory of “ eight trigram”, and he tried to solve The mstery of immortality from turtle and bird life. Tai chi is ancient culture in china which is still exist until now. There are people exercise by doing tai chi. People believe That Tai chi can give peace and positive energy. Tai chi have a strong philosophy side, because the fundamental of...
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...Ancient China was a government ruled by dynasties and for many years China was eventually united under one of the regional kings; the first emperor was Qin Shi Huang, in 221 BC. China's long history has seen many extremely important ancient inventions and tremendous contributions to the world's economy and the culture of mankind. They were also important symbols of China's role as a great world civilization. Ancient China has many inventions and contributions, the 10 useful ones are identified as follows; Paper making is believed to be invented first in China. The proper paper making is one of the China's significant contributions to the development of human civilization. The paper was first made during the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC). Another invention was a movable typing printing. The world's first printings were invented in China in the Tang Dynasty (618－907 BC). Chinese began to print mainly with carved blocks. Gunpowder is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal and potassium nitrate. It was used in firearms and as a pyrotechnic in fireworks. It was a useful invention that contributed to the advancement of generating large amount of heat and gas. Chinese also invented the compass. A compass is a navigational instrument that shows directions in a frame of reference that is stationary relative to the surface of the earth. The first compasses were invented for harmonize environments and buildings in accordance with the geometric principles. The invention...
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...Content 1.Introduction 2 2. Papers 3 2.1 Selecting Paper 3 2.1.1 Shuan Paper 4 2.1.2 Mien Paper 4 2.1.3 Mao Bien Paper 4 3. Brush 5 3.1 Correct Way of Holding a Calligraphy Brush 6 3.2 Basic Chinese Calligraphy Brush Theories 6 3.3 Basic Brush techniques for Chinese Calligraphy 7 4. Ink Stick 8 4.1 Production 8 5. Ink Stones 9 5.1 Four Famous Ink Stone ...
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...integrated into the pre-colonial indigenous Filipino cooking practices. When restaurants were established in the 19th century, Chinese food became a staple of the pansiterias, with the food given Spanish names. The "comida China" Chinese food includes arroz caldo rice and chicken gruel, and morisqueta tostada fried rice. When the Spaniards came, the food influences they brought were from both Spain and Mexico, as it was through the vice-royalty of Mexico that the Philippines were governed.In the Philippines, trade with China started in the 11th century, as documents show, but it is conjectured that undocumented trade may have started even two centuries earlier. Trade pottery excavated in Laguna, for example, includes pieces dating to the Tang Dynasty. The Chinese trader supplied the silks sent to Mexico and Spain in the galleon trade. In return they took back products of field, forest - beeswax, rattan - and sea, such as beche de mer. While they waited for goods and for payment, they lived here, and sometimessettled and took Filipino wives, a development that resulted in many Filipinos having Chinese origins, bloodlines and the culture now called "Chinoy" . It was a development that resulted in major Chinese inputs into Philippine cuisine.Evidence of Chinese influence in...
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...achievements in the fields of agriculture, shipping, astronomy, printing, oil, martial arts, ammunition and mathematics. Ancient Chinese inventions such as gunpowder, silk, paper, printing, tea, wheel barrow, iron plows, deep drilling, porcelain, toilet paper and the compass were and still are important pieces of Chinese and global life. These inventions were major blocks in the building of the world as we know today. The four main innovations which I consider to be essential aspects of our contemporary lives are paper, printing, gun powder, and compass. Certainly the most important invention of Chinese culture is paper. The invention of paper was a great contribution to both the Chinese and the world civilization. According to Sayre, it was in the year 105 A.D during the Han dynasty, that the invention of the paper was first reported by Cai Lun. Paper made of hemp had been used by the Han for over 200 years, but Cai Lun improved both the techniques and the quality of the paper by using verity of materials such as, tree bark, hemp and rags. The basic principles of papermaking invented by Cai Lun are still in use today (Sayre, 2012, p.226). Before the invention of paper, characters were written on animal bones, turtle backs, bamboo or stones. The storage of great ideas and paintings were a difficult task. Paper made it easy to express people’s thought in writing and educateing the people (Bellis, 2011). It has promoted and quickened the steps of human civilization and development...
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...Beijing Opera (Youtube Project) This project is centered on Beijing Opera also referred to as Peking Opera or as the Chinese call it Jingju. It’s a form of the traditional Chinese theater that combines dance, mime, acrobatics, music, and vocal performance. Beijing Opera developed in the late eighteenth century and became fully recognized throughout China by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has become one of the cultural treasures of China. Major performances are based in Beijing, Southern Shanghai, Northern Tianjin, and Taiwan. It has also spread to other countries such as the United States and Japan. Political influences have long played a part in the arts of China (World Music, 187). The Taiwanese took on the Opera and made it into their own. Naming it Guoju, which means national, or the in other words the National Opera. This reflects disputes over the true seat of Chinese government. After the Chinese Civil War ended, Beijing opera became the focal point of ethnic identity for the Mainland and Communist party. When the Communist Party of China came to power in the Mainland, the newly formed government moved to bring art into line with Communist ideology. Their goal was to make art and literature a component of the revolution. Dramatic works without Communist themes were considered subversive, and were ultimately banned during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). Before Beijing opera evolved it was considered a religious...
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...Sima made us complete a research paper on a southern song dynasty general whose name was Yue Fei who was best known for leading Southern Song forces in the wars in the 12th century between Southern Song and the Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty in northern China who was later executed by his only country. After finishing my research paper and handling it in Mr. Sima saw the improvement in my righting and was also very placed but he also said one thing that would later on help me throughout my education career which would the lack of emotion in my writing which worried him since in his opinion. The only way to get the attention of your readers you must first write my emotion only then could you keep your audience's attention. Which was he told me to stay after class and readied to me a poem written by the general Yue Fei which would be the famous Man Jiang Hong by listen to this poem I heard the emotions of Yue Fei which shocked...
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...HUMANITIES 1 (RESEARCH PAPER) HISTORY OF PAINTINGS AND ARTISTS IN THE WORLD ADRIAN M SITCHON PROF. PEREZ 4TH YEAR/BS.HRM/NS (SUBMITTED BY) TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION HISTORY BODY * EASTERN PAINTING * WESTERN PAINTING * 20th-CENTURY MODERN * AND CONTEMPORARY DEFINITION OF TERMS * FAMOUS PAINTERS * AND BIOGRAPHY * Paintings of famous painters CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCE INTRODUCTION: Painting can be done in a variety of media. For example, Oils, Watercolour, Acrylics, Gouache and Tempera. Paints are made from a pigment, and a binder. Binder is relatively cheap, while pigment is much more expensive. Pigments are a colored powder, made from organic or inorganic materials. (This is different than a colorant, which dyes or stains a color.) All paints use the same basic pigments, but the binder changes. The binder for acrylics dries quickly and the paint is more like a plastic than oils which have an oil based binder and dry slowly. Oil Paints are often built up in layers or glazes. The other paints---Watercolour, Acrylics, Gouache, and Tempera---are water-based, meaning the paint can be diluted with water and clean-up can be done with soap and water. Oil paints, on the other hand, require paint thinner to clean brushes. The number and variety of painting techniques is endless. Besides quality of paint, factors affecting color quality include: paint opacity, glossiness of painting surface...
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...AP World History - Stearns Chapter 2 – Classical Civilization: China I. Introduction – longest-lived civilization in history A. Isolated 1. Couldn’t learn from other cultures 2. Rare invasions 3. Distinctive identity 4. Relatively little internal chaos w/ decline of Shang dynasty a. Greatest links to classical society B. Intellectual theory 1. Harmony of nature – yin and yang – balance 2. Seek Dao – the way a. Avoid excess b. Appreciate balance of opposites c. Humans part of world, not on outside – like Mediterranean Thesis: China emerged with an unusually well-integrated system in which government, philosophy, economic incentives, the family, and the individual were intended to blend into a harmonious whole. II. Patterns in Classical China A. Pattern of rule 1. Dynasty, family of kings – create strong politics, economy 2. Dynasty grew weak, taxes declined 3. Social divisions increased 4. Invasion or internal rebellion 5. Another dynasty emerged – general, invader, peasant rebel B. Zhou Dynasty – 1029-258 BCE 1. Started decline in 700 BCE 2. Ruled w/ local princes – alliance system a. Successful in agricultural communities – ie manor system Europe b. Princes received land for troops/tax 3. Eventually local leaders ignored central gov’t 4. Contributions a. Extended territory to “Middle Kingdom” – wheat north, rice south 1. Transportation/communication...
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...Topic: Traditional Chinese Medicine Title: Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Medical World: Ready For a New Remedy? Introduction/Rationale: According to China’s Natural Bureau of Statistics, “Traditional Chinese Medicine exports rose in 2011, with exports to the US alone jumping by 66.3% year on year.” The use and practice of TCM has expanded and spread to other countries, and is currently affecting many individuals. From this fact, this paper aims to study Traditional Chinese Medicine (or TCM) because of its current and possible future situation. Its course of development, evolution, impact on society, and acceptance in the medical field will be thoroughly discussed and analyzed in this paper. There are two reasons as to why this study should be taken. The first is to find out if alternative medicine, specifically Traditional Chinese Medicine, can be considered another plausible treatment for diseases apart from pharmaceutical drugs. The second reason is because it is an ongoing practice that involves many people today, which is why its possible future should be predicted and studied. Contributions of the study: Chinese traditional medicine has contributed many things. It mainly helped in discoveries, studies, and developments. Chinese traditional medicine discovered the many medical uses of plants and animals. They discovered that Astragalus roots can be used to strengthen the heart and prevent heart disease. Schisandra, otherwise known as Magnolia vine,...
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...pipa or enjoy the pipa performance in the concert, people from upper class in the ancient time rarely played classical instrumnets such as pipa and guqin (a plucked seven-string instrument of the zither family) in public or for commercial purposes. And they always refused to be regard as musician because performing artists in ancient China are usually considered as the lowest social class. “In traditional China, most well–educated people and monks could play classical music as a means of self-cultivation, meditation, soul purification and spiritual elevation, union with nature, identification with the values of past sages, and communication with divine beings or with friends and lovers” (Liu) However, the development of pipa in the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) let it became popular in both court music and ordinary people. Indeed, pipa music has a profound impact on the Chinese classical music with its unique historical and artistic value. Actually, pipa is not originated in China and there is a diversity of different pipas existed throughout history. The first records of lutes in China date only from the 3rd century BC and the word “pipa” was first used in China for a variety of plucked chordophones introduced from that time until around the beginning of the Tang...
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...The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart Category General Approach MLA The Modern Language Association (MLA) provides a method for source documentation that is used in most humanities courses. The humanities place emphasis on authorship, so most MLA citation involves recording the author’s name in the physical text. The author’s name is also the first to appear in the “Works Cited” page at the end of an essay. The most recent MLA formatting can be found in the seventh edition of the MLA manual. APA The American Psychological Association (APA) provides a method for source documentation that is used in most social sciences courses. The social sciences place emphasis on the date a work was created, so most APA citation involves recording the date of a particular work in the physical text. The date is usually placed immediately after the author’s name in the “References” page at the end...
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...Authoritarianism Authoritarianism is a form of social organization characterized by submission to authority. It is usually opposed to individualism and democracy. In politics, an authoritarian government is one in which political authority is concentrated in a small group of politician. Characteristics Authoritarianism is characterized by highly concentrated and centralized power maintained by political repression and the exclusion of potential challengers. It uses political parties and mass organizations to mobilize people around the goals of the regime. Authoritarianism emphasizes the rule of the few; it often includes election rigging, political decisions being made by a select group of officials behind closed doors, a bureaucracy that sometimes operates independently of rules, which does not properly supervise elected officials, and fails to serve the concerns of the constituencies they purportedly serve. Authoritarianism also tends to embrace the informal and unregulated exercise of political power, a leadership that is "self-appointed and even if elected cannot be displaced by citizens' free choice among competitors," the arbitrary deprivation of civil liberties, and little tolerance for meaningful opposition; A range of social controls also attempt to stifle civil society, while political stability is maintained by control over and support of the armed forces, a pervasive bureaucracy staffed by the regime, and creation of allegiance through various means of socialization and...
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