...19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. the changes subsequently spread throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world. the onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human society; almost every aspect of daily life was eventually influenced in some way. starting in the latter part of the 18th century there began a transition in parts of Great Britain's previously manual labour and draft animal–based economy towards machine-based manufacturing. it started with the mechanization of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal. trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. the introduction of steam power fuelled primarily by coal, wider utilization of water wheels and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing) underpinned the dramatic increases in production capacity. the development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the 19th century facilitated the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries. the effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the 19th century, eventually affecting most of the world. the impact of this change on society was enormous. the First Industrial Revolution, which began in the 18th century, merged into the Second...
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...The Industrial Revolution began in the second half of 18th century and had an everlasting effect on Europe, and the rest of the world. It caused major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport and technology. Eventually, socioeconomic and cultural conditions began to change in Britain, which then spread throughout Europe, then eventually the world. These changes made Europe and the rest of the world more modern. Proof of this can be seen in more efficient trade & transport and mass production that were a product of Industrial Revolution. This essay will seek to demonstrate the most significant effect these two components had on modernity and how they shaped Europe, and the rest of the world. The time period covered by the Industrial Revolution varies according to Historians, but according to Eric Hobsbawm, it started in Britain in the 1780s and fulfilled its potential in the 1830s or 1840. Some important effects of these two components comprise of, but are not limited to include: technological and chemical innovations, improved trade, transportation and increase in wealth etc. Almost all aspects of daily life were influenced in some way by the Industrial Revolution; hence it marks a major turning point in human history. Industrial Revolution was an achievement of sustained economic growth that began the industrialization of the European economy. Growth did not reach a plateau in Britain as it did in other countries in Europe. Depressions and recessions...
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...consequences to the human society and to the technology in general. The study of unintended consequence has been quite limited in the current day. This paper is a study of unintended consequences of the key technological innovation from 18th century to early 20th century. This paper details the technological innovation from holistic thinking perspective and critically analysis the unintended consequences of the innovations. * Table of Contents 1. Introduction 4 1.1 What is an unintended consequence? (Karl-Erik Sveiby Pernilla Gripenberg, 2009) 4 1.2 Kinds of unintended consequences (Andrews, 2005) 5 2 Nuclear Energy 7 2.1 Concept Map 7 2.1.1 Nuclear Fission Reaction 7 2.1.2 Nuclear Energy development history 7 2.2 Problem 8 2.3 Holistic Thinking Perspective 8 2.4 Technology Innovation 10 2.5 Managing Innovation & Moving to Market 11 2.6 Complexity Management 12 2.7 Quantitative 12 3 Internal Combustion Engine - Automobile industry till early 20th Century 14 3.1 Concept Map 14 3.1.1 History of Internal Combustible Engine 14 3.2 Problem 15 3.3 Holistic Thinking Perspective 15 3.4 Technology Innovation & Moving to Market 17 3.5 Managing Innovation 18 3.6 Complexity Management 18 3.7 Quantitative 18 4 Punch Cards 19 4.1 Concept Map 19 4.2 Problem 20 4.3 Holistic Thinking Perspective 20 4.4 Technology Innovation & Moving to Market 21 4.5 Managing Innovation 21 5 Steam Engine (Locomotive) 22 ...
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...in our Society & Economy Due to Improvements in Transportation Throughout time, our society has experienced growth in our ability to import – export goods, increase our opportunity to travel, and overall develop our economy due largely to advancements in transportation. According to Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, transportation has brought about “revolutionary changes. Concerns a completely new technology that creates new markets and growth opportunities for transportation and the economy as well.” (p. 1) When Americans left the settled towns and cities in the east, they moved across the country in wagons and on horseback, which took nearly six months and was deadly dangerous. According to the Oregon California Trails Association, “trappers and fur traders originally traveled the Oregon Trail.” (home page octa-trails.org) The need for trade of goods and services continued to grow. According to Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Even stagecoaches, were not sufficient to accommodate the growing demands on freight transportation. (Ch. 2 Concept 1) Our society and our growing economy demanded more goods, faster. The world saw a shift in the ability to transport goods and increase productivity in everything from mining to passenger transportation with the invention of the steam engine. Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue states that “Much of the credit of developing the first efficient steam engine in 1765 is attributed to the British Engineer Watt.” (Ch.2 Concept 2). By the 1850’s, railways had swept...
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... Nationalism, an emerging movement, became increasingly noteworthy throughout the Napoleonic Wars, which was derived from the Atlantic Revolutions. The industrialization period prominently impacted on the American Civil War by bringing about vast improvements in technology and transportation, which deemed to have a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the time. Enhanced technology and the evolution from pre modern warfare tactics are evident in Russia’s defeat by the British in the Crimean War. This again shows a direct correlation on how each revolution had a significant impact on how warfare is conducted. Throughout the Napoleonic period there was an immense surge in the numbers that armies were yielding. The growth in armies is parallel to the sense of nationalism and patriotism that was flooding through society. This explosion of recruits was due to idealistic propaganda but also the inevitable product of war psychology that arises in people is similar to the French revolution where large recruitment rose through idealistic change. Through the use idealistic propaganda we also see the change in attitude within society to conscripting to...
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...How Railways Modernised India? (Tutorial -1) Submitted by: Monali MM-401 Media in Modern India Railways Modernised India Modern era starts with the Industrial Revolution in Europe which influenced the colonised countries as these constituted the periphery of the central imperialist countries. However, the time and period of inception of modernity is controversial. Modernity is a change European society was undergoing and injecting these changes in the colonised oriental world for “their own benefits” and had in a way modernised these part. These impacts can be positive or negative depending on the receptiveness of the society or say modernity is dialectical in itself. The transfer of these changes brings cultural transformation in the recipient society. Irrespective of the characteristics of this society, just in order to exploit resources and being opportunistic sometimes yields bad consequences to these societies. But this is not true in all cases. The concept of modernity has kept adding characteristics to itself with time. In colonial or national context, modernity was the idea of liberation or differences in the society, influencing as well as being influenced by the colonial projects. Latter sounds more pronounced as the introduction of education, postal services, telegraphs, railways etc. has helped in the nationalist movement of India. Modernity has many equivalents, one of these is technology. Technology is the metonym for modernity. The equation fosters a conceptual...
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...The Industrial Revolution The term Industrial Revolution refers to the social and economic changes that led to the transition from an agricultural and commercial society to a modern industrial one. This revolution relied on machinery instead of basic tools. This happened in Great Britain in the middle of the 18th century until the middle of the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution spread to other parts of Europe as well as other parts of the world. The period of explorations from the 14th to the 16th centuries helped in laying the foundations for the Industrial Revolution. Because of the explorations and subsequently colonialism, gold and silver from the New World flooded Europe. Prices of commodities rose, industries bloomed and a money-based economy fully developed. The expansion of trade and the economy based on money led to the creation of financial and lending institutions. Thus, the necessary factors for the emergence of an Industrial Revolution had already been established in the 15thcentury. The term Industrial revolution does not imply that changes happened only in the industry. In fact, the rise in the number of factories, the economic changes and the new inventions in science all had a great impact in the lives of the people in Europe and even the whole world. THE RISE OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN GREAT BRITAIN From the 18th to the 19th centuries, Great Britain was the leading force in industry. It had large deposits of coal and iron. Because...
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...Discuss the claim that the middle classes gained most from the Industrial Revolution in Europe. Refer to at least two o f the following countries: Britain, France or Germany. The Industrial Revolution had a major impact on the structure of society in Europe. As in all major changes, there were winners and losers. This essay will examine the effect of the Industrial Revolution on the position of the middle class. The difference in income was significant even within what was considered middle-class as the concept of middle class was so vast. The middle class compromised of professionals, merchants, craftsmen, overseers, factory managers, lawyers, doctors and alike in the nineteenth century. The Industrial Revolution brought with it a general rise in living conditions throughout Europe. This was possibly one of the greatest of the benefits the middle classes enjoyed from the Industrial Revolution. Demand rose and new industries emerged stimulating the economy, resulting in more jobs being available and more wealth in general. The economical boost of the Industrial Revolution mainly benefitted the middle classes. The middle class generally amassed more wealth and attained more buying power; this had a straight effect on their livelihood and can be seen especially in housing. For example in London many middle-class families could afford to buy their own terraced home with two or three bedrooms. The housing enjoyed by the middle class was luxurious as opposed to the one...
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...As one of the earliest settlement areas in North America, the Maritime region has been an emblem of heritage roots throughout the course of Canadian history. Often referred to as a symbol of regional sovereignty, historians have labelled the Maritimes as a pioneer of the earliest commerce and trade activities. It is for this very reason that many have alluded to the Golden Ages of the Maritimes, a period marked by regional economic growth. With a pre-existing maturity in the fishing, logging, farming, and shipping industries, the technological improvements brought by industrialization at the turn of the 19th century led to the boom of industrial bases for steel and coal markets. This enabled the three provinces to capitulate their geographical advantage since the area was abundant in coal deposits, and lead to one of the wealthiest expansions in Maritime history. As Acheson famously points out, the local attitude was that despite transportation problems, it would still become the industrial centre of Canada because only it had commercially viable iron and coal deposits, and only it could control Montreal fuel resources. Why then, did the end of an era dominated by manufacturing lead to an economic stagnation that left a permanent imprint over the course of the century? Over the years, historians and economists alike have deemed a variety of factors as accountable for the general economic backwardness that prevailed. While some of these academic research pose contradictions amongst...
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...Shift Between Traditional and Modern Society From the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century till the present day, the shift between tradition and modernity has developed incredibly. The relationship between traditional and modern society, also known as ‘Mass society,’ is distinguished between the past and present, along with continuity and change. The establishment of different inventions and customs from traditional society have been handed down from generations to generations, which help shape modern society. However, one may wonder, what are the main features from traditional society that have made a dramatic impact for life today? Also, is one more sympathetic to one society, than the other? Traditional and modern families have several differences in terms of family honour, gender roles in the labour force and marriage, along with the role of government on legitimate killings and the food markets. Furthermore, technology from the industrial revolution, such as, the automobile, coal mines, and steam engines also played a great role. Thus, through the many different concepts, the role of family, government and technology, one can see that modern society is better developed and more individualistic than traditional society. FAMILY In traditional society, the honour of one’s family is based on the behaviour of the family as a whole. An individual who does something wrong, can affect not only their own honour, but also the honour of the entire family. This results in a...
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...The Industrialization brought rapid and unexpected changes to the US production economy. John D. Rockefeller who owned a railroad monopoly, Andrew Carnegie made a fortune with a steel monopoly, and Thomas Edison, one of the world’s greatest inventors and patents owners, were significant entrepreneurs that contributed with the advancement and improvement of the nation’s economy. These businessmen also pushed the rural nation to evolve into a modern-urban industrial state. During the Industrialization, various fields were revolutionized such as communication systems and the invention of the steam engines. ‘The telegraph and later radio brought them closer to each other and the rest of the world[1].” Transportation systems were expanded, allowing people to find jobs at factories miles away from their homes. Even women were able to start working and provide for their families. Streetcars and railway lines privileged Americans to relocate to the suburbs. Immigration emerged placing the US to become a multicultural country. The Industrialization helped the US to become one of the biggest international trade countries. Nowadays, the US is a first world nation,...
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...United States economy grew unprecedentedly due to the technology expanding and the immigration. The positive implication were notable such as the growth of the industry and transport expanding propelled the U.S into being technologically advanced superpower the most. On outburst of health concerns ensued due to the population explosion. The Industrialization after the Civil War had affected the American in many ways possible. Industrialization was influenced the U.S. society with the numbers of many employed children being under the age of 15 they were increasing with the children there was supposed to be getting an education but instead they was working the underage children. The industries of the steel and oil became the fueled growth of the American economy. The politics of the U.S. Influenced the industrialization with creating the laws that had prohibited with many immigrants from obtaining the freedom and rights of the people. The three major aspects which had influenced the U.S. economy, politics and society during the industrialization after the Civil War were the first types of employment of the geographical region. The women in both of the urban and rural areas engaged into the paid labor outside and inside the homes. The work were occupied with the work they had traditionally worked on farms before the industrialization. The south had some manufacturing capability in the cotton was one of the most valuable product in the south. With the growth of the U.S industry it...
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...different societies have witnessed change in dissimilar capacities over the course of time. Particularly, Europe has undergone several changes over the course of the twentieth century due to a number of innovations. These changes have been experienced in technology, economics, politics, and most of all, in the social arena. The changes have affected their lives of Europeans through total transformation or modification in several ways. In most instances, these changes have been driven by the need to increase production in a bid to improve the economic conditions while in some instances; the changes have been driven by the need to have more convenience in doing different things. The resultant effect of these breakthroughs came in varying capacities such as immediate change while others laid the groundwork for important developments for the future. These innovations ranged from pioneering inventions and political advancements to bold scientific and medical advancements. The adoption of the steam engine as the primary source of power marked the onset of the Industrial revolution, and it revolutionized the process of production in industries such as textiles, agriculture, and transportation (Young, 2005, p. 29). Initially, the most important source of power in the industries was muscular strength that was at times supplemented with water and wind. Even though these sources of energy did get the job done, they were still somehow slow, thus making them inefficient. When the steam engine...
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...Susan Edson 1 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Escrito por: Susan Edson Dirigido por: D. Juan Carlos Palmer Trabajo presentado para la obtención del Titulo Universitario Senior Universitat Jaume I Castellón, mayo 2005 2 Indice: I. General Concept………………………………..…… 4 1. First industrial revolution 2. Second industrial revolution 3. Modernization II. Europe……………………………………………….. 9 1. England 2. Scotland 3. Rest of Europe III. U.S.A………………………………………………... 17 1. The growth of U.S. industry. 2.Organization of industrial relations. 3.Agriculture. IV. Developments and innovations……………………… 24 1. Colonialism 2. Apprenticeship 3. Science and technology 4. Machine tools 5. Textiles 6. Steam engines 7. Locomotives and Steamboats 8. The Electric Telegraph 9. Architecture 10. Rubber 11. Lighting 12. Time V. Conclusions………………………………………... 42 VI. Bibliography………………………………………… 44 3 I. General Concept 1. The First Industrial Revolution Between 1760 and 1830 the Industrial Revolution was mainly confined to Britain. Being aware of its head start on other countries, Britain forbade the export of machinery, skilled workers and manufacturing techniques. This could not last, as many Britons saw profitable industrial opportunities abroad and continental European businessmen were keen to lure British know-how to their countries. Belgium became the first country in continental Europe to be transformed economically, having machine shops ...
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...Industry, Science, and Technology were the three things that shaped to coming together of nations between North America and Western Europe. This also brought relationship between two different parts of the country. Industrialization, religion, and war were the main three reasons of change. Due to different industrial development between the two, a sense of rivalry emerged, thus starting the second industrial revolution. With some of the changes helped other and in some cases hurt others. Such as, when Japan, decided to join. With the increase of countries the industrial nations and the changes in global economy, led to rivalries in the industrial society. Such as Britain had to compete with the United States and Germany. Industrialization...
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