...Muslim and Arab Stereotyping By Western Media Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements Of ENG216/246 Course By Ismail Yousry … 111645 Under Supervision of Dr. Ghada El Akhdar Muslim and Arab Stereotyping By Western Media Industrial Engineering MSA University Table Of Contents ABSTRACT………………………………………………………...……3 I. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………3-4 II.LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………….5-9 III.DISCUSSION………………………………………………………9-11 IV.CONCLSUION………………………………………………………11 REFRENCE………………………………………………………………12 ABSTRACT This research objectively is talking about the negative growing relationship between Arab Muslims and the western world particularly after the world trade Centre attack, Arab phobia have been a part of the western culture. For centuries the Arab has played the role of villain, seducer of our women, hustler and robber-the barbarian waiting at the gates of development. Currently in the 20th century, Arab as seen as terrorists, murderers and enemies due to how media presents them, new images has been emerged to the whole world thanks to Hollywood film makers, this study also aims to reveal the truth image of the Arab Muslim world and to prove the unfair attitude against Arab and Muslims made by the media that was not careful to appear neutral and unbiased. I.INTRODUCTION Who exactly are the Arabs and Muslims? When we use both of these terms, we Are talking about more...
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...generalization that people make and stereotypes that people have. Stereotyping is the way to use the fixed images of people belonging to a group, which have a tendency to categorize people based on a group they belong to rather than processing the information individually. Generalization usually comes before stereotyping, in order to generalize certain group of people. For example, all Italian loves spaghetti, and Maria is Italian, hence in conclusion Maria loves spaghetti. In that case, people are stereotyping Maria, which in fact Maria might or might not love spaghetti as she comes from North Eastern part of Italy whose has Germanic Austrian background. In fact, stereotyping leads to arrange some conception map in a way of thinking in which aimed to facilitate the progress of information. Stereotyping can be considered normal when faced with a new situation. Stereotyping triggers the mindset that has been collectively programming to set up that each group has the same pattern, which in fact it may be different with the perception to certain things. In the worst case, stereotyping may lead to possibility of racism, exclusion and personal discrimination towards ethnic identity, culture, occupation, age, sex, education grounds and some more. However, this essay later will just discuss four types of stereotype such as age, gender, racial and religion since they are perceived as the most common types appeared in the idea of stereotyping. The rest of the research report proceeds as follows...
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...membership in that group. Stereotyping is one of the biggest problems that we deal with, particularly in law enforcement. Stereotype threat can result in a self-fulfilling insight whereby a person comes to resemble his or her reputation, living up or down to social expectations. Over the years there have been many allegations of police officers accused of going after individuals and accusing them of a crime based on the sole fact of what their religious beliefs might be. This has been going on for a long time; however in recent years, it has gotten worse. The main job of police officers is to uphold the law, not to break it. Although stereotyping is not against the law, police officers have taken an oath to protect all human beings, regardless of their race or religion and stereotyping based on religion should not take place. Just because an individual is of a certain race does not give us the right to stereotype them as a bad human being. Thus stereotyping one’s religious beliefs is wrong, and it goes against what America is all about, that everyone is equal. The book American Dervish is a perfect example of diversity and religion in the United States. The book is good but some of the characters the author creates who are practicing Muslims or depicting themselves as practicing are all mostly hypocrites and also called out as sheep who cannot think for themselves. I almost wanted to take offense to this and say that the author shouldn’t make Muslims look that bad, but I...
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...of individuals by association is known as stereotyping, Stereotyping leads to numerous problems for both the individual and the group as a whole. For example, Individuals face discrimination at both work and school. The effects on the group, however, are much more drastic. Because of their religion, many nations refuse to give them asylum out of fear. On the individual level Muslim children and teenagers are targets for derogatory comments and acts of hate. According to Sacirbey, an older boy asked a young female student “What are you looking at towel-head?” (Sacirbey). The older boy was referencing to her Islamic headscarf. O’Neal had...
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...The Reluctant Fundamentalist challenges Muslim stereotypes by exposing the viewer to the negative affects of stereotyping. While The Reluctant Fundamentalist does not directly address other examples of stereotyping, by showing its detrimental affects it encourages the us to imagine others complexly. Stereotyping is the simplification of a person or culture (country, religion) into an idea of what all people who fit under that umbrella are. In the Reluctant Fundamentalist we see how an engaged young man has to question his identity as a Pakistani and American in a post 9/11 United States. We feel Changez’s uncertainty and estrangement when he faces aggression and racism in a place that he called home. The Reluctant Fundamentalist targets a...
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...minorities through film Introduction: Stereotyping against minorities had been an issue since the 20th century and since then the minorities had been protesting against the discrimination and inequality in entertainment industries. This includes the discrimination in vote, ownership, basic human rights and social rights which led to the stride of the minorities to protest for the equal rights living in a country. For example in America, the black Americans were hunted and lynched by the white Americans and it was celebrated as a sport. So in mid of 20th century, although the black Americans got their freedom, they still faced the color racism by the majority of America. Stereotyping against minorities through entertainment started at the start of the entertainment industry in the world. Unfortunately, stereotyping against the minorities through media was also recorded by the film’s historians. Considering the example of Joseph Goebbels, who was the propaganda general during World War 2 and he was considered to be the founder of the discrimination portrayed in his directed films. During Nazi Regime, there were many stereotyping against the Jews and this discrimination was proudly displayed by the Goebbels propaganda they specifically targeted the Jewish controlled organization and they were negatively portrayed in the entire film. However these stereotyping ended by the end of National Socialist Party but sadly the practice of stereotyping the minorities through film remained...
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...Crash begins, with a Muslim man going into a store to buy a gun from a white store owner. The white store owner views the man negatively because of his Muslim background. The white store owner’s preconceived attitudes towards the man are largely based on the September 11th terror attacks on the United States by a group of Muslim terrorists. This particular scene provides an example of stereotyping. According to the book Multicultural Law Enforcement, stereotyping is when people classify someone based on a particular pattern, but do not recognize their individuality. The white store owner believes that the Muslim man in his store is going to commit some type of criminal act, because of what little knowledge he has of Muslims. This lack of knowledge about Muslims, and the terrorist attacks completed by Muslims on US soil lead him to exhibit some form of stereotyping against all Muslims. The reality of stereotyping is that it has existed in humanity for centuries and still plays a major role in the lives of so many people around the world. I think that the only way to reduce stereotyping is by increasing education about what makes us different and embracing our uniqueness. Matt Dillon’s character John Ryan is vividly engrained into my imagination. John Ryan and his partner receive a call of a car- jacking involving a black Navigator. Ryan and his partner see a black Navigator in passing, run the plates and his partner advises him that, it is not the vehicle they are looking...
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...line, this is because they are still seen to be ‘weaker’ than men and will make our front lines less effective. This is unequal as women are seen to have less physical and mental strength to do a job which is thought to be meant for a man. Another example of an unequal society is certain places only being meant for certain cultural groups, this is not always unequal if the area is only populated with this cultural group however if it is in an area with a large range of cultural groups then it makes it unequal. Prejudice is a fixed set of attitudes or beliefs about a certain group of individuals in society which is unwilling, unable and often uninterested in changing. It is a prejudgement against this group which is closely linked to stereotyping which can lead to labelling. If...
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...Whether negative or positive, stereotypes are common among all races and religions and provide people with an idea about who someone is without getting to know them. For Muslim people the stereotyping has gone beyond making assumptions about people, it has progressed to a level where numerous people have openly shown prejudice and discrimination towards Muslim people by American citizens (Croucher et al. 2013). The media has brought a lot of attention to the various terrorist attacks and wars in Iraq, so when American citizens see a person in their town wearing religious attire similar to what they've seen on television, the natural reaction is to be afraid and suspicious. This stereotyping has not been harmless as some people might believe,...
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...view of deviance in which someone being labeled as a “deviant” leads a person to engage in deviant behavior. This theory was originated by Howard Becker’s work in the 1960s. The labeling theory explains why people’s behavior clashes with societal norms. Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: • Race • Ethnicity • Religion • Gender • Sexual orientation • Age • Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Religion All Muslim are terrorists. All Jews are cheap. All Mormons believe in polygamy. Age Children- loud, spoiled, and unintelligent Teens- Selfish, lazy, and unemployed Adults- Work-oriented, bossy, look down on teenagers Disability Emotionally disturbed Crippled Dumb Part III Answer each question in 100 to 150 words related to those stereotypes: • What are the positive aspects of the stereotypes, if any? - Stereotyping in the positive aspect could be understood as the way in which people reduce the complexity of the world to a more manageable level. It helps protect our minds from information overload. For this reason, we resort to simplified assumptions of other people and countries and their characteristics. Many restaurant establishments may deliberately select a French association for their food in order to benefit from the positive associations many consumers have with French food. For humans to avoid sensory overload, we tend to select specific...
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...behavior as he was reciting prayers in Arabic in his own way. Rizwan, A Muslim who suffers from Asperger's syndrome, a form of high-functioning autism that complicates socialization, embarked on an extraordinary journey to meet the US president to clear his and his son’s name, when his teenage son was killed in a racial violence after the 9-11 terrorist attack. It’s not a real life story; it’s the plot of the world-renowned movie “My Name is Khan”. Unfortunately real life tragedies of Arabic speaker in everyday life don’t always have happy endings like Rizwan’s, in that movie. After 9-11 Arabic speakers were blacklisted, shunned and suffered losses, and some were killed; In the catastrophic event of 9-11 along with the religion Islam, the language got agonized, anyone who speaks it, anyone who is directly or indirectly attached to it – Arabic, the most misunderstood, misjudged and unappreciated language of current Western world. The aim of this essay is to discuss the negative stereotypes of Arabic speakers portrayed in western society with examples given in relation to the role of the media and the effects of religious racism on average everyday life of users of this language. Religiously and ethnically diverse societies produce a range of constantly changing issues and challenges for society, groups and individuals. Some of these issues include exclusion of minority groups, racism, harassment, stereotyping, intimidation, denial of employment, disapproval to build religious establishments...
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...prevalent in America today? The intercultural communication barrier that I believe is most prevalent in America today would be stereotyping and prejudice. When people stereotype others they assume that a person has certain characteristics and abilities that they believe all members of that group have. Many people use stereotypes to simplify their world and reduce the amount of processing and thinking they have to do when they meet a new person. Stereotyping makes people ignore the differences between others, as well. Then they end up thinking things about people that might not be true and make generalizations. Stereotypes also lead to social categorization, which is one of the reasons for prejudice attitudes. This is because most stereotypes tend to convey a negative impression (Beebe, Beebe & Redmond, 2008). Stereotyping and prejudice happens every day in the United States. One example of stereotyping comes from a story I read about in my Cultural Diversity class. Although African Americans accounted for only 17 percent of the motorists on the New Jersey turnpike during a certain time period, they were 80 percent of the motorists pulled over. These occurrences gave rise to the charge that a new traffic offense was added to the books: DWB, or “driving while Black” (Schaefer, 2012, p. 42). Another example of stereotyping is racial profiling. A federal study made public in 2005 found that African Americans were twice as likely and Latinos were five times...
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: |Term |Definition | |Stereotypes |Stereotypes are qualities assigned to groups of people related to their race, nationality or sexual | | |orientation. | |Prejudice |An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts | |Labeling theory |Deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively | | |label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms. | Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: • Race • Ethnicity • Religion • Gender • Sexual orientation • Age • Disability |Category |Stereotype 1 |Stereotype 2 |Stereotype 3 | |Race |Indians are terrorist |Mexicans are all illegal |Black people are ghetto | | | |immigrants. ...
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...Fear and Stereotyping At this particular moment in history we are witnessing the growing hostile attitudes toward Muslims and people of middle eastern descent, and toward those of Hispanic descent. I believe fear is the foundation or root of this hostility. Psychologist believe we use stereotyping to process information about our world on a macro level and this is necessary in order to organize and simplify knowledge. (Murphy Paul, 2015) But, when we allow fear to dictate our decision making process, this necessary tool can become a weapon. Fear is the root of all bias. Fear of the unknown. Fear of change. Fear of the “others”. Every time we make a comment or think in terms of “those people”, every time we use stereotypes as identifiers, we...
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...television. The media will continue running a story over and over the replaying of a story helps to reinforce this information in people’s minds thus helping to shape their opinion on different subject. This paper will discuss media’s reaction regarding the Arab and Muslim Americans since September 11 attacks. This paper will address the historic framework as well as the political content on this issue. My own opinion will be given on certain messages the media was attempting to portray was this coverage a biased or unbiased as well as was this issue sensationalized or objectively portrayed. For this assignment comes a story from the Detroit news titled Always Suspect: Local Arabs and Immigration. After September 11, 2001 became a turning point in the lives of people in America and around the world. Many Americans lost and gave their lives as well as being injured this had a huge effect on the Arab and Muslim community in living in United States. The lives of many changed due to the actions of a few even the media had a huge impact with people in how they would view these events on 9/11. Months following this tragic event news stations even radio stations their stories focused many on terrorism by Arab and Muslim people. When the average people listen to the news this became...
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