...Command of Bomber Harris ASSESSMENT Assessor: Richard Martin Mark: Comments: UNSHAKEABLE FAITH: THE FLAWED COMMAND OF BOMBER HARRIS INTRODUCTION This research paper will focus on Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Harris’ wartime command of the Royal Air Force’s (RAF) Bomber Command from 1942-1945. This analysis will utilize Dr. Ross Pigeau and Carol McCann’s model to evaluate the dimensions relating to Harris’ Competency, Authority and Responsibility (CAR) and to assess the overall balance and effectiveness of Harris’ command. The CAR model was deemed most suitable to dissect pertinent aspects of this complex and controversial commander, allowing for the necessary depth of analysis into his abilities, responsibilities, beliefs, actions and reactions over a specific timeframe. This paper will illustrate that Harris, although highly skilled in many areas and having demonstrated impressive successes at the helm of Bomber Command, had a singular and seemingly intractable approach to war – to obliterate Germany’s war production capacity by area bombing its cities. This inflexible approach inhibited his ability to see the bigger picture with any measure of objectivity and was the Achilles Heel of his leadership, limiting his command capability and resulting in an abuse of his authority -- and ultimately, having a detrimental effect on the Allied offensive. His unshakeable faith became a measure of “obstinacy and...
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...I %te"x *$'*t r€s&u rc€ffi €xpeniencing Management Explore the four levels of learning by doing the simulation module on Ethics & Social Responsibility. Pod Nod Mini lecture reviews all the learning points in the chapter. Author lnsights Chuck talks about why it's hard to do the right thing Self Test 10 quiz questions, 6 exhibit worksheets, and Power- Points for quick review. 56 I What Would You DoP Gap, lnc. Headquarters, San Francisco, California.r When you a decent standard of living and allow workers to organize unions to improve decided to join Gap as its new CEO (Gap, lnc. runs Gap, Banana Republic, their conditions in factories." ls Gap the only company that relies and Old Navy clothing stores), your teenage daughter immediately asked, on such suppliers? No, it isn't. According to Kirk Douglass of pivot lnterna- "Doesn't Gap use sweatshops?"you stockholders, suppliers, overseas weren't surprised by her question, as the company has received intense negative news coverage regarding the tional, a manufacturing company that owns factories in the Philippines and workers, or protesters-take precedence? Furthermore, is Gap really does work with Chinese companies,,,lf you go into almost any plant in the treatment of workers in the overseas factories from which it buys its clothes. responsible for the terrible treatment of overseas workers? ln other words, nondeveloped countries of the...
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...Quarter 2 Market Research Summary In our market research we were given a lot of data related to customer needs, market size, willingness to pay, and compensation. In this document I’ll provide the most important data we used to make our decision. It’s important to note the 2 markets Apex decided to initially target were the Traveler and Workhorse category. Plant/office location analysis We see our potential market is very strong in Tokyo, with around 3,500 potential consumers as of quarter 2. Using the data we found that it would be best to open our sales centers in America and Asia to gain maximum market share per dollar. Combined with the shipping information above were our two main selling points of opening a plant in the APAC area. On the shipping costs chart, our shipping costs are roughly $25 dollars less than any other region. Industry Average Compensation for Factory Workers | Region | Salary | Health Benefits | Vacation | Pension | Total Yearly Cost | NORAM | 16,000 | 1,600 | 415 | 1,440 | 19,455 | MEA | 12,000 | 1,200 | 666 | 1,320 | 15,186 | LATAM | 11,000 | 1,100 | 285 | 440 | 12,825 | EUROPE | 17,000 | 2,550 | 944 | 2,210 | 22,704 | APAC | 14,000 | 1,400 | 363 | 980 | 16,743 | Our team drew two main conclusions from our factory worker compensation data. First this information further confirmed our theory that it was wise to not enter the European market. Europe was fairly strong in the workhorse market with around 4,700 potential customers...
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...behind the war effort. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust in which 11 million people were killed and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres, and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, this global conflicted resulted in an estimated 50 to 85 million casualties. This made World War II the deadliest conflict in all of human history and marked the rise in civilians as a target. Since then, civilians have become targets in many of the wars that followed; Vietnam war, Gulf war, Iraq war and the various civil wars in the middle east. World War II demonstrated an enormous shift in the technological capabilities of many countries which brought down death and destruction of the civilian populations. (1) Before World War II began, there were advances in military aviation which resulted in bombers capable of devastating cities from incredible heights, rendering anti-aircraft guns almost useless. When the war began, President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the neutral United States, issued an appeal to the major belligerents of the war, to confine their air raids to military targets only. The England, France and Germany decided to agree with Roosevelt and Germany explained their reasons for the bombing of Warsaw as it was a fortified city. However after Germany broke their promise on the 14 May 1940, during the bombing of Rotterdam, the British changed their policy a day later and started conducting raids in the Ruhr Area, including oil plants...
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...Interestingly, the Soviet declaration of war against the Japanese is not mentioned in this recapitulate. These successes had an unforeseen consequence for the newly founded Air Force; generals had inflated expectations that influenced Washington, where political leaders worried that strategic bombing could provide amply propaganda opportunities to the enemy (p6). However, this was the exact goal of the USAF at the start of the Korean War. According to Crane, close air support did not influence the enemy’s decision making, and despite outcry by elements of the army, airmen wanted air interdiction and strategic bombing (p28). Friction between General MacArthur and General LeMay appeared, MacArthur only wanted to attack military targets, while LeMay pushed for targeting city centers. In LeMay’s opinion, this would show the Communists the seriousness of United Nations intervention and Crane pointed out that in LeMay’s defense; eventually aircraft...
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...To understand why people use suicide bombing as a strategy for violence, you must first know what a suicide attack is. A suicide attack "a violent attack in which the attacker expects to die in the process". Suicide bombings have occurred numerous times in history, dating back to the first suicide bombings in the 1800's. Some wonder if Suicide attacks are because of religious beliefs and/or mental disorders. But most studies and interviews have shown that that is not the case. But the question that has been asked countless times is; what provokes people to carry out such a tragic action? Looking at the statistics, studies show that many suicide bombers are not the stereotypical extremists that have nothing to live for. According to one article, while recruited bombers are mentally ill, there are many recruits who come from more normal sides of life (brittanica.com). This is...
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...To what extent can the bombing of Dresden (1945) be perceived as a war crime according to international law today? The analysis that is set out hereafter presents the case that there is a strong argument that the Dresden bombing CAN be perceived as a war crime. There have always been elements of controversy attached to it for a few important reasons with the main issue of concern being why this city was chosen as a target after five years of war. Some of the reasons proffered are as follows: a) The city was part of Nazi Germany and therefore could be legitimately attacked in the ordinary scheme of things. The Allied forces were after all at war with Nazi Germany b) There was the belief that the city was being used under the cover of...
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...Project 2: Research Plan and Introduction Susan Palmer Southern New Hampshire University Research Plan Research Question 1: How serious are the health issues of the current survivors? Research Question 2: “What were the health effects of the atomic bombings on the citizens of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?” Secondary Sources: Sigal, L. (1978). Bureaucratic Politics & Tactical Use of Committees: The Interim Committee & the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb. Polity, 10(3), 326-364. doi:10.2307/3234412 Miles, R. E., Jr. (1985). Hiroshima: The Strange Myth of Half a Million American Lives Saved. International Security 10(2), 121-140. The MIT Press. Retrieved from Project MUSE database. Historical Context: The strange...
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... whatever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or any other nature that may be invoked to justify them." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_terrorism Terrorism has become a global threat and is not just confined to the theatre of war, it is also not only targeted at nations involved in those conflicts like the United States (9/11) and Great Britain (the July 7 London Bombings) but also with any nation and organization that is seen as an ally of such nations. ESICS Briefing on THE TERRORISM THREAT LINKED TO THE LIBYAN CRISIS states “obviously on the top of the list of likely targets for Colonel Gaddafi are the United Kingdom and France, they are closely followed by the United States (an old and usual enemy of Libya but also by the Arab countries taking part in the coalition, every single national participating in the operations could be seen as a legitimate target.” In stating this the point that I am making is, although , we must take into concideration that Current Situation: STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT Emerging Terrorist Networks “As al-Qaeda has syndicated its ideology and violence, its affiliates and adherents in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula...
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...The History of Terrorism This comprehensive description for the history of terrorism analysis provides insight into the French and Russian revolutions expanding the terrorism knowledge to the Irish revolutionaries for political changes. The change of faces in terrorism activities shows as the left wing extremists slowly faded away with the collapse of the communism. The modern right wing extremist have an old history of using religious aspects as an excuse for killing innocent people to gain the political advantages. The future of terrorism takes a newer turn with the introduction for the weapons of mass destruction causing deaths of millions of innocents for the terrorist's statement, and mission. The development of the Department of Homeland Security and United States Patriot Act helped the Intelligence community, government agencies, and law enforcement departments provide viable information toward modern terrorism tactics. The fight for everlasting freedom becomes a combination of information resources working together toward the same objectives. Terrorism Phenomenon According to Jacqueline Carberry (1999), "the global terrorism phenomenon used for political aspirations, sometimes as freedom from oppression, and changing of governmental politics" (685). This phenomenon affects everyone in any city in the United States, and international world. The term terrorism has no boundaries or respect for the national and international world. Every government across the global community...
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...3 COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES In chapte r 2, we described the growth of a new kind of terrorism, and a new terrorist organization—especially from 1988 to 1998, when Usama Bin Ladin declared war and organized the bombing of two U.S. embassies. In this chapter, we trace the parallel evolution of government efforts to counter terrorism by Islamic extremists against the United States. We mention many personalities in this report. As in any study of the U.S. government, some of the most important characters are institutions. We will introduce various agencies, and how they adapted to a new kind of terrorism. 3.1 FROM THE OLD TERRORISM TO THE NEW: THE FIRST WORLD TRADE CENTER BOMBING At 18 minutes after noon on February 26, 1993, a huge bomb went off beneath the two towers of the World Trade Center.This was not a suicide attack.The terrorists parked a truck bomb with a timing device on Level B-2 of the underground garage, then departed.The ensuing explosion opened a hole seven stories up. Six people died. More than a thousand were injured. An FBI agent at the scene described the relatively low number of fatalities as a miracle.1 President Bill Clinton ordered his National Security Council to coordinate the response. Government agencies swung into action to find the culprits.The Counterterrorist Center located at the CIA combed its files and queried sources around the world. The National Security Agency (NSA), the huge Defense Department signals collection agency, ramped up its communications...
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...Al-Shabaab Profile Al-Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahidden (al Shabaab) is a designated terrorist organisation (National Counterterrorism Centre, 2013) and part of al Qaeda, which operates in Somalia aiming to establish an Islamic Somali state(Atwan, 2013 pp.111-114). Al-Shabaab would want to meet clandestinely with the pirates. Al-Shabaab’s need for financing, and al Qaeda’s emphasis on finding local sources, means that al-Shabaab supports pirates in exchange for receiving a portion of the pirates’ ransoms (Atwan, pp.121-126). Ports and maritime access are essential for piracy and al-Shabaab can use this as leverage for further collaboration (Akhgar, 2013 p.42). The failed US attack on an al-Shabaab Barawe stronghold and al-Shabaab’s subsequent deployment of beach defences are demonstrative of the advantages of operating out of al-Shabaab controlled ports and evidence of al-Shabaab’s ability to withstand attacks by foreign forces (Ahmed et al., 2013). When meeting with the pirates, al-Shabaab could ask for control of the AusAID/WFP food shipment and future pirate food hauls. Over 3 million people are reliant on aid in Somalia (Atwan, p.118) and the food could be used to restore Somali faith in al-Shabaab, lost after recent al-Shabaab attacks. Food supplies could provide incentive for recruitment to the al-Shabaab cause if distributed in Somalia, or in the Somali populated areas of Kenya and Ethiopia. Al-Shabaab would not meet with aid agencies such as the WFP. The WFP was ‘banned’...
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...| Suicide Bomber Profile | Suicidal Tendencies of Suicide Bombers | | | | | Tendencies of Suicide Bombers Suicide terrorism is the targeted use of self-obliteration of human beings against non-combatant individuals (usually civilian populations) with the objective of causing political change within a country. Even though a suicide attack is aimed to destroy an initial target, its primary use is a weapon of psychological warfare intended to affect a larger public audience. The main target is not those who are killed, instead it is aimed at those made to witness it. In the last 3 decades, it is estimated that there has been around 1200 suicide attacks taking place in different parts of the world, making up about 4% of all terrorist attacks but 32% (14,599 individuals) of all terrorism-related deaths. Approximately 90% of these attacks have occurred in Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Israel alone. Although there is an association between suicide and suicidal behavior and homicide and violence to others, few studies on suicide comment on the phenomenon of the ‘suicide’ bomber. In the absence of any universally agreed definition of the term ‘terrorism’, the term tends to be very subjective: One person's terrorist may be another's freedom fighter. According to some authors on the history of terrorism, suicide or self-sacrifice associated with terrorist violence is not a new phenomenon. [1] In fact, suicide attacks are very old modus operandi. In...
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...Cyber terrorism Assignment #10 6/15/2012 TS 5999 Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………2 Introduction…………………………………………………..3 What is Cyberterrorism?....................................................3-4 History…………………………………………………………4 Examples of cyberterrorism…………………………………4-6 Level of cyber terror capability ……………………………..6 Figure 1……………………………………………………….7 Prevention of cyberterrorism……………………………….7-8 Conclusion ……………………………………………………..8 Reference ……………………………………………………...9-10 Abstract Cyberterrorism has increasing become one of the most significant threats nationally and internationally. Being that the internet makes it easier for terrorist to communicate, organize terrorist cells, share information, plan attacks; the internet also is used to cyber terrorist acts. Since the September 11th terror attacks on the US, American have remained on high alert for possibly another terror attack. The government has many action plans ready in the event that they get wind of another attack or an attack happens. Law enforcement has received training in terrorism prevention and detection techniques, granted terrorist are always looking for ways to improve their methods of attack. This paper will look at all the different aspects of cyberterrorism and review the different cases of cyberterrorism nationally and internationally. Introduction The use of computers and the internet have been an important part of our daily lives. Computers and the internet makes...
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...terror attacks imaginable. The day was planned to begin with festivities to mark a new year also known as the Day of Knowledge. The celebrations came to an immediate halt as a terrorist group, later discovered to contain Ingush and Chechen militants stormed the school. The 3 day siege left a devastating impact on the Russians as well as the entire world who then questioned their own vulnerability. America who had been increasing security measures since 2001 now needed to re-evaluate the school security system. Following the separation of the Soviet Union a Muslim group located in the Caucus Mountains started an independence movement. Resisting Russian rule, this group has been responsible for many terror attacks including, bombings, suicide bombings, sieges and the killing of innocent people. (Mcevers 2006) The group is well known for violent tactics and having absolutely no regard for human life including their own. The extreme measures taken over the years have shown to be true especially at School number one in Beslan. At approximately 9:00 AM almost 1,200 individuals at the celebration were forced into the school by masked armed militants. Immediately upon entering they began killing a group of boys while wiring the gymnasium area with explosives. Children were used as human shields to cover exposed windows and more boys who may have posed a threat were murdered. In the midst of the onset of the chaos fifty people were able to escape the terror as the school was overrun...
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