...John Molson School of Business Strategic Management and Cost Management Concepts April 8, 2010 Section G Table of Contents Introduction 2 1. Overview of Cost Management and Strategy 3 2. Implementing Strategy 5 3. Basic Concepts 10 Conclusion 14 References 15 Appendix I: Product & Period Costs 18 Appendix 2: Balanced Scorecard 19 Companies are constantly trying to improve their business and the quality of their products. While Marketing and Operations Management are two departments that aid in improving a company’s business, the accounting department plays a major role in this transformation as well. Considering the managerial aspect of accounting, a lot of what it takes to improving ones business is cost management and strategy. Strategic and cost management are essential to any business as they provide the foundation for determining problems and improving quality. Strategic and cost management concepts can be broken down into three parts: the overview of strategies that can be used, the ways to implement these strategies and the cost concepts that can be used to manage costs. 1. Overview of Cost Management and Strategy There are several cost and strategic techniques that can be used to improve a company’s overall position. These techniques, however, are within broader topics, such as the business environment, management techniques and competitive strategy. Firstly, a changing...
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...STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND COST MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS Introduction The concepts of cost management and strategic management are the foundations for managers. The growing pressures of global competition and technological innovation have made cost management more critical and dynamic than ever before. Now cost management has moved towards a broader strategic focus than that of product costing. This so-called strategic cost management needs to facilitate strategic management in order to allow the firm to retain its competitive advantage. In order to implement this, benchmarking, value chain, balance scorecard and SWOT analysis should be undertaken. A firm should then identify its strategic positioning in the market: how it will sustain a competitive position. Furthermore, the strategic role of cost concepts will also be described in relation to product/service costing, strategic decision-making (cost driver analysis), planning/decision making and control/feedback purposes. Costs are now more complex than ever since large companies like Proctor & Gamble have a large product portfolio, and costs have become a vital element of a firm’s strategy. In order to understand these concepts fully, we will relate them to real businesses; in particular, we will analyze these concepts with relation to the McDonald’s corporation. Strategic Management Strategic management is the conduct of drafting, implementing and evaluating cross-functional decisions that will enable an organization...
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...Cost, Budgets and Strategic Decision Making in Management Accounting Answer (a) Budgets can be characterized as a quantitative explanation, for a certain time period, which may incorporate arranged incomes, cash flow, costs, resources, and liabilities. Budgeting alludes to the procedure of outlining, actualizing, and working budgets. Budgeting, as a control device, gives an activity plan to guarantee that the association's real exercises are slightest digressed from the planned exercises. Budgets are utilized to give an outline of the organization and procedures performed in it. They are helpful in asset allocation where assets are distributed in such a route, to the point that the techniques, which are relied upon to give the most astounding returns, receive top priority (Libby and Murray, 2010). Budgets are additionally forecast instruments and bring about a significant improvement readied to adjust to changes in business atmosphere. They ought to be produced in such a route, to the point that they consider the key necessities of each of the functions. Budget detailing comprises of an arrangement of exercises: a budget department is created in which a budget controller is appointed, strategies are developed for budget readiness, budget recommendations are created at the department level, the budget is developed for the whole company, financial backing period and key budget elements are decided, the budget is evaluated and approved, growth is observed, and the budget...
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...1.0 Introduction Intense competition and pressure from customers to reduce prices has forced many companies to reduce their costs to survive. Automotive manufacturers such as BMW and Mercedes have found that most of their costs are committed once the production begins, and thus, the cost must be reduced earlier in the product life cycle, particularly while the product is in the planning and design stages. Mercedes Benz is a multinational division of the German manufacturer Daimler AG, headquartered in Stuttgart. The brand is often used for building luxury automobiles, buses, coaches, and trucks, widely known as one of the most established and oldest automotive brand in the world today. 2.1 Cost Management Techniques Adopted by Mercedes Benz 2.1.1 Target Costing Target costing prices are assumed to be set by the market on a competitive basis. In a market economy, values are defined by the users. As Mercedes move closer toward a global economy, prices increasingly become uncontrollable variables, while costs, because of technological advances, increasingly become controllable variables. When selling price and profit margin are fixed by competitive pressures and management policies, respectively, reducing the firm’s production costs may be the only source of increased earnings. Mercedes Benz, one of the worlds most prestigious and tradition laden car makers, has taken its time to wake up to the daunting dimensions of the challenges it faces in the rapidly changing world...
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...Knowledge MSC: AACSB: Analytic | Management: Strategy | Dierdorff & Rubin: Strategic & Systems Skills 2. A generic business strategy is one that can be used in all industries and by all types of firms. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Page 99 OBJ: Learning Objective 1 KEY: Knowledge MSC: AACSB: Analytic | Management: Strategy | Dierdorff & Rubin: Strategic & Systems Skills 3. Wal-Mart has not adjusted its business model since the mid 1990s. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Page 99 OBJ: Learning Objective 1 KEY: Knowledge MSC: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | Management: Strategy | Dierdorff & Rubin: Strategic & Systems Skills 4. Competitive scope describes the breadth of the target market the organization wishes to serve. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Page 99-100 OBJ: Learning Objective 2 KEY: Knowledge MSC: AACSB: Analytic | Management: Strategy | Dierdorff & Rubin: Strategic & Systems Skills 5. In general, firms with a standardized product should narrowly segment their market. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Page 100 OBJ: Learning Objective 2 KEY: Comprehension MSC: AACSB: Analytic | Management: Strategy | Dierdorff & Rubin: Strategic & Systems Skills 6. Typically, the customers of organizations using the cost-leadership strategy are not highly loyal. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Page 101 OBJ: Learning Objective 4 KEY: Comprehension MSC: AACSB: Analytic | Management: Strategy | Dierdorff & Rubin: Strategic & Systems Skills 7. A firm following a cost leadership strategy would invest heavily...
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...Highlights cost advantages and distinctive capabilities--the value processes But note that there is no one template. STRATEGIC COST MANAGEMENT - BA122B - Fall 2006 4-1 Value Chain and the QCT Triangle VC allows alignment of processes with customers. This generates a quality advantage. VC focuses cost management efforts. VC provides for efficient processes which improves the timeliness of operations. STRATEGIC COST MANAGEMENT - BA122B - Fall 2006 4-2 Value Chain Benefits Identifies value processes Identifies areas for cost improvement STRATEGIC COST MANAGEMENT - BA122B - Fall 2006 4-3 from Michael E. Porter’s Competitive Advantage SUPPORT ACTIVITIES Firm Infrastructure (General Management) Human Resource Management Technology Development Procurement Inbound Logistics Ops. Outbound Logistics Sales & Marketing Service and Support Value Chain Model PRIMARY ACTIVITIES STRATEGIC COST MANAGEMENT - BA122B - Fall 2006 4-4 Value Chain Elements Customer value added Margin orientation Primary activities Support Activities Inbound logistics Operations Outbound logistics Sales and marketing Service and support Human resources (general and admin.) Tech. development Procurement STRATEGIC COST MANAGEMENT - BA122B - Fall 2006 4-5 Goal of Value Chain Driven by customer perceptions Increase margins Focus on value processess Distinctive capabilities Cost advantages...
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...INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: Strategic management for hotel industry CANDY 10182133m Lecturer: Paula Tomsett I-Shou University Contents ABSTRACT 3 INTRODUCTION 4 RELEVANT THEORY 4 Strategic management 4 Globalization 5 IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 5 The cost of land ownership 6 Costs of funding the projects 6 Official procedure approval 6 Human resource matter 6 The speed of technology development 7 Infrustructure and security matters 7 Strong competitors 7 CONCLUSION 8 REFERENCES 9 ABSTRACT Hotel industry has been chaos period in recent years. What makes a firm differing from the others are well known brand, high standard products and services, as well as an unique strategic management to build short term and long term plans and strategies. In the process of strategic management, firms encounter a number of challenges. In order to compete rivals and get an competitive advantage, it is essential to issue the problems and find out possible and relevent solutions. Key words: hotel industry, strategic management, hospitality INTRODUCTION In recent years, global economy is facing a severe recession that affects almost aspects of business life. Hotel industry is also not an exception, typically Indian hotel industry. In order to grow and expand, hotel industry has to combat a number of challenges in human resources, land acquisition, technology deployment as a strategic tool and understanding the dynamics...
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...Towards a conceptual framework for strategic cost management - The concept, objectives, and instruments - Von der Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Chemnitz genehmigte Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum politicarum (Dr. rer. pol.) vorgelegt von Ibrahim Abd El Mageed Ali El Kelety geboren am 11.01.1965 in El Menoufia - Ägypten eingereicht am: 14. Juni 2006 Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Uwe Götze Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Jürgen Bloech Prof. Dr. Peter Schuster Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 18. Juli 2006 Acknowledgement To the Almighty God “ALLAH” Who have granted me all these graces to fulfill this work and Who supported me in all my life. To Him I extend my heartfelt thanks. It is a pleasure to express my sincere and deepest heartfelt gratitude to my “Doktorvater“ Prof. Dr. Uwe Götze for his kind supervision, continuous encouragement, valuable enthusiastic discussion and unfailing advice throughout the present work, as well as financial support during my latest period of study in Germany. He assisted in all matters, provided solutions to different problems. Prof. Dr. Uwe Götze supported and helped me during my learning period in Germany and writing this thesis. I am very lucky being one of his students. I would like to express my deep thanks to Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Jürgen Bloech - Georg-August University of Göttingen - for his kind acceptance to act as an examiner. I would also like to express my sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. Peter...
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...Assignment Describe SWOT analysis as a way to guide internal environment. How does this approach reflect the basic strategic management? Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 Overall description of SWOT analysis 3 1.2 Overview of the elements of the SWOT analysis 3 2.0 SWOT analysis as a way to guide the internal environment 4 2.1 How SWOT analysis prevents weaknesses and maintains strength 4 3.0 How SWOT analysis reflects the basic strategic management 5 Conclusion 7 References 7 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overall description of SWOT analysis SWOT analysis is an analytical method which is used to identify and categories significant internal (Strengths and Weaknesses) and external (Opportunities and Threats) factors faced either in a particular arena, such as an organization, or a territory, such as a region, nation, or city. It provides information that is helpful in matching the firms' resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates and is therefore an important contribution to the strategic planning process. It should not be viewed as a static method with emphasis solely on its output, but should be used as a dynamic part of the management and business development process. Strategic planning depends on a clear understanding of your organization’s resources and Capabilities, as well as critical ingredients that are lacking. The assessment of organizational Strengths and weaknesses and opportunities and threats must...
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...Mälardalen University School of Sustainable Development Of Society And Technology EFO705-Master thesis BUDGETARY AND MANAGEMENT CONTROL PROCESS IN A MANUFACTURING: CASE OF GUINNESS NIGERIAN PLC. BY: AMALOKWU OBIAJULUM JOHN LAWRENCE NJILEFACK NGOASONG ABSTRACT Date Level Authors : : : June, 2008. Master Thesis EF0705, 10 points (15credits) Amalokwu Obiajulum John (820821) Lawrence Njilefack Ngoasong (770901) Title : Budgetary and Management control Process in a Manufacturing Organization. Roland Almqvist. What is the budgeting practice in the Nigerian Manufacturing companies? The aim of this study is to investigate the management control practice (budget being the tool for management control) in Guinness Nigeria Plc and to suggest what seems to us the most appropriate practice based on findings from literatures and empirics Supervisor: Problem Purpose : : Method : The study was described based on a qualitative approach. Furthermore, we described why we chose the company, sources of literature, techniques employed in data collection (primary data), research purpose, data analysis as well as critiques to the method use. Conclusion : The Integration of strategic Management and Budgeting enhances competitiveness which when attained is translated as high performance. Keywords : Management Control, Budgeting, strategy, High performance and Competitive advantage. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly we give thanks to God Almighty for the strength to work on...
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...MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING: AN OVERVIEW Learning Objectives Distinguish between managerial & financial accounting. Understand the evolution of management accounting. Explain about the IFAC model. Understand how managers can use accounting information to implement strategies. Explain about Relevant Lost & Relevant Regained. 2 Learning Objectives Distinguish between managerial & financial accounting. Understand the evolution of management accounting. Explain about the IFAC model. Understand how managers can use accounting information to implement strategies. Explain about Relevant Lost & Relevant Regained. 3 Accounting System (accumulates financial and managerial accounting data) Managerial Accounting Information for decision making, and control of an organization’s operations. Internal Users Financial Accounting Published financial statements and other financial reports. External Users Managerial Accounting Users of information Managers within company Regulation Financial Accounting Interested outside parties Required. Must comform to Not required because for internal GAAP which is regulated by use only FASB and SEC. Basic accounting system plus Almost exclusively from the Source of Data various other sources basic accounting system Reports often focus on subunits. Reports focus on the enterprise Nature of Reports Based on a combination of in its entirety. Based on and...
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...STRATEGY AND PLANNING This week’s Management class discussion has been on Strategic planning in organizations. This paper will explain 3 types of goals, which are important to an organization as we as explanations and elements involved in created strategy of an organization. Organizations are built with the goal of the profitability through process in mind. The organization control approach incorporates goals and strategy used to reach them. (Boundless.com Jul 2015) Using their mission statements, top managers do strategic planning to determine what the organization long-term goals should be for the next 1-5 years with the resources they expect to have available. Strategic management is a level of managerial activity bellowing setting goals and above tactics. (Boundless.com 2015). Strategic management provides overall direct to an enterprise. Strategic planning requires visionary and directional thinking. It should communicate general and profit goals and ways to achieve them. Strategic management provides overall direction to the enterprise. Objectives are determined by the results of the strategic assessment. These objectives should run parallel on a timeline, some short-term and others long-term. (Kincki & Williams 2015) Tactical Planning’s by done by middle management, they are normally given a 6-25 month time frame. The strategic priorities and policies are passed down to middle managers that determine what contribution their departments or similar work...
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...facing hard times due to the environment of the global financial crisis and it had embarked on an implementation plan to decrease internal and external flights to counter the effect of hiking oil prices and operational cost. However, in the United Arab Emirates, has been experienced growth and this has a direct concern to the threat of competition to Qantas (Vesperman, Wald & Gleich 2008, pp. 388-394). All these factors above are a contributed force to Qantas to remain competitive. This paper seeks To address the approaches that should be engaged by Qantas that are necessary to ensure ongoing competitive advantages for the future of the airline industry within this hypercompetitive environment. 2. Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Strategic management is a continuous process that involves reviewing and directing the activities of a business and the environment threats and opportunities within which it operates. Strategic management has grown from an initial emphasis on planning to become a broad management approach that helps organisation, align its direction with its objectives to attain strategic competitiveness. Strategic competitiveness refers to the A competitive advantage is achieved when a firm produces at lower operation costs compared to the other players...
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...Management Science I Prof. M.Thenmozhi MODULE 9 9.1. Strategy Formulation : An Overview The corporate world is in the process of a global transformation. Mergers, acquisitions, outsourcing and downsizing are becoming common word everywhere. Privatization is allowing free enterprise to take on functions that previously were the domain of government. International boundaries are fading in importance as businesses take on a more global perspective and the technology of information age is telescoping the time it takes to communicate and make decision. Strategic management takes a panoramic view of this changing corporate terrain and attempts to show how large and small firms can be more effective and efficient not only in today's world but tomorrow as well. Strategic management is the set of managerial decisions and action that determines the way for the long-range performance of the company. It includes environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, evaluation and control. It emphasizes the monitoring and evaluation of external opportunities and threats in light of corporation’s strength and weakness. Business policy has a general management orientation and tends primarily to look inward with its concern for properly integrating the corporations many functional activities. But strategic management as a field of study integrates the business policy with the environmental opportunities and threats. Therefore strategic management has tended to replace...
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...Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India established in year 1944 (Founder member of IFAC, SAFA and CAPA) Volume 45 No. 5 May 2010 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ IDEALS THE INSTITUTE STANDS FOR q to develop the Cost and Manage-ment Accountancy profession q to develop the body of members and properly equip them for functions q to ensure sound professional ethics q to keep abreast of new developments. The views expressed by contributors or reviewers in this Journal do not necessarily reflect the opinion of The Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India nor can the Institute by any way be held responsible for them. The contents of this journal are the copyright of The Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India, whose permission is necessary for reproduction in whole or in part. ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ the management accountant, May, 2010 Cost Management for Growth of SME in Textile Sector by R. Gopal 387 Performance Monitoring in SME Sector by I. Mohamed Ibrahim 388 Cost Management : Key to Survival in Current Global Meltdown by S. Jeyaraj 392 Cost Management : Key to Survival...
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