...Chapter 11 Global Strategy and Organization International Business Strategy, Management & the New Realities by Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger International Business: Strategy, Management, and the New Realities 1 Learning Objectives 1. The role of strategy in international business 2. The integration-responsiveness framework 3. Distinct strategies emerging from the integration-responsiveness framework 4. Organizational structure 5. Alternative organizational arrangements for international operations 6. Building the global firm 7. Putting organizational change in motion International Business: Strategy, Management, and the New Realities 2 What Is Strategy? • Strategy is a plan of action that channels an organization’s resources so that it can effectively differentiate itself from competitors and accomplish unique and viable goals. • Managers develop strategies based on the organization’s strengths and weaknesses relative to the competition and assessing opportunities. • Managers decide which customers to target, what product lines to offer, and with which firms to compete. International Business: Strategy, Management, and the New Realities 3 Strategy in an International Context • Strategy in an international context is a plan for the organization to position itself vis-a-vis its competitors, and resolve how it wants to configure its value chain activities on a global scale. • Its purpose is to help managers create an international vision, allocate resources...
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...The Warwick MBA Assignment Cover Sheet Submitted by : 1268148 Date Sent : 10th December 2014 Module Title : International Business Module Code : IB8180 Date/Year of Module : July – December 2014 Submission Deadline: 10th December 2014 Word Count : XXXXXXX (Excluding Cover, Appendices, Table of Contents, Bibliography, Figures, Tables, Diagrams and Charts) Number of Pages : Question: Using a case study of an actual company, explain the advantages and disadvantages of different international strategies and organisational structures for large multinational enterprises. In your answer you should discuss the relationship between strategies and structures and the conditions under which particular strategies and structures are more or less appropriate. You must also use models of strategies and structures as discussed during the course and presented in the textbook. One example of a case could be IBM’s transformation towards a more global model, but you can choose any similar case as long as some information on the case is publicly available. “This is to certify that the work I am submitting is my own. All external references and sources are clearly acknowledged and identified within the contents. I am aware of the University of Warwick regulation concerning plagiarism and collusion. No substantial part(s) of the work submitted here has also been submitted by me in other assessments for accredited courses of study, and I acknowledge that if this has been...
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...Organization architecture and profitability Totality of a firm’s organization, including structure, control systems, incentives, processes, culture and people. Superior organization profitability requires three conditions: An organization’s architecture must be internally consistent. Strategy and architecture must be consistent. Strategy, architecture and competitive environments must be consistent. McGraw-Hill/Irwin International Business, 5/e Organizational architecture Fig 13.1 To maximize profitability a firm must achieve consistency between the various components of its architecture McGraw-Hill/Irwin International Business, 5/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 13-3 13-4 Organizational architecture Organizational structure: Location of decisionmaking responsibilities within the structure (vertical differentiation) Formal division of the organization into subunits e.g. product divisions (horizontal differentiation) Establishment of integrating mechanisms including cross-functional teams and or pan-regional committees Organizational architecture Incentives: Devices used to reward appropriate employee behavior Closely tied to performance metrics Control systems : metrics used to measure performance of subunits and judge managerial performance McGraw-Hill/Irwin International Business, 5/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Processes: Manner...
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...The Organization of International Business Organizational structure at Procter and Gamble Procter and gamble unique organizational structure offers the global scale benefits of an international company and the local focus to be relevant for customers in roughly 180 countries where their brands are solid. The company corporate structure provides the framework that allows them to tap the benefits of a global operation keep them in touch with local communities, and their strong governance practices ensure that they carry out operations with consistently high standard and integrity. Procter and gamble have made their organization structure an important part of their capability to grow. It combines global scale benefits with a local focus to win with consumers and retail customers in each country where P & G products are sold. Procter and gamble recently grouped its global business units into four industry-based sectors as part of the company’s on-going plan to improve business performance. The businesses in each sector are focused on common consumer’s benefits, share common technologies and face common competitors. Procter and gamble structure has removed many of the traditional overlaps and inefficiencies that exist in many large companies. Four organizational structure Procter and gamble uses: Market development organizations: are charged with knowing consumers and retailers in each market where Procter and gamble competes and integrating the...
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...Manag Int Rev (2011) 51:179–192 DOI 10.1007/s11575-011-0071-6 R e s e a R c h a Rt i c l e Effective Global Strategy Implementation Structural and Process Choices Facilitating Global Integration and Coordination Attila Yaprak · Shichun Xu · Erin Cavusgil Abstract: 0 0 this article offers a contingency framework of global strategy implementation effectiveness on firm performance. The research question we seek to address is what the structural and process requirements are for MNEs to successfully implement global strategy through increased efficiency and effectiveness of integration and coordination across world markets. Our central premise is that MNEs’ capabilities in establishing supporting structural and process mechanisms will enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of implementing their global strategies which would, in turn, lead to better firm performance. Keywords: Integration and coordination · Global strategy · Firm performance · contingency framework Received: 25.12.2009 / Revised: 15.08.2010 / Accepted: 11.10.2010 / Published online: 02.04.2011 © Gabler-Verlag 2011 Prof. A. Yaprak () Department of Marketing, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA e-mail: Attila.yaprak@wayne.edu Asst. Prof. S. Xu Department of Marketing and Logistics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA Asst. Prof. E. Cavusgil Department of Marketing, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, USA 180 A. Yaprak et al. Introduction The globalization of the world economy...
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...INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTION SUPDELUXE Alain VIOT November 19th, 2015. INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTION Agenda Introduction + Quiz Different business models Structure and organization decision making Local partners selection Partnership implementation Opening a subsidiary Next class : Distribution networks + E-commerce INTRODUCTION INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IS ESSENTIAL FOR LUXURY BRANDS BUT WHAT ? Case by case according to brand specificities WHY ? Gaining new customers and making them loyal WHERE ? Development strategy : Understanding local specificities HOW ? Different Business Models : The right choice at the right time QUIZ I want to launch and develop my brand and its products in one (or several) international market(s) What is your market strategy : your decisions on your project ? QUIZ : YOUR MARKET STRATEGY Project Sizing : Market critical size Brand/Product Positioning : volume estimation ? A- Access B- High end C- Niche D- Hyperlux Locations : Market Potential ? A- Large Area B- National C- Local D- Destination Customers target profile : number of customers ? A- CSP+ B- Specific categories C- Defined Profile D- Very affluent (HNWI) Sales Development : planification ? A- Quick breakthrough B- Step by step C- According to results D- Long term Resources : budget ? A- Consequent B- Annual C- Limited D- Weak A-B-C-D numbers ? QUIZ : YOUR...
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...play a critical role in a firm's international marketing strategy. A coherent international brand architecture is a key component of the firm's overall international marketing strategy as it provides a framework to leverage strong brands into other markets, assimilate acquired brands, and rationalize the firm's international branding strategy. This paper looks at the various components of international brand architecture and the different types of architecture found among a sample of large international consumer goods companies. Based on these initial insights, some key issues that need further research are identified. Introduction Branding is a key element of a firm’s marketing strategy. Strong brands help establish the firm's identity in the market place, and develop a solid customer franchise (Aaker, 1996; Kapferer, 1997; Keller, 1998). Owning the number one or two brand in the product category provides manufacturers withas well as providing a weapon to counter growing retailer power (Barwise and Robertson, 1992). A strong brand name Theycan also provide the basis for brand extensions, which further strengthen the firm's position in the marketplace as well as potentially enhancing the brand’s value (Aaker and Keller, 1990). As firms move into international markets, branding plays an important role in its marketing strategy. In particular, a cautious branding strategy provides a means to enhance the firm’s visibility and integrate strategy across national markets (see Khermouch...
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...Objectives * Examine how international growth places demands on management and HRM * Identify factors that impact on how managers of internationalizing firms respond to these challenges * We cover the following areas: * Structural responses to international growth: The organizational context in which IHRM activities take place. Different structural arrangement have been identified as the firm moves along the path to international status – from export department through to more complex department such as the matrix, transnational, heterarchy, networked. * Control and coordination mechanisms: Control and Coordination aspects. Formal and informal mechanisms were outlined, with emphasis on control through personal networks and relationships, and control through corporate culture, drawing out HRM implications. * Mode of operation used in various international markets: The various modes-such as wholly owned, franchising, management contracts and international joint ventures- used by multinational for foreign market entry and expansion. Again, we attempted to demonstrate the IHRM implications of the various modes, although noting that most of the literature focuses on wholly owned subsidiaries and international joint ventures. * Effect of responses on HRM approaches and activities: How international growth affects the firms approach to HRM. Firms vary from one another as they go through the stages of international development, and react in different...
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...MBA/ EMBA Course Title | International Business Management | Course Code Number | | Credit hours | Two (2) | Course Objective | Main Objective | This course is designed to help students in developing better understanding about the international business system. The objective of the course can be divided into two major categories. 1) To provide in depth knowledge about international trading system and 2) To provide information about diverse and complex task performed in international business operations. This course aims in developing skills required by international business managers to perform well in international market. | Enabling Objectives | After completion of all the learning units and the requirements of the course, students will be able to: 1. Understand the economics and politics of international businesses and management. 2. Understand strategies and structures that firms adopt to compete effectively in international business environment. 3. To formulate functional aspects of international business. | Course Requirements | Students are expected to have basic understanding about the international business. They are required to know about the concept of international trade theories, international business environment (Political, economic, socio-cultural and Technological), different modes of entry into international businesses. Students are also expected to have basic idea about national polices related with international trade and investment implemented...
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...Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Internationalization Strategy of Colgate-Palmolive 3 2.1 The assesment of the internationalisation of the company 3 2.2 The assessment of geographical characteristics of internationalisation 5 2.3 The outline of the main foreign market entry modes employed by the company 5 2.4 The overview of the enterprise structures and controls used by the company 6 3. Evaluation of academic strategy frameworks for Colgate-Palmolive 8 3.1 Overview of the Bartlett and Ghoshal’s generic strategies framework 8 3.2 Evaluation of the Bartlett and Ghoshal's framework on the company's example 9 4. Conclusion 11 5. List of Figures 12 6. Bibliography 13 1. Introduction What a “Colgate Smile” is a phrase commonly used as a compliment about one’s smile. It has been popularized throughout the whole world, due to Colgate’s good reputation as a successful business. Colgate, today being one of America’s most successful Fortune 500 companies, has a long history of evolution and complex adoption of various business strategies, which led to its current solid powerful position. As representatives of the Colgate-Palmolive Company, we are pleased to tell you more about the success story of our company through this report. In the first part, we will show how CP slowly internationalized and expanded globally by adapting various strategies to become one of the most powerful MNC’s, to then in the second part, give you details...
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...| 8 | 5 | International Trade Theory | 9 | 6 | Foreign Direct Investment | 10 | 7 | Strategy of International Business | 14 | 8 | The organization of International Business | 16 | 9 | Entry Strategy and Strategic Alliance | 18 | 10 | Exporting, Importing and Counter Trade | 19 | 11 | Global Production and Logistics | 22 | 12 | Global Human Resource Management | 25 | 13 | Recommendation | 26 | 14 | Conclusion | 27 | 15 | Reference List | | Introduction PRAN-RFL GROUP is a private owned organization of Bangladesh running multiple businesses both in the national and international market. The purpose of this term paper is to analysis the international business aspect of PRAN-RFL GROUP. For preparing this report we went to PRAN-RFL GROUP for visit. There we interviewed assistant manager of export, MR. Zamaluddin Ahmed and we found out everything about their international business and also the major procedure of their business. In this report we tried to visualize the international business aspects of that organization and it is fragmented into different segments. Firstly, we gave a total overview of PRAN-RFL GROUP then we tried to show the overall environment both national and international. Then the trade theories which are related to them, FDI in their business. PRAN-RFL GROUP’s international business structure, entry mode, also their logistic and human resource management. Objective This report is a part of academic curriculum of International business course of Brac...
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...organisation has an individual structure that provides coordination and control of the organisation’s activities. Organisational structures are complex and specific to the variables of the organisation such as strategy, industry, geographical location, government legislation, access to technology and funds for growth as well as many other variables of the organisation. They also need to be flexible and innovative to remain profitable in a competitive and globalised market, involving continual monitoring and change to the structure of the organisation. As an organisation’s components vary from one to another there can be no ideal or perfect organisational structure. An ideal or perfect organisational structure is theoretical and designed based upon the goals and demands of the business at the time (Kroon, 1995). Goals of a business are derived from the organisation’s strategies which can be highly differentiated between different types of organisations from stock-exchange listed corporations to non-profit organisations. Microsoft is a listed corporation in a highly innovative field which today is managed as eight independent divisions, all with different strategies. In separating Microsoft to eight different divisions this allows for specialisation while also providing eight different structures with eight different sets of policies, procedures and management structures (Legerer et al, 2009). This shows that even within the one organisation a set structure is not suitable for all aspects...
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...Module 1 - Identifying Global Business Opportunities Module 2 - Analyzing International Competitors Module 3 - Assessing the Economic/Geographic Environment Module 4 - Assessing the Social- Cultural Environment Module 5 - Assessing the Political Legal Environment Module 6 - Selecting a Global Company Structure Module 7 - Financing Sources for Global Business Operations Module 8 - Creating a Global MIS (Management Information System) Module 9 - Identifying Human Resources for Global Business Activities Module 10 - Managing International Financial and Business Risks Module 11 - Product Target Market Planning for Foreign Markets Module 12 - Designing a Global Distribution Strategy Module 13 - Planning a Global Promotion Strategy Module 14 - Selecting an International Pricing Strategy Module 5 - Determining Organizational Financial Results Module 16 - Measuring International Business Success ...
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...International Business Group Project 5 IP American Intercontinental University September 13, 2011 ABSTRACT In a global business that requires many different individuals around the world to start and finish a project no matter how big or small it’s important that every line of communication is open, communicated correctly, planning and all the follow-through from every level of management to every employee around the world that Pride International now known by Ensco employ and rely on a team effort to get their jobs done with success. INTRODUCTION Pride International also known as Ensco is the world largest drilling deep ocean oil rigging in the world. We will take a look at what they do, how the work and the meaning behind their beliefs to benefit the employees and the environment in which they work and try to maintain a healthy balance. PRIDE INTERNATIONAL OTHERWISE KNOWN AS ENSCO Pride International started doing business in 1966 in Alice, Texas and at that time only had six workover rigs operating. Later on in 1988 Debalk a subside of Pride International merged its offshore and went globally and stocking in the NASDAQ and with seventeen servicing well and acquired twelve more rigs and out branching to other parts of Texas and California and even started horizontally re-drill wells. In 1991 Pride International spread out again acquiring a total four hundred nine servicing wells, acquired twelve more rigs throughout Texas and bought out nine oil companies...
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...International Business Strategy II 1. Liu Shu 6509037 Introduction Google and Apple are giants in technology industry. These two companies provide innovate products or service and have unique organizational structure and culture. Under the increasing pressure of cost reduction and local responsiveness caused by globalization development, both Google and Apple are transforming into transnational organizations. This report will critically evaluate the comparative transnational effectiveness of Google and Apple in terms of motivation means and mentalities, layers of competitiveness, across boundaries management and corporation social responsiveness (CSR). 2. Motivations Means and Mentalities Initial incentives of Apple and Google expansion were different because of their distinct business focuses. Apple generates its profits by selling cutting-edge electronic devices, whereas Google even though has its own products such as some newly invented wearable devices, its benefit basically comes from their advertising. Therefore, Google do not have to secure key supply, and access to low-cost market. Nevertheless, seeking boarder market seems to be very important for both of these to enterprises. Moreover, the emerging motivations for Google and Apple are quite similar. After they began to expand, the forces which triggered the expansion in the first place, may turn into secondary when they make emerging global...
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