...students to partake in programs that advance civic learning and democratic engagement, global learning, and engagement with diversity to prepare students for socially responsible action in today's interdependent but unequal world (AACU). Diversity courses, programs, or interactions in higher education are positively effective in improving students’ understanding and respect of our multicultural society, and are an essential component to educational institutions. Diversity education fosters a broad range of enlightenment and competency, including those of learning and democracy. Learning outcomes include active thinking skills, and intellectual engagement and motivation, while democracy outcomes were not limited to perspective taking, citizenship engagement, racial and cultural understanding, and judgment of the compatibility among different groups (Gurin, P., & Lopez, G.). It is said that personal and social identity develop best in situations during late adolescence and early adulthood, when one is able to experiment with different social roles before making commitments to groups, ideas, and a philosophy of life (Gurin, P., & Lopez, G.). These situations should involve “confrontation with diversity, encouraging people to think and make decisions informed by new and more complex perspectives and relationships” (Gurin, P., & Lopez, G.). Institutions with diversity educational programs provide such environments for students as they toil through this identity development...
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...Environmental Factors Paper University of Phoenix Christy Holley Environmental Factors for PepsiCo PepsiCo, one of the leading beverage and snack companies in the United States and abroad, is affected by both global and domestic environmental factors. These factors, along with changes in technology, all impact and shape the organization and affect marketing decisions. The article “PepsiCo Pops for China,” written by Ruthie Ackerman and published by Forbes.com, reviews Pepsi’s decision to invest billions into the Chinese market audience. This paper will review the article, identify environmental factors that shape the organization and impact marketing decisions, and discuss how technology plays a role in those decisions. Alternatives to Ackerman’s view of social responsibility to the company’s marketing decisions and activities will be analyzed, along with explanations of how ethical issues can make an impact. The accuracy of the article’s forecasts will be reviewed and further supportive references to conclusions made will be gathered, if necessary. Global and Domestic Factors Several macro-environmental factors shape the PepsiCo Corporation and impact marketing decisions. Demographics, economic climate, ecological and political issues, technology, and cultural concerns all affect where the company is headed desires and the decisions the company makes. Each issue affects the company differently, but when combined together, the environmental factors can wreak havoc...
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...original aims of the European Community This paper considers the original aims of the European Economic Community on its formation under the Treaty of Rome 1957 as a background to the transformation of the EEC into the European Community. A discussion of the subsequent development of the EC thereafter forms the main body of this work and the staged development of the EC through subsequent amending treaties provides the focus of the analysis offered. A brief historical survey of the European Economic Community The European Community of 2008 sees its origins in the six member European Economic Community formed by the ratification of the Treaty of Rome in 1957. The signatory member states were France, Germany, Italy and the Benelux states. It is submitted at the outset that the EEC was founded largely on fear. It is hard to appreciate from the perspective of 2008, exactly what motivated the founding fathers of the Treaty of Rome to pursue integration because the world has moved on, but in the 1950s the base motivation was manifest and pressing. The continent of Europe had endured two catastrophic World Wars in the space of one generation. War had ravaged each and every country of Europe, and in particular the founding member states. The architects of the Treaty of Rome, including Italian Prime Minister Antonio Segni, French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman and French civil servant Jean Monnet, while undoubtedly harbouring in the back of their minds lofty notions of improving...
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...Journal of Management http://jom.sagepub.com/ What We Know and Don't Know About Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review and Research Agenda Herman Aguinis and Ante Glavas Journal of Management 2012 38: 932 originally published online 1 March 2012 DOI: 10.1177/0149206311436079 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jom.sagepub.com/content/38/4/932 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: Southern Management Association Additional services and information for Journal of Management can be found at: Email Alerts: http://jom.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://jom.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav >> Version of Record - May 29, 2012 OnlineFirst Version of Record - Mar 1, 2012 What is This? Downloaded from jom.sagepub.com at Sunway Education Group on April 23, 2014 Journal of Management Vol. 38 No. 4, July 2012 932-968 DOI: 10.1177/0149206311436079 © The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permission: http://www. sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav What We Know and Don’t Know About Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review and Research Agenda Herman Aguinis Indiana University Ante Glavas University of Notre Dame The authors review the corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature based on 588 journal articles and 102 books and book chapters. They offer a multilevel and multidisciplinary theoretical framework...
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...AUTHENTIC VERSUS TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP: ASSESSING THEIR EFFECTIVENESS ON ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR OF FOLLOWERS Thomas H. Tonkin Regent University ABSTRACT With the corporate scandals of the 2000s, many employees in organizations are clamoring for authenticity in their leaders. Though authenticity appears to be a noble trait, how effective is this as a leadership approach, specifically in increasing altruistic employee organizational citizenship behaviors? Is authentic leadership more effective than other leadership approaches, such as transformational leadership? This study examined the extent to which authentic leadership is a stronger predictor of employee organizational citizenship behavior (OCBs) compared to transformational leadership. The analysis also investigated the extent to which overall job satisfaction mediated the relationship between authentic leadership and OCBs. The findings suggest that in fact three out of the fours sub scales in authentic leadership had a positive effect on both overall job satisfaction and the OCB of altruism. This study implies suggestions for practical interventions based on the associated theories found in this paper. Keywords: Authentic leadership, transformational leadership, job satisfaction OCBs INTRODUCTION Though there are many theories on leadership, one view is agreed by most scholars, leadership is a real phenomenon that is critical for the effectiveness of organizations (Bennis, 2003; Yukl...
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...corporations in society and a responsible use of this power in the political arena; (3) integrative theories, in which the corporation is focused on the satisfaction of social demands; and (4) ethical theories, based on ethical responsibilities of corporations to society. In practice, each CSR theory presents four dimensions related to Elisabet Garriga is a PhD student in Management at IESE Business School, University of Navarra, Spain. She holds a degree in Philosophy and another in Economics from the University of Barcelona, Spain. She has taught Business Ethics at the University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, for the International Education of Students (IES), a consortium comprised of more than 120 leading US colleges and universities. Her current research focuses on the concept and implementation of Corporate Social Responsibilities. She also has interest in organizational learning, entrepreneurship and innovation. ` ´ Domenec Mele is Professor and Director of the Department of Business Ethics at IESE Business School, University of Navarra, Spain and chairs the bi-annual ‘‘International Symposium on Ethics, Business and Society’’ held by IESE. He has a Doctorate in Industrial Engineering from the...
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... CHIP HEATH* AND SIM B. SITKLN Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, U.S.A. Summary This paper is an empirically grounded essay about the current stare of organizational behavior (GB) research and productive future directions. We report the results of a survey of GB scholars about the current importance of various research topics and their importance in an ideal world. We compare the survey responses with an archival analysis of papers published in leading GB journals over a 10-year period. We suggest that many of the topics that our respondents perceive to be ‘under researched’ can be summarized with one particular definition of GB that emphasizes organizing behavior. Considering all three definitions together, we highlight the limitations of the traditional (Big-B and Contextualized-B) definitions and discuss the benefits of a more organizational (Big-O) approach. Copyright ~ 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Introduction The purpose of this empirical essay is to be provocative. This paper is empirical in that it surveys leading organizational hehavior (GB) scholars to identify which topics they believed are currently important in the field and which should be important in an ‘ideal’ world and we compared their responses to an archival analysis of papers published in leading GB journals over a 10 year period. However, the paper is an essay because it is less like a traditional theory-building or theory-testing study, and more like an empirically...
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..."Einstein" redirects here. For other uses, see Albert Einstein (disambiguation) and Einstein (disambiguation). Albert Einstein | Albert Einstein in 1921 | Born | 14 March 1879 Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg,German Empire | Died | 18 April 1955 (aged 76) Princeton, New Jersey, United States | Residence | Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, United States | Citizenship | * Kingdom of Württemberg (1879–1896) * Stateless (1896–1901) * Switzerland (1901–1955) * Austria–Hungary (1911–1912) * German Empire (1914–1918) * Weimar Republic (1919–1933) * United States (1940–1955) | Fields | Physics | Institutions | * Swiss Patent Office (Bern) * University of Zurich * Charles University in Prague * ETH Zurich * Caltech * Prussian Academy of Sciences * Kaiser Wilhelm Institute * University of Leiden * Institute for Advanced Study | Alma mater | * ETH Zurich * University of Zurich | Thesis | Folgerungen aus den Capillaritatserscheinungen (1901) | Doctoral advisor | Alfred Kleiner | Other academic advisors | Heinrich Friedrich Weber | Notable students | * Abdul Jabbar Abdullah * Ernst G. Straus * Nathan Rosen * Leó Szilárd * Raziuddin Siddiqui[1] | Known for | * General relativity and special relativity * Photoelectric effect * Mass-energy equivalence * Theory of Brownian Motion * Einstein field equations * Bose–Einstein statistics * Bose–Einstein condensate * Bose–Einstein correlations...
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...Blog as a Form of Popular Communication In 2005 spring, a 16 years old boy from southern U.S. decided to tell his parents he was a gay and he did not take it well. Thus, his parents decided to send him to a Christian “straight camp” to get him back on the right path. He poured his emotions into a blog on his MySpace.com website which was accessible to the whole Internet. In his posting, he raised the idea of suicide and harming his parents and he wrote his emotional anguish about the camp, including a strict list of rules he would be living upon in next several weeks before leaving for the camp. Within one day, his postings began spreading among blogosphere, provoking a political demonstrating, a state investigation and international new coverage eventually (Tremayne, 2007). The impact of the experience on him remains unclear, but the whole event suggests that the power and dominance of blog in transmission of information and message are evidence comparing with the pre-blog era, in which his story unlikely spreads out further than the circle of his family and friends. According to Gunn and Brummett (2004), among communication studies scholars, “popular communication concerns the study of objects that are widely circulated by means of mass media” (p. 708). In early time, the most popular objects of analysis were radio, television, advertisements and films. However, along with the Internet matures and becomes essential in people’s daily life, new types of popular communication...
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...ADULT LITERACY EDUCATION IN NIGERIA AND THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. The need for adult literacy education in Nigeria cannot be over-emphasized. In the context of global economy and competitive markets, adult literacy is a key factor contributing to economic development. In all countries of the world, adults constitute a larger proportion of the work force. Therefore, human resource development through adult literacy education has become a key component within the overall strategy for economic restructuring both in the developed and developing countries. The future of global economy and democratic polity in the twenty-first century is likely to depend on skilled, educated, and enlightened adult citizens. It was the World Conference on Education for All, held in Jomtien, (Thailand) in 1990 that highlighted the critical importance of addressing the learning needs of adults. In the context of globalization, basic learning skills and competencies are necessary not only for children, but also for adults, who are valuable human resources of every society. The new technological developments in information and Communication technologies (ICTs), such as satellite radio and television broadcasting, long distance telephony, computers and telecommunications have dramatically expanded our options for engaging in learning and teaching at the individual, community and societal levels. The hallmark of ICTs is their distributive power and...
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...the contributions made by major behavioral science disciplines to OB 6. Describe why managers require a knowledge of OB 7. Explain the need for a contingency approach to the study of OB 8. Identify the three levels of analysis in this book’s OB model CHAPTER OVERVIEW Managers need to develop their interpersonal or people skills if they are going to be effective in their jobs. Organizational behavior (OB) is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within an organization, then applies that knowledge to make organizations work more effectively. Specifically, OB focuses on how to improve productivity, reduce absenteeism and turnover, and increase employee citizenship and job satisfaction. We all hold generalizations about the behavior of people. Some of our generalizations may provide valid insights into human behavior, but many are erroneous. Organizational behavior uses systematic study to improve predictions of behavior that would be made from intuition alone. Yet, because people are different, we need to look at OB in a contingency framework, using situational variables to moderate cause-effect relationships. Organizational behavior offers both challenges and opportunities for managers. It recognizes differences and helps managers to see the value of workforce diversity and practices that may need to be...
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...Subscriptions: http://jom.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav >> Version of Record - Jan 23, 2013 OnlineFirst Version of Record - Apr 8, 2010 What is This? Downloaded from jom.sagepub.com at HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIV on January 21, 2014 Journal of Management Vol. 39 No. 2, February 2013 366-391 DOI: 10.1177/0149206310365901 © 2010 Southern Management Association. Reprints and permission: http://www. sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav The Impact of High-Performance Human Resource Practices on Employees’ Attitudes and Behaviors Rebecca R. Kehoe Patrick M. Wright Cornell University Although strategic human resource (HR) management research has established a significant relationship between high-performance HR practices and firm-level financial and market outcomes, few studies have considered the important role of employees’ perceptions of HR practice use or examined the more proximal outcomes of high-performance HR practices that may play mediating roles in the HR practice–performance relationship. To address recent calls in the literature for an investigation of this nature, this study examined the relationships between employees’ perceptions of...
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...Fax: 0845 60 333 60 Textphone: 0845 555 60 Please quote ref: 00045-2007DOM-EN ISBN: 978-1-84478-883-5 PPSLS/D35/0107/14 © Crown Copyright 2007 Produced by the Department for Education and Skills Extracts from this publication may be reproduced for non commercial education or training purposes on the condition that the source is acknowledged. For any other use please contact HMSOlicensing@cabinet-office.x.gsi.gov.uk DIVERSITY & CITIZENSHIP You can download this publication or order copies online at: www.teachernet.gov.uk/publications Diversity and Citizenship Curriculum Review Review Group members Sir Keith Ajegbo retired in July 2006 as Headteacher of Deptford Green School, a multiethnic school with a strong reputation for Citizenship education. He is currently working as a coach on the Future Leaders Project, as a School Improvement Partner, and as an education consultant for UBS. He is also a Governor of Goldsmiths College and a trustee of the Stephen Lawrence Trust. Dr Dina Kiwan is a Lecturer in Citizenship Education at Birkbeck College, University of London. Previously she was seconded to the Home Office as the Head of Secretariat to the Advisory Board for Naturalisation and Integration (ABNI), carrying forward the implementation of the recommendations of the former ‘Life in the UK’ Advisory Group chaired by Sir Bernard Crick. Seema Sharma, is an Assistant Headteacher at Deptford Green School in South East London. She has been a teacher...
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...REPUBLIC OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECONDARY EDUCATION MODERNIZATION PROGRAMME DRAFT SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM Form Three Mathematics Curriculum Development Division October 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS About this Draft i Foreword – A Note to Teachers iii Acknowledgements v PART ONE Introduction 1- 1 The Curriculum Underpinnings 1- 2 Philosophy of Education 1- 3 The Goals of Education 1- 5 The Essential Learning Outcomes 1- 6 The Curriculum Design and Development Process 1-11 PART TWO - CURRICULUM CONTENT Vision Statement 2- 2 Rationale for the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics 2- 3 Goals of the Mathematics Curriculum 2- 4 General Intended Outcomes For Forms I, II, and III. 2- 5 Connections to Other Core Curriculum Areas 2- 6 Framework for Mathematics for Forms I, II and III 2- 9 A General Curriculum Framework 2-11 Course Outline for Form III 2-12 PART THREE - STRATEGIES/METHODOLOGIES Teaching and Learning Strategies 3- 2 Suggested Activities 3- 6 Suggested Resources 3-15 PART FOUR - EVALUATION Elaboration of Assessment and Evaluation 4- 2 Evaluation Tools and Strategies 4- 5 Cross-referencing to Teachers’ Guide 4- 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 4- 9 ___________________________________ i ABOUT THIS DRAFT Under the umbrella of the Secondary Education Modernization Programme (SEMP), since the latter...
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...Under siege - 1 Under Siege: The Kraft Foods 2009 Labor Conflict in Argentina Roberto Luchi Austral University - IAE RLuchi@iae.edu.ar A. Ariel Llorente Austral University - IAE aal05@cema.edu.ar Paper Presented at the 25th Annual International Association of Conflict Management Conference Spier, South Africa July 12 14, 2012 Abstract: This paper examines a particular labor-management negotiation process, a Mandatory Conciliation (MC), as it is named in the Argentinean labor legal system, that took place from July through mid October, 2009, between the managers of the Multinational Corporation (MNC) Kraft Foods (KFT) subsidiary in Argentina -Kraft Foods Argentina (KFTA)- and the Workers Internal Commission (WIC) of the firm s most important industrial plant in the country. The Argentinean Ministry of Labor (MLAB) convened the MC negotiation to settle an organizational conflict, regarding of opposing views about what preventive measures were adequate to cope the risks posed over the workers health by the 2009 global epidemic outbreak of swine influenza A(H1N1), that escalated out of the parties control. The contribution of our case study, on such specific type of labormanagement negotiation, is that it allows to gain a better understanding on how negotiators, confront the complexity of contextual circumstances and manage the process and, in addition, that it explores through the theoretical lens of the Turning Points (TP) framework -precipitants...
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