...Sumo A sumo match (tori-kumi) between yokozuna Asashōryū (left) and komusubi Kotoshōgiku in January 2008. Sumo (相撲 sumō?) is a competitive full-contact wrestling sport where a wrestler (rikishi) attempts to force another wrestler out of a circular ring (dohyō) or to touch the ground with anything other than the soles of the feet. The sport originated in Japan, the only country where it is practiced professionally. It is generally considered to be a gendai budō (a modern Japanese martial art), though this definition is incorrect as the sport has a history spanning many centuries. Many ancient traditions have been preserved in sumo, and even today the sport includes many ritual elements, such as the use of salt purification, from the days when sumo was used in the Shinto religion. Life as a rikishi is highly regimented, with rules laid down by the Sumo Association. Most sumo wrestlers are required to live in communal "sumo training stables" known in Japanese as heya where all aspects of their daily lives—from meals to their manner of dress—are dictated by strict tradition. In addition to its use as a trial of strength in combat, sumo has also been associated with Shinto ritual, and even certain shrines carry out forms of ritual dance where a human is said to wrestle with a kami (a Shinto divine spirit). It was an important ritual at the imperial court. Representatives of each province were ordered to attend the contest at the court and fight. They were required to pay for...
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...Freakonomics The book, Freakonomics by Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner, addresses a variety of questions that one may not typically ask. From finding connections between school teachers and sumo wrestlers to addressing the issue of crime through legalizing abortion, this book provides an interesting perspective on issues and real life situations, one that most people are not unable to make out at first sight. Firstly, Levitt attempts to analyze the issue of crime which has become relatively commonplace in the early 1990's. A generation of young teenage criminals have arisen and roamed the streets, threatening to create all kinds of pandemonium. This increase of crime rates led many criminologists, political scientists, and forecasters to believe that there will continue to be a spike in murders by teenagers in the upcoming years. Surprisingly, the opposite held true and crime deteriorated at a fast rate. Here, Levitt unravels the misconception that the roaring 1990s economy, proliferation of gun control laws, and innovative policing strategies did not contribute to the plummet of crime rates. Rather, we need to shift our attention to the legalization of abortion laws which, according to Levitt, what was actually led to the decrease of crime rates. Levitt draws the connection between crime rates and legalizing abortion by introducing a young Dallas woman named Norma McCorvey, who had already given up her two children for adoption but found herself pregnant once again....
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...demand increases as the price increases. Freakonomics provided me with concrete illustrations of how unconventional methods of data collection and analysis are often necessary to make sense of the world. Knowing what to measure (and how to measure) data makes a complicated world ... somewhere less complicated. As I read the dumbstrucking Freakonomics, I found this quote, “If you learn how to look at data in the right way, you can explain riddles that otherwise might have seemed impossible. Because there is nothing like the sheer power of numbers to scrub away layers of confusion and contradiction." Introduction, pg. 13. This quote follows exactly what I said previously perfectly. Chapter 1: HAT DO ALL SCHOOLTEACHERS AND SUMO W WRESTLERS HAVE IN COMMON? The authors begin by defining economics as nothing more than the study of incentives and how they are pursued. They...
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...Freakonomics by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner focuses on our economy and the study of incentives. The two authors discuss comparisons that seem so foreign such as “What do school teachers and sumo wrestlers have in common?” and “How is the Ku Klux Klan like a group of real-estate agents?” Questions like these stir up the novel and essentially unravel the untold stories of life and consumption. Core economic principals are discovered within each story of the book. The title Freakonomics in itself has a humorous connotation with the combination of two words: freak and economics. Freak, by definition, means abnormality or oddity and most people might familiarize economics solely with finance or commerce. However, Levitt and Dubner break this common misconception and reveal how...
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...They Say/I Say Journal 1 Subject: Freakonomics Chapter 1 “School Teachers and Sumo Wrestlers” They Say: In this chapter the author, Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, define the economic as root to pursue of incentives. The author define an incentive as “a means of urging people to do more of a good thing of a bad thing”. Sometimes these incentives are so irresistible that people are driven to obtain them through a bad behavior. In addition the authors describe some circumstances of cheating. There is an analysis of data to detect some cheating patterns. The most prominent cases are included the Chicago public schools teacher who changed answers on their students’ test, and Japanese sumo wrestlers who conspired to discard certain high stakes matches. Basically the main point of this chapter analyzed different scenarios to explain that humans always are looking for incentives. These incentive are categorized as economic, social, and moral. All of this, are explained in a different scenarios starting with the situation of the day care and finalized with the business man who run a bagel business. The author focused at the end explaining that humans are honest even when no one is watching them. I say: I am completely agreed with the ideas described by the author in this chapter related how human behavior depends of the incentives. To better understanding of these behavior the author states that: “economists love incentives....The typical economist believes the world...
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...their own ends and the internet helps to erode this advantage by making knowledge more freely available to people; lastly, data is invaluable to understanding the world. Chapter 1: What Do Schoolteachers and Sumo Wrestlers Have in Common? People all learn to respond to incentives, whether positive or negative from the outset of life. An incentive is simply a means of urging people to do more of a good thing and less of a bad thing. There are three basic flavors of incentive: economic, social and moral. Economic incentive is something material or tangible; moral is based of self-judgments; social is terribly powerful as it depicts what other people think of you resulting from your own actions or choices. Any incentive is inherently a trade-off; whatever the incentive, whatever the situation, dishonest people will try to gain an advantage by whatever means necessary. Cheating is a natural act getting more for less. The government required the High-Stakes Testing as part of the No Child Left Behind policy. A teacher whose students test poorly can be censured or passed over for a raise or promotion. To catch a cheater it helps to think like one. The Chicago public school system fired dozens of teachers for cheating. It is true that sports and cheating go hand in hand. Sumo, the national sport of Japan, is said to be less about competition than about honor itself....
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...The chapters that I chose to summarize and discuss were the beginning chapters of Freakonomics and Superfreakonomics. The first chapter of Freakonomics is called “What Do Schoolteachers and Sumo Wrestlers Have in Common?” In this chapter, Levitt and Dubner point out that incentives, defined as “a means of urging people to do more of a good thing and less of a bad thing” (2005, p. 21), play a foundational role in economics. The study of incentives is further defined as “how people get what they want, or need, especially when other people want or need the same thing” (p. 20). Levitt and Dubner introduce the reader to three different types of incentives: economic, moral, and social. Economic incentives are those that include the receiving, or paying of, something (oftentimes money or a reward) to behave a certain way or do a certain action. Moral incentives are those that correlate with what one believes is right and what is wrong – the authors point out that people oftentimes do not want to do something that they feel is wrong. Lastly, social incentives are defined as being very powerful because they are driven by the fact that people care about how others...
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...The knife did not waver. It was one of those big Bowie knives with a blade as big as a Subway Footlong. The man that held the knife demanded that I obey his commands to hand over my wallet. It was at this moment that I was grateful for my homie Wild Bob. Wild Bob taught me how to wrestle bears. He is also a sumo instructor and he saved me from a man who was angry at us. The incident with the angry man is an exciting story. So it was nighttime in Dodge City and there this little guy, maybe 4 feet tall. He was a small guy with a big attitude. We walked in the post office. Bob is planning on getting his mail. While Bob is elbow deep into his mailbox, this little guy who was named Larry, starts walking over to me and talking tough. He pulls...
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...John Doe 18 Pineapple Lane Cambridge, MA 02246 Jd123@yahoo.com 555-555-5555 [pic] Education School of Hard Knocks Studied: Nothing much actually. Recess and lunch were usually my favorite subjects! Employment History 2012 - Present Jack in the Box Not So Fine Dining Contrary to popular belief, this place is not where they make Jack in the Box toys. Now I know why they asked me if I knew how to cook a hamburger in the interview! 2012 - 2013 Sumo Wrestler I pursued my dream of Sumo Wrestling, only to find out that the minimum weight limit was 300 pounds. Sadly, my Sumo career did not last but I have high hopes for returning to my passion in the near future. 2009 - 2011 Local Taste Tester Every day I went to my local Whole Foods and did quality control on all samples. Eventually it was found that I was in fact not on the payroll, so I was escorted from the building. I even worked weekends! Fortunately, the restraining order will be lifted soon and I will be able to return from my hiatus. 2004 - 2009 Babysitter I was forced to babysit my little brother for years while my parents worked. He used to cry constantly, but I guess I would too if my older brother sat on me. • Interests: Bagels, Ballpoint pens, Ponies, Hammocks, Dolphins and Disney Princesses. • Computer Skills: I love Paint! I am usually available on AIM, if not, I always leave an away message. • Personality Traits: Boring, creepy, enthusiastic, sleepy, and...
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...KAUNO TECHNOLOGIJOS UNIVERSITETAS EKONOMIKOS IR VADYBOS FAKULTETAS APSKAITOS KATEDRA AB „UTENOS TRIKOTAŽAS“ VEIKLOS EKONOMINĖ ANALIZĖ Savarankiškas namų darbas KAUNAS, 2009 Turinys Įvadas 3 1. Trumpa bendrovės charakteristika 5 2. Išorinės ir vidinės aplinkos veiksnių analizė 8 3. Finansinių ataskaitų horizontalioji ir vertikalioji analizės 13 3.1. Balanso horizontali analizė 13 3.2. Balanso vertikali analizė 16 3.3. Pelno (nuostolių) ataskaitos horizontali analizė 20 3.4. Pelno (nuostolių) vertikali ataskaitų analizė 21 4. Santykinių finansinių rodiklių analizė 23 4.1. Pelningumo analizė 23 4.2. Mokumo analizė 25 4.3. Ekonominio efektyvumo analizė 26 4.4. Kapitalo rinkos rodiklių analizė 28 5. Prognozuojamo balanso ir pelno nuostolio ataskaitos sudarymas ir analizė 32 Išvados 37 Literatūra 39 Priedai 41 Įvadas Įmonės, siekdamos išsilaikyti konkurencingoje rinkoje ir užtikrinti savo veiklos tęstinumą, turi nuolat analizuoti savo veiklos rezultatus, taikyti kuo tobulesnes ekonominės analizės metodikas. Teisingas esamos būklės įvertinimas padeda gerokai objektyviau numatyti veiklos plėtros būdus ir galimybes – tai yra viena iš būtinų kiekvienos įmonės išlikimo ir plėtros sąlygų. Įmonių veiklos ir ekonominės analizės būtinumą ir jos reikšmę lemia laisvos rinkos ekonomikos plėtra, nuolat auganti konkurencija, naujų ūkininkavimo formų ir valdymo metodų taikymas ir kiti veiksniai. Įmonių ekonominė analizė yra vienas...
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...Índex 1-TITULO 2 2- DADOS DA PROPONENTE 2 3-LISTA DE BENS PESSOAIS NO NEGOCIO: 2 4-DESCRIÇÃO DO PROJETO 2 5-CLIENTES 3 Localização 4 6-COMPETIDORES 4 7- PROJEÇÃO DE VENDAS 5 8- CAPACIDADE DE PRODUÇÃO 6 9- Capital Fixo 7 10 - TOTAL DE CUSTO CIRCULANTE 8 10.1 MERCADO FORNECEDOR (MATÉRIA PRIMA) 8 10.2 MÃO-DE-OBRA 9 Fluxograma 10 Layout 11 10.3 DESPESAS GERAIS 11 TOTAL DE CUSTO CIRCULANTE 11 11- CUSTO DO PROJETO 12 11.1 TOTAL DE CAPITAL FIXO 12 11.2 TOTAL DE CUSTO CIRCULANTE 12 11.3 SUBTOTAL 12 11.4 IMPREVISTOS 12 11.5 CUSTO DO PROJETO 12 12. FONTE DE FINANCIAMENTO 12 13. RENTABILIDADE 13 1-TITULO Plano de Negocio do Lanchonete Canto da Eva 2- DADOS DA PROPONENTE Nome: Eva Silvestre Ali Nacionalidade: Moçambicana Data de nascimento: 10/01/1999 Morada: Marlhangalene Ocupação: Estudante Escola: Escola Secundaria da Polana Classe: 12a Turma A2.5 Sala 6 3-LISTA DE BENS PESSOAIS NO NEGOCIO: Custos Total no 1o Ano (.00 MTN) Espaço ---------- Utensílios 100,000 Dinheiro 100,000 Total 200,000 4-DESCRIÇÃO DO PROJETO A Ideia de lanchonete do canto Eva foi motivada pela constatação da falta de ambientes mais tranquilo e barato nos subúrbios da cidade Maputo, Contudo a proposta da cafeteria Canto da Eva é propiciar um ambiente tranquilo, onde os clientes poderão despois de uma comida estrangeira mesmo uma conversa informal, diversões, lazer e trocas de ideias produtivas a um preço muito acessível e o mais importante...
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...It’s not everyday that one gets to hear about arm wrestling, sumo wrestling, and stances on immigration reforms in one neat presentation. Spare Parts Author, Joshua Davis, came to St. Luke’s today to share some of this philosophies and life experiences with the students. Although arm and sumo wrestling may not seem like beneficial experiences for students to hear about, Davis highlights the importance of stepping out of one's comfort zone to reach a higher understanding of the world around us. “By suddenly putting myself out there, I become a nationally ranked arm wrestler.” Joshua said, which shows how beneficial it is for one to give new things a try. Joshua Davis is a contributing writing to Wired Magazine, and also is co-founder of Epic Magazine. Epic...
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...have an unbiased opinion. Therefore, we need to look to those affiliated with the company of interest. Research shows that 93% of companies in the Russell 3000 index approved of their CEO's pay. (Feloni 2014) Also, we should consider that only 20% of CEO compensation is base pay, the rest is based on the performance of the company. Therefore, the majority of their compensation is contingent on working hard to see their company succeed. A paper by Kaplan and Joshua Rauh of Stanford found that the highest paid CEO’s also generated higher stock returns. “The highest-paid CEOs in terms of realized pay—the top 20% out of 1,700 firms—generated three-year stock returns that were 60% higher than those of other firms in their industries.” (Sumo and Weitzman 2013) It should also be noted that the increase of current CEO’s compensation packages are reflecting US stock highs. Finally, CEO’s are appointed. They have to climb the corporate ladder and have adequate qualifications. Therefore, it is not accurate or fair to compare their compensation to an average worker’s compensation. If you compare a CEO’s pay with other high –earning professionals their pay is reasonable. Steven Neil Kaplan, Neubauer Family Distinguished Service Professor of Entrepreneurship and Finance at Chicago Booth, says that "If you look at CEO pay compared to the average pay of people in the top 0.1%, it's about where it was 20 years ago — in line with [that of] lawyers and private-company executives, and...
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...Strategic development TATA MOTORS Introduction: Tata Motors Limited (formerly TELCO, short for Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company) is an Indian multinational automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India and a subsidiary of the Tata Group. Its products include passenger cars, trucks, vans, coaches, buses, construction equipment and military vehicles. It is the world's seventeenth-largest motor vehicle manufacturing company, fourth-largest truck manufacturer and second-largest bus manufacturer by volume. Tata Motors has auto manufacturing and assembly plants in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar, Lucknow, Sanand, Dharwad and Pune in India, as well as in Argentina, South Africa, Thailand and the United Kingdom. It has research and development centres in Pune, Jamshedpur, Lucknow and Dharwad, India, and in South Korea, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Tata Motors' principal subsidiaries include the British premium car maker Jaguar Land Rover (the maker of Jaguar, Land Rover and Range Rover cars) and the South Korean commercial vehicle manufacturer Tata Daewoo. Tata Motors has a bus manufacturing joint venture with Marcopolo S.A. (Tata Marcopolo), a construction equipment manufacturing joint venture with Hitachi (Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery), and a joint venture with Fiat which manufactures automotive components and Fiat and Tata branded vehicles. Founded in 1945 as a manufacturer of locomotives...
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...promising financial future. In chapter one, Levitt and Dubner really focus on incentives. Incentives are the motivator in which I do everything in my life. Sometimes incentives strike negative behavior in people because the amount of power in the motivation. In the chapter, they demonstrate three examples of this bad behavior. The remainder of this chapter brings together schoolteachers, sumo wrestlers, and a bagel salesman. The school teachers are under so much pressure to present excellent grade scores by their students in order to look good in front of the state, that they lose focus in the actual importance. Teachers begin to teach for a test and not for the benefit of the children’s futures. I thought about how this process works and it does not just stop at teachers. Students, including myself do the same thing. I study for a test, not for the knowledge that comes along with all the chapters. In most classes, I do not study to obtain as much knowledge as possible to benefit my future, but in order to get an acceptable grade from my viewpoint. The system is flawed and unfortunate. Sumo...
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