...terms, a domestic terrorist engages in terrorist activity that occurs in the homeland.” This definition appears quite broad; to add context, the CRS report further states that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) not only views domestic terrorism solely as an act carried out on U.S. soil, but acts that are carried out by groups or persons that “lack foreign direction.” Unlike the U.S. State Department’s public list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations, “The federal government does not generate an official and public list of domestic terrorist organizations or individuals.” As explained by the CRS report, the creation of such a list could subject the federal government to lawsuits from groups and individuals claiming infringement of their civil rights. The lack of an official list of domestic terrorist organizations does not necessarily mean that such a list does not exist. It does mean however, that any such list created by the public, the press or by scholarly research groups lends ambiguity as to which groups should actually be labeled as a terrorist group. In an effort to remain as objective as possible, this paper will focus on groups that...
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...21, 2011 America during the 1920’s I. War Debt A. $10.3 billion was owed to U.S from allies after WW1. II. Business’s Boom A. Business normalcy 1. Levying protective tariffs; promoting foreign trade; breaking strikes a. Laissez-faire 2. Fordney-McCumber Act a. Raised import duties to high levels 3. Bureau of Budget a. Making government more responsible for lowering war debt III. Restricting Immigration A. Red Scare- Suspicion of immigrants being communists (mild) B. KKK- Ku Klux Klan- Group of white supremacists prejudice against African Americans and immigrants C. National Origins Act 1. Only 3% of any national group could be accepted into America per year a. Total of 150,000 immigrants a year allowed b. Affected mainly Asians (Japanese) and Africans 1. Although most immigrants descended from European Nations 2. Sacco & Vanzetti-symbolized mistrust of immigrants IV. Prosperity A. Businesses grew 1. Luxuries were becoming necessities; wages rose; more leisure time; glorification of wealth and comfort B. Automobile 1. Symbol for the new age that came along with prosperity a. Garages, gas stations and diners had opened b. Tractors replaced animals on farms C. Business Formula 1. Mass production, standardized products and nationwide market 2. Stock Market- purchasers “invested in the future.” V. Women in 1920’s A. Flappers were becoming...
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...Cultural Conflicts of The 1920s Throughout the 1920s the United States faced harsh cultural conflicts including controversies with race and immigration. First, in the years leading up to the 1920s racial tension began to rapidly cultivate due to a multitude of reasons including the rapid change in the racial demographic of the northern economy, which up until that point had been principally white. African Americans who had fought in World War I had additionally began to express their want for civil rights due to their contributions in Europe in the war. The previous actions caused the eruption of violence from white mobs in several areas. One of the first cities to see the eruption of violence was Tulsa, Oklahoma which had contained the wealthiest African American business community in the Southwest. The violence commenced after a 19-year-old African American man was accused of assaulting a white female elevator operator which would give rise to a substantial amount of violence in which the number of killed and injured is not completely known with an approximate by the state of Oklahoma stating that 26 African Americans killed, 10 Caucasian killed, and 317 injured. Following the events in Tulsa on New Year’s Day 1923 the small African American settlement in Rosewood, Florida was attacked by a white mob believed to be from Georgia. The death toll from the incident has varying accounts with some newspapers reporting seven deaths and others 21.Hence, the early 1920s began the years of...
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...The Ku Klux Klan was an immensely hateful terrorist group who wanted white supremacy. There are three time periods in American history in which the Ku Klux Klan had a strong presents, however I will only be informing you about the first two times the Klan emerged. In the late 1860s and early 70s during the reconstruction era, the 1920s to the mid 1940s after WWI and into the beginning of WWII, and in the 1950s and 60s during the civil rights movement. The first Ku Klux Klan was founded in Pulaski Tennessee, in late 1865 or early 1866 by Nathan Bedford Forrest and other confederate veterans opposed to reconstruction after the civil war. The group was fueled by resentment of the newly granted political and civil rights of African Americans....
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...In the mid to late 1900’s a white supreme terrorist group called the KKK had slowly started to break out and become a very big threat to most people. The white supremacist group at first mainly targeted the blacks of the 19th century. This had changed many people’s lives and made it harder for most people but for some it made life easier. But overall it was just a big change in life for everyone. Obviously the Klan’s priorities were to keep the whites supremacy. Although at first blacks were targeted, the Klan had started to grow or decrease at certain times in life. In the 1920’s the group had started to migrate north. This had lead to the klan members targeting the Jews, Catholics, and the communists. This had showed to all the people that could possibly be affected by the KKK that they were definitely a threat to almost all people. Which...
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...This is the world African-Americans used to live in during the 1960’s in the US South. A world in which an African-American tried to take one step forward into equality, then got pushed back by the government and white supremacy. One of the main leaders of this movement was the Ku Klux Klan, also known as the KKK, a white supremacist group that heavily impacted the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. The KKK’s attacks against African-Americans’ equality surprisingly benefitted the Civil Right Movement by gaining international attention and creating empathy for the African-Americans in the south. The KKK was a group made mostly of poor, white southerners. It began in 1866 in Pulaski, Tennessee, and spread massively into the south, covering...
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...Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald transports one into the wealth and excitement of the 1920’s, yet reveals the dark pieces of humanity as well. In efforts to comprehend the shallow, reckless characters of this story, three traits appear to be the bases of their flawed morals: prejudice, resentment, and - what proves to often be most genuine and deadly - apathy. The type of people in this period that Fitzgerald tries to personify attain a mindset that lives on its own small, personal island. Meaning, there is only enough room for themselves. Likewise, this mindset is evident in many Americans during the time of change in the 20’s, as the voiceless people called for attention. The Roaring 20’s marked a time of economic prosperity, that...
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...frighten victims during nighttime raids. Its members waged an underground campaign of intimidation and violence directed at white and black Republican leaders. Though Congress passed legislation designed to curb Klan terrorism, the organization saw its primary goal. It was the reestablishment of white supremacy through Democratic victories in state legislatures across the South in the 1870s. After a period of decline, white Protestant nativist groups revived the Klan in the early 20th century. Burning crosses, staging rallies, parades and marches expressing their hatred for immigrants, Catholics, Jews, blacks and organized labor. The civil rights movement of the 1960s also saw a surge of Ku Klux Klan activity, including bombings of black schools and churches and violence against black and white activists in the South. Shortly after the KKK's formation a man named Nathan Bedford Forrest, a former slave trader and Confederate general, assumed control of the organization and turned it into a militaristic group. In 1868, Forrest formally left the group after he became appalled by its growing violence. However, the KKK continued to grow and its violence worsened. The KKK may have had several hundred thousand Klan members at its height during...
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...of states and the heaven above relating to Protestantism. The American flag to the KKK represented the combination between American nationalist ideals that represent the purity of the White race and the ideology of Protestantism that the KKK stood behind, this suggests that the KKK justified racism, violence, and terrorism in protecting these pure American ideals. The KKK during the 1920s made nationalism and white supremacy into a religious experience whereby American men and women that joined the KKK believed that racism, violence, and terrorism were justified as they were working to protect the tenants of Protestantism in America just as Jesus protected humanity. Furthermore, the KKK combined Protestant ideology with American nationalism in order to justify the KKK’s existence as an organization and the superiority of the White race. The imperial wizards of the KKK, William Simmons and Hiram Wesley Evans, believed that the KKK was an order to defend “100 percent Americanism and Protestantism by intermixing them together.” In 1915, William Simmons the first imperial wizard of the KKK, led a group of Klansmen up Stone Mountain, Georgia where they set blaze to a cross and built a temple claiming that they were re-enacting the forefathers that committed themselves to the U.S. constitution and the Protestant religion. The re-enactment on Stone Mountain done by William Simmons and KKK members illustrates that Protestantism was heavily idealized as one of the KKK’s main tenants because...
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...Daniel Burros was one of the many members interviewed in the investigation of the Ku Klux Klan and like all the others he refused to testify. Burros and the others were scared of what the Klan members would do to him if he incriminated any member in the well known hate group, but unlike the others Burros had a secret he was hiding. New York Times put out the secret that ruin him. Burros was exposed for being born and raised jewish, and the fear of his fellow ‘brothers’ led him to take his life (Howell). Although there are some differences, such as the Ku Klux Klan was more violent, the KKK and the Alt-right movement are similar (Howell). The Alt-Right movement, like the Ku Klux Klan , is a white supremacist group that was founded by a man named Richard Spencer. Their belief was the white culture is being attacked by other races and is taking away their advancement. They, also, believe any other races is a threat to the white culture.This organization is mostly white men who discriminate against other races (Mackinnon-Hoban). The Ku Klux Klan is a well known hate group that was founded in Pulaski, a town...
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...new constitutions that guaranteed black men the right to vote. It also divided the South (with the exception of Tennessee, which had ratified the 14th Amendment) into five military districts and stationed federal troops throughout the region. * Black Codes: Southern state laws passed after the Civil War to limit the rights and actions of newly liberated African Americans. * Freedmen’s Bureau: Federal agency created by Congress in March 1865 and disbanded in 1869. Its purposes were to provide relief for Southerners who had remained loyal to the Union during the Civil War, to support black elementary schools, and to oversee annual labor contracts between landowners and field hands. * Ku Klux Klan: A group of Tennessee war veterans who became a white supremacist terrorist organization promoting violence and intimidation against freed people who dared to resist the demands of white planters and other employees. * 1877 Compromise: Informal, unwritten agreement made by members of Congress that ended the era of Reconstruction. * “Redeemers”: White, post-Reconstruction Democrats in the...
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...Racism exists when one ethnic group or recorded collectivity rules, segregates, or looks to kill another group on the premise of aspects that it believes are innate and unalterable. An ideological premise for express bigotry worked out as intended in the West during the cutting edge period. No acceptable and unequivocal confirmation of racism has been found in different societies or in Europe before the Middle Ages (Alter, 1989). The distinguishing proof of the Jews with the demon and witchcraft in the prominent personality of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries was maybe the first indication of a supremacist perspective of the world. Authority penalties for such mentality came in the sixteenth century in Spain when Jews had converted to Christianity and their descendants turned to the acts of segregation of racism and exclusion. The Nineteenth century was a period of liberation, patriotism, and racism of which helped the development and escalation of ideological bigotry in Europe and the United States . Despite the fact that the liberation of blacks from racism and Jews from the local places got the vast majority of its support from religious or devotees to a key human balance. The result of these changes was to increase instead of reducing bigotry. Race relations became less paternalistic and more focused. The insecurities of an advancing modern private enterprise made a requirement for racism. The Darwinian encouragement on "the battle for presence" and...
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...depicts the struggles, injustices, and hatred experienced by ethnic minorities in the United States during early part of the 20th century. Throughout the book, author Kevin Boyle shows to us the violence and oppression endured by blacks as they strived towards success and racial equality. A key struggle for many African American families trying to improve their lifestyle and social status in northern American cities, was finding a place to live and raise their families. Those who dared to move from the cities’ black quarters into white neighborhoods faced fierce opposition from white supremacist groups and residents alike. An analysis of the Arc of Justice shows us that social, cultural, and economic forces challenged the African Americans’ fight against residential segregation. In his introduction to the book, Boyle paints the situation that black Americans faced in the 1910’s and early 1920’s. Looking to escape the prejudices, oppression, and low working wages of the south, many individuals looked to the North as a gateway to financial stability and independence. With the emergence of the steel and automobile industries, thousands upon thousands of black men and women were drawn into the northern cities of Chicago, Detroit, and New York by the opportunities to earn higher wages and provide for themselves. There they faced the reality of what their life would be like. Blacks were often restricted to living in overcrowded and unsanitary districts like New York’s Harlem, Chicago’s...
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...In today’s society being a person of color was deeply impacted by the post-civil war amendments as well as the start of their freedom which started with the Emancipation Proclamation. The Civil War in the 1860s consisted of the North vs the South. The North were against slavery and tried to abolish it. The South better known as the Confederacy resisted the abolishment of slavery because slavery was a huge source of income since plantations required cheap labor which slaves provided. After the war ended, and the south lost there was a rise in what became known as the Ku Klux Klan. The Ku Klux Klan is a group of white people that lynched and killed colored people. They believe that whites are the superior race and that black people are an abomination...
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...depicts the struggles, injustices, and hatred experienced by ethnic minorities in the United States during early part of the 20th century. Throughout the book, author Kevin Boyle shows to us the violence and oppression endured by blacks as they strived towards success and racial equality. A key struggle for many African American families trying to improve their lifestyle and social status in northern American cities, was finding a place to live and raise their families. Those who dared to move from the cities’ black quarters into white neighborhoods faced fierce opposition from white supremacist groups and residents alike. An analysis of the Arc of Justice shows us that social, cultural, and economic forces challenged the African Americans’ fight against residential segregation. In his introduction to the book, Boyle paints the situation that black Americans faced in the 1910’s and early 1920’s. Looking to escape the prejudices, oppression, and low working wages of the south, many individuals looked to the North as a gateway to financial stability and independence. With the emergence of the steel and automobile industries, thousands upon thousands of black men and women were drawn into the northern cities of Chicago, Detroit, and New York by the opportunities to earn higher wages and provide for themselves. There they faced the reality of what their life would be like. Blacks were often restricted to living in overcrowded and unsanitary districts like New York’s Harlem, Chicago’s...
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