...19thCentury this was largely a reality. However the monarch no longer plays any active role in this process. The party that wins a majority of seats in the House of Commons after a general election, its leader will be invited by the monarch to form a government. 2010 Coalition * Conservatives were longest party in HoC but failed to win overall majority * Labour negotiated a coalition with LibDems and later the LibDems negotiated with both main parties for a coalition * Labour and LibDem did not make an overall majority * Gordon Brown later resigned and advised the Queen to ask Cameron to form a government either as a minority or in coalition with LibDems. * Cameron accepted and formed coalition with LibDem ‘The Government’ 25 members are members of the HoL and 90 are MPs. MPs that are from the party that is in government ate not members of government! They are known as backbenchers and the members of government are known as frontbenchers. All members of government are appointed by the PM. The cabinet (22-23 members) meet regularly. Ministerial selection The PM must weigh up the qualities of individuals against the political consequences of appointing them. Qualities that ideal ministers should possess: * Must be politically reliable * Must have potential * Should share their views * Managerial skills needed Under coalition * How many cabinet posts do they have each? * Must discuss whom to elect together Other forms...
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...what extent does the prime minister control the cabinet? Prime ministers have a lot that they can manage and control the cabinet and the system surrounding it. So power can vary but the Prime Minister definitely has a more power that say backbencher, ministers and your average MPs The main reasons for the control the Prime Minister has over Cabinet are due to the powers they have over the Cabinet itself. The Prime Minister chairs cabinet meetings, and manages the agendas, as well as making the decisions at the end. This means that the Prime Minister has a lot of control over the meetings, and can direct choose which way the meetings lead to suite what he wants to cover and get support for.The fact that the Prime Minister says when the cabinet meeting are and decides when they are called and sets their length then it means that the PM determines the role and significance of the entire cabinet. Cabinet meetings have declined because the number of meetings changed from 100 a year to only 40. When former Prime Minister and Labour politician Tony Blair had meetings they never really lasted more than an hour. If you look at the size of the Cabinet and the extent of the amount of issues that are discussed shows that Blair did not take the meetings as important. But the man who succeeded Blair was Gordon Brown who made them last longer, but not a lot. The Prime minister in the past has been know to manipulate the Cabinet to get support for their cause. An example of...
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...the United States have chosen me to become President but I do not have the right team to help me lead the country. Obviously when you are President you need nothing but the best, so looking for the right cabinet members was not easy. There are 15 executive members in the Presidents cabinet including the Vice President making that 16 of the best people possible to help run the U.S. Group size is also very important, since it is a larger group of people it is going to be harder to equalized opportunities (Gamble 239.). One of the 16 characteristics that would make my cabinet of people perfect would be someone who takes their job seriously. If you cannot be serious about your job then you might as well not work. Especially if you are going to help run the country you should take your job very seriously. This means having good work ethic, taking full responsibility for your actions, and showing that you have pride in your work. Another characteristic that would be great to have in my presidential cabinet is someone who is fun but also again very serious about their job. Every group needs individuality, so someone who is fun and outgoing and also has that bubbly attitude. This characteristic definitely can make a difference in the working area. Being in the president’s cabinet can be tough so having someone who can help balance the group of hard working people helps make a huge positive difference in the working area. Even if everyone is stressed out, you will always have that...
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...multiple sources of authority and his dominance over the cabinet government. However due to the coalition formed in the 2010 general election the argument that the Prime Ministers power has not increased takes precedent because power has to be shared and they can still be removed from office by their party or parliament. The UK government is becoming more closely comparable to the American presidential system, as the Prime Minister holds more power, mainly due to his dominance over the cabinet. The party leader has the ability to choose who is appointed what position within the cabinet; David Cameron announced he would ‘re-shuffle’ the make-up of the cabinet after being elected in 2010. Thus allowing him to choose individuals to undertake certain roles which he can manipulate to his advantage. The Prime Minister can also dominate the decisions which should be made by the cabinet. For example Margaret Thatcher’s decision to ban trade unions at GCHQ in Cheltenham in 1984, was the result of a meeting between a small group which defied the convention of Cabinet collective decision making. Demonstrating how the power of the Prime Minister has increased as the cabinet government has adopted a more passive role. Similarly to their dominance of the cabinet, another valid reason in favour of the Prime Minister having increased powers is that they have multiple sources of authority. For example the weakened role of the cabinet has enabled the PM to pass policy in Downing Street through...
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...Executive The Prime Minister What do you know about the roles and powers of prime ministers? • In Austria & Germany (Dr. Angela Merkel): chancellor • Prime minister: not only the chief executive of the state [In Europe], but also the head of one of the legislative parties. (usually the largest) ( Great power [in particular in single-party majority governments as Greece (Kostas Karamanlis), Britain (Gordon Brown)] ( The lack of any separation between legislature and executive. • In EU-style, the person who can muster a legislative majority ( Head of the executive • In such countries, the threat to the Prime minister comes from the governing party. Elements of power of the Prime minister: (1) Approved by the legislature (i.e. Parliament) as the political head of the government. (Most important task of the legislature after an election has been held.) - If the incumbent prime minister can collect the parliamentary votes to remain on office: he or she has “won” the election even if his party had large losses. - The politicians campaigning in Parliamentary elections are typically party leaders. - Electing/Approving a new prime minister is the central duty of a newly elected parliament. [Citizens vote for the party] - If citizens want to change their chief executive in a parliamentary government system, they do so by voting in legislative elections. (2) The modest role of head of state. Premier political figure. A strong prime...
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...to collective cabinet government. It explains what can happen when a prime minister has too much power and is more than just first among equals. It concludes that in recent years the prime minster has exerted too much power and is ignoring his cabinet. By the 1830s the Westminster system of what we now as cabinet government emerged. The head of the government is the prime minister. Leech et al define the prime minister as: “A head of government whose power normally derives in Britain from leadership of the largest party in the legislature, more exceptionally from the enjoyment of the confidence of a cross –party parliamentary majority. The prime minister is not head of state” (p.191, 2011), UK Politics is devised from a constitutional monarchy: the monarch is the head of state. Leech et al (2011) further state that Sir Robert Walpole (1721-1742), holds this claim as he was the first Lord of the Treasury. In 1905 it was given royal warrant thus giving it legal status (Schaffer, 2011). The key aspect of the prime minister’s power is defined as someone who gives leadership and represents the nation at home but also abroad (Leech et al, 2011, p. 193). The prime minister also steers the government by directing government policies and strategies and by chairing the cabinet. Prime ministers power is referred to as patronage “power to hire and fire”. Leech et al (2011) state patronage is a crucial element of prime ministerial power especially when choosing their cabinet. Both Thatcher...
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...due to his increased use of royal prerogative powers. The PM is powerful because he is head of the cabinet, including individual ministers and departments. But as important The PM is powerful in the sense that he was the ability to appoint cabinet ministers, dismiss them, promote and demote all ministers in government. He can select around 100 politicians from Commons and the Lords but can demote ministers in government such as Secretaries of States. The PM elects ministers who strongly support his ideologies or support his policies are appointed to respectable positions, whilst inner party opposition peers are selected to junior ministerial roles. These ‘opposition peers’ are often members of factions, in the Conservatives case that could be the “1922 Committee”. The PM can therefore influence their political careers and if careless actions occur this can lead to the end of that career. In October 2013, David Cameron had a cabinet reshuffle and of junior ministerial roles. For example, Baroness Warsi left the role as Tory Party co-chairman and was replaced by Grant Shapps. Andrew Langsley, a well-known MP who was part of the expenses scandal moved to lower profile roles. This would have been done in order to protect the reputation of him, as he wouldn’t want the electorate to think that troublesome/careless ministers still had a large influence in cabinet. However, certain cabinet members can possess a high level of power if they have a high public profile, as was the case with...
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...coalition partners agreed that they will hold a referendum. 2) One problem that might arise if the cabinet contained both Conservatives and Lib.Dems is that the government is not stable. It is very possible that the two partners may disagree on their policies and proposals. For example the Liberals opposed the further use of nuclear energy, but it was agreed between the leaderships of the two coalition partners that more nuclear power plants can be build. This can build conflicts between the two parties and result in government failure. Furthermore in the UK coalitions are formed in a time of crisis and the country may be seen by other international countries as weak and this can damage their international competitiveness and foreign investment, which are very important in order to keep the economy running. Furthermore coalition government is actually less democratic as the balance of power is inevitably held by the small parties who can barter their support for concessions from the main groups within the coalition.One possible example is the demand of constitutional reforms by the Liberal Democrats in the UK as their price of coalition support in a future hung parliament. 3) In the essay I shall discus for what reason and to what extent has the cabinet government declined in the UK. A cabinet government is a government in which the real executive power rests with a cabinet of ministers who are...
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...What are the most significant factors the influence a president when choosing the cabinet? (15 marks) The cabinet is an advice-giving group selected by the president to help him in decision making and co-ordinating the work of federal government, membership of which is determined both by tradition and presidential discretion. The cabinet is not mentioned in the Constitution, yet each candidate the president recruits must be confirmed by the Senate. A vital factor that the president must take into account when choosing the cabinet is to have a broad and balanced cabinet. When choosing a balanced cabinet it is crucial to remember three categories,(EGG) ethnicity,gender and geographical variety. This was well done by Obama's cabinet in 2009 as the president had a vast cabinet with different geographical backgrounds, simply meaning that Obama appointed members from as much different states as he could to give those states representation and equality. This balance in-terms of region was visual in Obama's cabinet, it consisted of ( Shaun Donovan (HUD) New York, Ken Salazar (Interior) Colorado, Arne Duncan (Education) Illinois and Janet Napolitano (Homeland Security) Arizona. A further balance of the Cabinet was shown in 2013 under the presidency of Barak Obama. In 2013 this proved to be a good year in-terms of representation of gender within the cabinet as the female role in the cabinet is increasing with 2 appointed and 1 nominee (Sylvia Mathews Burwell (Management and Budget)...
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...George Washington was the first president of the United States. The position of president was formed when the Constitution of the United States was written and ratified in 1789. Prior to this, the United States government was run based on the Articles of Confederation which hadn’t been working well. It included a weakened central government with very little executive power. The Constitution defined the role of president and included checks and balances for a stronger federal system. It did not however include too many specifics on how a president should carry out his role. As part of this first presidency, George Washington established three important precedents which included a maximum of two terms for a president, a presidential cabinet of his supporters and giving a farewell address at the end of his presidency....
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...ITIL® is a Registered Trade Mark of the Cabinet Office. Welcome! IT Service Management ITIL 2011 Foundation 1 Course Objectives • • A basic understanding of the ITIL Framework How ITIL can be used to enhance the quality of IT Service Management within an organization • Comprehension and/or awareness of key areas of the 5 ITIL core books: Service Strategy, Service Design, Service Transition, Service Operation, Continual Service Improvement • To prepare to take the ITIL Foundation exam 2 I0015EN v3.1 ©2011 QRP International 1 ITIL® is a Registered Trade Mark of the Cabinet Office. ITIL Foundation Training Programme • • • Generalities Service Management key concepts Service Strategy o Service Portfolio Management o Business Relationship Management o Financial Management Service Design o Service Level Management o Service Catalogue Management o Supplier Management o Information Security Management o Availability Management o Capacity Management o IT Service Continuity Management o Design Coordination Service Transition o Service Asset and Configuration Management o Knowledge Management o Transition Planning o Release and Deployment Management o Change Management Service Operation o Functions o Incident Management o Event Management o Request Fulfilment o Access Management o Problem Management Continual Service Improvement o 7 step improvement process o The Deming Cycle o CSI approach • D • A Y 1 D A Y 2 • D • A Y 2 D Examination Training...
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...Who was on the Cabinet, and What Departments did they represent? Thomas Jefferson - Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton - Secretary of Treasury Henry Knox - Secretary of War Edmund Randolph - Attorney General Who is on the Cabinet today, and What Departments do they represent? (In order of succession) Joe Biden - Vice President of the United States John Kerry - Department of State Jack Lew - Department of Treasury Chuck Hagel - Department of Defense Eric H. Holder, Jr. - Attorney General Kenneth L. Salazar - Department of Interior Thomas J. Vilsack - Department of Agriculture Rebecca Blank(acting) - Department of Commerce Seth D. Harris - Department of Labor Kathleen Sibelius - Department of Health and Human Services Shaun L.S. Donovan - Department of Housing and Urban Development Ray LaHood - Department of Transportation Steven Chu - Department of Energy Arne Duncan - Department of Education Eric K. Shinseki - Department of Veterans Affairs Janet A. Napolitano - Department of Homeland Security Washington was the first President to leave office after two terms. Is that precedent still followed today? Why or why not? The term of the president hasn’t not changed since Washington. No other president has served more than two terms in office. Washington was the first to establish foreign policy, and issued the Proclamation of Neutrality. What situation did this proclamation address? The Proclamation of Neutrality was issued due to the fact...
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...the theme I can relate to is groups and organization because it discusses the different gender and race/ethnicity in Justin Trudeau’s cabinet. In this article Justin Trudeau kept his promise for a gender parity parliament. Fifteen women were put in a position of Trudeau’s cabinet. Canada is now one of five nations to have gender parity in government at the federal level. The article identifies...
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...What are the most significant factors that influence a president in choosing a cabinet? There are many factors that may influence presidents choices when it’s comes to a cabinet and balancing it. Most of these factors are for face value to show to congress and the public what a role model in fairness and leadership the president is. There is only one factor that actually makes logical sense in running a country and not for political gain. This factor being that a president will appoint people that hold specialised knowledge in a specific area of policy that will relate to a cabinet position. These experts may be sourced for universities as both Obama and Bush Jr. found university professors to be cabinet members. These being Rod Paige as Secretary of Education in 2001 and Steven Chu, a physics professor at UC Berkley, as secretary of energy in 2009. This way of picking members of the cabinet stretches back to the start of the 20th century with James Wilson being Agriculture secretary for McKinley, Roosevelt and Taft, after being a professor of agriculture at Iowa State University. Professors aren’t the only source of experts found within the cabinet, for example Superintendents (Arne Duncan, School Superintendent, Education Secretary), CEO’s (Timothy Geithner, NY Fed. Reserve Bank President, Secretary of the Treasury) and commissioners (Shaun Donovan, NYC housing commissioner, secretary of housing and urban development) can all be selected. At the time of Clinton, if he wasn’t...
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...the United Kingdom. This term comes from the Palace of Westminster, the seat of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The system is a series of procedures for operating a legislature. It is used, or was once used, in the national legislatures and subnational legislatures of most Commonwealth and ex-Commonwealth nations upon being granted responsible government, beginning with the first of the Canadian provinces in 1848 and the six Australian colonies between 1855 and 1890. However some former colonies (e.g. Nigeria) have adopted the presidential system as their form of government. The Houses of Parliament are situated within the Palace of Westminster, in London. Contents 1 Characteristics 2 Operation 3 Role of the head of state 4 Cabinet government 5 Bicameral and unicameral parliaments 6 Criticisms 7 Ceremonies 8 Current countries 9 Former countries 10 See also 11 Notes 12 Bibliography 13 External links Characteristics A Westminster system of government may include some of the following features: a sovereign or head of state who functions as the nominal or legal and constitutional holder of executive power, and holds numerous reserve powers, but whose daily duties mainly consist of performing ceremonial functions. Examples include Queen Elizabeth II, the Governors-General in Commonwealth realms, or the presidents of many countries and state/provincial governors in republican federal systems. a head of government (or head of the executive)...
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