...08 Fall Halo Errors in Performance Management Systems - Anita Rajendran Performance Appraisals are the backbone of Human Resources and a crucial aspect of the entire Performance Management System (PMS) but also the most difficult to implement. The effectiveness of a Performance Appraisal can be seriously impacted by the common errors that raters make. Halo is one such error and can be defined as "the influence of a global evaluation on individual attributes of a person" (Nisbett & Wilson, 1977, p. 250) or "the influence of a rater's general impression on ratings of specific ratee qualities" (Lance, LaPointe, & Stewart, 1994, p. 339). The article tries to understand the background and research done into halo error and whether there is clear evidence to suggest that there is a positive or negative link to rating accuracy due to Halo error. It attempts to see if there are ways in which an organization can effectively utilize these research findings to counter halo error or whether any experiments done are effective only in a laboratory setting. Finally review on whether this aspect of the performance appraisal can be incorporated into an actual performance appraisal system. Individual Research Paper – Halo Error in Performance Management Systems Introduction and Background 3 What is Halo Error – The underlying research and theory 3 Deep Dive 5 How to counter the halo error or reduce error? 5 Effective use of the understanding of Halo Error 6 References 8 ...
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...* Skip to main content * Skip to navigation * FAQs * Contact us * About us * Advertise with us * Events * Subscribe * Register * Activate subscription * Sign in EDITOR'S COMMENT 6Cs must end the years of make do and mend ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Search the site Bottom of Form * Home * Clinical Zones * Continence * Infection Control * Mental Health * Diabetes * Wound care * Assessment skills * Medicine management * Leadership * Midwifery and neonatal nursing * More ... * Search the Archive * Browse by clinical topic * Browse by issue date * Awards * Nursing Times Awards * Student Nursing Times Awards * Patient Safety Awards * Care Integration Awards * Write for Us * Nursing events * Courses * Subscribe from overseas * Francis report * Nursing Practice * Nursing Times Learning * Opinion * Student Nursing Times * Jobs * Subscribe * You are here: Home * Clinical Zones * Medicine management How to ensure patient safety in drug dose calculation 12 October, 2012 Medicines management is a core nursing skill. This review gives an introduction to and taster of our newly launched online Nursing Times Learning unit on drug calculations. Keywords:...
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...purpose of error and what it can inspire, Lewis Thomas states many valid points in The Medusa and the Snail. By stating that we are built for committing mistakes, Thomas was a bit daring but he is not mistaken by saying talking about errors leading to new discoveries and errors and arguments. It isn’t hard to defend his claims, though not all of them may be true. Stating that “We are built to make mistakes, coded for error”, Thomas might have been quite bold as that is not entirely true. Instead one may say, we are built to make accidental discoveries. There is no need to look further than how humans harnessed fire. Before it was though, we avoided it as it had the power to kill. But, by the accidental rubbing of two stones against each other, humans created it ourselves, and it could be controlled. Similarly, we also discovered how to farm. No one knew that the remains of the fruit we ate, the seeds, when planted could multiply the supply of the plants we ate. When the humans observed this phenomenon though, they harnessed it to for our gain. Even so, these discoveries were accidental. Forcing intentional discoveries cannot be done with out making mistakes. On the contrary, Thomas does have valid points. By mentioning the phrase learning from trial and error, one can’t help but agree with him. The trials of Thomas Edison would further Lewis Thomas’s claim. Edison’s experiment to create a light bulb was the epitome of the old phrase. If Edison had quit by so many errors, and not...
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...Scenario #1 Managers fail to account for an employees' ability to learn safe machine operation methods by experimenting on their own with ways to speed up production and thereby reduce the effort they are required to use. This type of failure is an open door to disaster. The key word listed in this error is “experimenting.” No employee should have to learn by experimentation; especially on how to operate machinery. Anything newly introduced to employees should be monitored and failure for this observation to occur can lead to a major catastrophe. Being safe should be the biggest concern for a company and should be the number priority for any organization. Appropriate training is required to operate machinery correctly to avoid a safety hazard for not just for the employee but for the company as well. By adequately training employees on how to operate machinery correctly will minimize accidents by default. It is understandable how speeding up production can become an issue within an organization but before one can perform at their maximum effort/potential, training is required. Therefore that will not only assure the employee know super efficiently how to operate a piece of machinery but will also assure that the individual will perform effectively because of being trained the correct way the machine is supposed to function. Scenario #2 Managers sometimes put all employees through the same orientation program regardless of differences in cultural interpretations...
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...A medication error was discovered when we were counting narcotics at the end of the shift on my last day of my clinical. What happened was that I administered Oxycontin 80mg at 10 am instead of at 12pm, Methadon 5mg was the one scheduled at 10am was skipped. This happened after I found out that the resident was getting ready to go out, and I rushed and pulled the medication according the EMar but failed to check with eMar if it was the right drug or not. The Md was then notified and ordered to hold the 4pm scheduled Oxycontin and to do Q2 hours vitals until midnight. Right away I checked the resident's condition, didn’t notice any respiratory distress, and vitals were, Bp 100/52, RR 12, po2 92% and pulse was 86.At 10:30pm I call the night shift R.N to follow up on the condition of the resident and he told me she was doing fine. My Other mistake was I didn't call my instructor right away. I thought it was ok to tell her the next day which was the last day of the clinical but I wrote everything on my report what happen. Also when I asked my preceptor if my instructor would be informed she said the D.O.N will report it to her as soon as she gets the incident report from us. Then in the next morning the preceptor nurse came angry she assigned me only four new patients and told me to get a urine sample form catheter of the patient I never work with, and I said never done it before but i will try if you watch me. So I went to the med room to get the syringe but I couldn’t find it....
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...Error Avoidance in Post Modern and Complex Adaptive Systems paper Published by admin on June 2, 2013 | Leave a response Review Exercise and note how might the ideas presented in the reading help you avoid each of these errors? One advantage of the joint postmodern/complexity lens is that managers might avoid some errors that would otherwise be pitfalls. Some of these are identified in the following list. From the perspectives outlined in this chapter, why are these errors? ∙ Failing to account for employees’ ability to learn safe machine operation methods by experimenting on their own with ways to speed up production and thereby reduce the effort they are required to use. ∙ Putting all employees through the same orientation program regardless of differences in cultural interpretations of organizational hierarchies and thereby missing the potential for conflict among employees and between employees and management caused by different expectations of roles. ∙ Disciplining one employee, expecting a modest change in that employee’s behavior but getting a massive union response. ∙ Changing a work process without considering the role of communities of practice on work performance. ∙ Assuming that employees will not reallocate work assignments based on their perception of the best arrangement even after receiving work allocation assignments from management. ∙ Ignoring the speed with which the informal organization can transmit messages and, therefore, failing...
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...To understand medication errors and to identify preventive strategies, we need to classify them and define the terms that describe them. The four main approaches to defining technical terms consider etymology, usage, previous definitions, and the Ramsey–Lewis method (based on an understanding of theory and practice). A medication error is ‘a failure in the treatment process that leads to, or has the potential to lead to, harm to the patient’. Prescribing faults, a subset of medication errors, should be distinguished from prescription errors. A prescribing fault is ‘a failure in the prescribing [decision-making] process that leads to, or has the potential to lead to, harm to the patient’. The converse of this, ‘balanced prescribing’ is ‘the use of a medicine that is appropriate to the patient's condition and, within the limits created by the uncertainty that attends therapeutic decisions, in a dosage regimen that optimizes the balance of benefit to harm’. This excludes all forms of prescribing faults, such as irrational, inappropriate, and ineffective prescribing, underprescribing and overprescribing. A prescription error is ‘a failure in the prescription writing process that results in a wrong instruction about one or more of the normal features of a prescription’. The ‘normal features’ include the identity of the recipient, the identity of the drug, the formulation, dose, route, timing, frequency, and duration of administration. Medication errors can be classified, invoking...
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...Errors, Risks, & Failures CIS 324-014 December 16, 2012 Errors, Risks, & Failures Errors, Risks, and Failures occur frequently in computer technology. Some of them are very simple, and others are catastrophic, costing money, time, and sometimes lives. Not all can be completely avoided, but through proper software and hardware design, development and testing, a great deal of them would be decreased. Planning and good software designs are crucial in producing a safe, functional, finished product. When you are building a large software project, you will usually be overwhelmed by the overall complexity. Humans are not good at managing complexity; they are good at finding creative solutions for problems of a specific scope. A basic strategy for reducing complexity to magageable units is to divide a system into parts that are more handy. As you divide the systems into components, and further, components into subcomponents, you will arrive at a level where the complexity is reduced to a single responsibility. (Peters, 2012) I think that if the company doing the development takes the time to really communicate with the customer and find out the specs of the project and then takes the time to devise a good design, it sets up the project to become successful. According to A Gift of Fire, some contributing factors causing computer system errors and failures include, not enough attention paid to possible safety hazards, interaction with physical devices...
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...Medication preparation errors in outpatient pharmacy at a local private centre Introduction The National Coordinating Council for medication error suggested that medication error can be defined as any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of healthcare professional. The error can happen at any point namely during prescribing, transcribing, preparation and administration. In Malaysia, certified pharmacy assistant is a trained personnel who routinely involved in day-to-day activities such as medication preparation and delivery. According to Senders (1991), the particular error at particular instant cannot be prevented and that even the most skilled individuals make mistakes. There are suggestion by Pharmacy Council(2005) on the creation of hierarchy of ‘levels’ that technician can achieved, each with prerequisite skills and experience, responsible and pay. The aim of this study is identify why medication errors are high at the preparation stage. The objectives are to rank factors that contribute to the errors. Secondly, to determine whether these factors differed by work settings or personal characteristic. Thirdly, to identify the PA training needs to mitigate the errors 1. The National Coordinating Council for Medication Error, (NCC MERP) 2008, About Medication Error. Available at http://www.nccmerp.org. AboutMedErrors.html 2. Allard J et al,(2002)Medication errors causes,prevention...
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...Topic Error analysis on written English of two public and two private universities students Abstract This study seeks to identify and analyze errors by means of error analysis procedures. The objective of this study was investigating the written English errors of University students in males and females universities in Dhaka. It was conducted on purpose of identifying The written errors of English committed by the university students, estimating the predominant errors And the least ones and explaining the causes of the written errors of English committed by the University students .The sample of study consisted of 4 student selected from public and private university in Dhaka. Introduction Learning a Second Language (L2) is a lifelong process and it is often a challenging experience for L2 learners. Presently, English is an international language and is used as the language in international relations, and in exchanging knowledge and technology. It is not easy for anybody to deny that English is one of the most important languages in the world. It is seen by large number of people as the language of art, science, politics and economics. So when one wants to cope with what happens in the world he must learn English language. Languages are of four Skills. English language is not an exception. It consists of four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. One of the most important components in English language is writing skills. The ability to write...
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...Running head: PRACTICE PROBLEM: MEDICATION ERRORS Practice Problem: Medication Errors Amy Courcier Grand Canyon University NRS-433 V Christine Thompson-Sanxter September 22, 2012 Career progression: preventing drug errors. Ashurst, A. (2008). Career progression: preventing drug errors. Nursing & Residential Care, 10(10), 498-501. Abstract: Making errors in drug administration can have serious consequences for the patient and the nurse involved. In the second of two articles Adrian Ashurst discusses the ways that risk can be minimized and drug errors prevented. Nurses' experiences of drug administration errors Schelbred, A., & Nord, R. (2007). Nurses' experiences of drug administration errors. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 60(3), 317-324. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04437.x Abstract: This paper is a report of a study to describe the experiences of nurses who had committed serious medication errors, the meaning these experiences carry, and what kind of help and support they received after committing their error. Background. Medication administration is an important nursing task. Work overload, combined with increased numbers and dosages of medication prescribed, puts nurses at risk of making serious errors. A drug error has the potential for disastrous consequences for patients. What is sometimes disregarded is the effect on the nurse involved. The majority of research on nurses and medication errors is framed within biomedicine, law and management. Methods...
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...Errors in Compliance and Coding April 19, 2013 Errors in Compliance and Coding There's several causes that create billing and coding error in the medical field. One of the biggest errors that are made are typos, billing the same thing and dates that aren't listed on the patient's file. Typos is the most common error that is often done. When you have typos, that creates problems for the patient, doctor and the billing department. One major mistake is in the address and patient's name. Now there's double billing. Codes are used to show certain procedures have been done, but if a patient is doubled billed for the same procedure like a flu shot. The patient had one shot but was charged for two. Another common error in billing and coding is incorrect dates. Incorrect date such as patient's that are in hospital can be listed as staying for three days but was billed for eight days. This is considered to be one of two major problems that's often seen because if a patient is due for surgery on a specific day and was not done until a month later, this is considered a billing error. The only way to fix billing and coding errors are by checking and rechecking the patient's statements before there sent out to the patient. If by chance there is an error on the statement, a letter of apologize can be written in response to the billing and coding error that was made. If there's no return response, contacting the protective office in the state the error was done...
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...Errors in Compliance Coding Double billing, typos, and incorrect dates are among the most common causes of billing and coding errors that can happen. Double billing is when you have a procedure done by your provider and they try to charge you for two procedures. It could also be something as simple as a hospital billing you for taking two pills when you were only given one. Typo’s are another common billing and coding error, and can be found in the patients name or address. The last is incorrect dates entered into the file. It could be that you stayed in the hospital for four days but the hospital has you listed as staying for seven days and they end up charging you for those seven days. Solutions for the coding and billing errors are to make sure you double check your statements when they come in to make all the information is correct. If a mistake is found, you need to write a detailed letter and send it to the facility or to a patient representative to make sure the error is corrected. The Medicare National Correct Coding Initiative (CCI) controls improper coding that would lead to inappropriate payment for Medicare claims. CCI has coding policies in place that are based on the coding conventions in CPT, Medicare’s national and local coverage and payment policies, National medical societies coding guidelines, and Medicare’s analysis of standard medical and surgical practice. CCI has thousands of CPT code combinations that are by computers to check claims in the Medicare...
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...In the 1999 research studies began to review the problem of medical errors and how they occurred. Studies and reports, such as the Institute of Medicine IOM report in 1999, strongly suggest that most medical errors are related to systems and processes and not individual negligence or misconduct. The IOM report recommended that the key to addressing medical errors is to focus on improving the processes used to deliver healthcare and not placing blame on the individuals involved. Approximately 1.3 million people are injured annually in the United States following "medication errors". The FDA defines a medication error as “any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or harm to a patient”. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) currently review medication error reports that come from drug manufacturers and through Med Watch, the agency's safety information and adverse event reporting program. The agency also receives reports about medication errors from the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) and the U.S. Pharmacopeia. Some things the FDA has put into place to prevent medication errors: * Drug Name Review: To minimize drug name confusion, FDA reviews about 400 drug names a year that companies submit as proposed brand names. The agency rejects about one-third of the names that drug companies propose. * Drug Labels: FDA regulations require all over-the-counter (OTC) drug products (more than 100,000) to have a standardized...
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... Five common errors and support to solving them: * Editing and placing header and footers can be done through; double clicking the top or bottom of the page and clicking on ‘Insert’ tab. Clicking on either Header or Footer will give you preset templates to give you a quick setup to fill in with the information you would like to insert. If you are creating a document for a business letter, you can be saved as a template for future use and quicker access. This can be done through ‘Quick Parts’, choosing ‘Field’ and adding exactly what you desire your document to look like and highlight you header by clicking to the left of the margin. Click on ‘Header’ again in the group box and ‘Save Selection to Quick Parts Gallery…’ to save this format for easy retrieval later. * Templates can be a timesaver when sending or printing many reports at different times. This can be done with opening a new Word document. Much like setting up your headers and footers, you can create a whole document predesigned and ready to go with only a few areas needing to be filled in. * Inserting pictures is to simply click on the “Insert” tab and choose from ‘Illustrations’ group. Place holders will give you the option of where to set the picture / graph and right clicking on the picture will open a drop down menu. Choosing ‘Wrap Text’ will align the text to your specifications; in line with text, on top, behind, etc. * Losing where the file was stored is a common error. Locating this...
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