...Abstract In leadership there are many methods to triumph over a task or challenge. In the first case study there is a significantly high failure rate among students. The leader is tasked by redesigning the curriculum, assessments, and participation. With this case study a situational leadership approach is done. This essay will describe the self assessment of the writer situational leadership style and the application of situational leadership theory. Situational leadership plays an important role for researchers in organizations to effectively evaluate at leader in a certain position. Jesuıno (2005) asserted that, "several definitions of leadership excess partly that in addition to the concept of leader leadership there should be understating the concept of power and authority", (as cited in Furtado, Batista, & Francisco, 2011, p.1048) In a situational leadership model there are four leadership styles that are defined; telling, selling, participating, and delegating. For the writer is important to understand what type of leader he is so that he will be able to lead effectively and provide the best leadership possible. For the writer, by understanding the different situational leadership roles the writer will be able to incorporate different skills and knowledge to any task and or challenge that is needed by the organization or company. This essay will describe the self assessment of the writer's situational leadership style and application of situational leadership theory...
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...Leadership Theory Mid Term Paper For this paper I decide to look at four of the leadership theories. The ones I chose are Trait, Contingency, Situational, and Behavioral. I will talk about the definitions of those four theories. Also I will discuss the overviews of the four theories including positives and negativities of each. Leadership Theories There is a wide and ever growing variety of theories to explain the concept and practice of leadership; to me leadership is a dynamic and complex process. Per our text book leadership is an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes. (Daft, 2011) The theories that I will talk about simplify leadership into different theories. The first I will talk about is the Trait Theory. Trait theory assumes that people inherit certain qualities and traits that make them better suited to leadership. (Cherry, 2012) Also Trait theories often identify particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. (Cherry, 2012) Per our text book traits are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self confidence, and appearance. (Daft, 2011) Contingency Theories of leadership focus on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation. (Cherry, 2012) Success with this theory depends upon a number of variables and qualities...
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...A CRITICAL REVIEW OF SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP THEORY Situational Leadership Theory is arguably the most widely known and practiced theory of leadership and managerial effectiveness. In this essay, the origins and fundamentals of the theory are considered, as well as the available evidence that supports or contradicts the its validity. Background Situational Leadership Theory as presented by Hersey and Blanchard developed from the work of J. W. Reddin’s 3-Dimensional Management Style Theory. That theory hypothesizes the importance of a manager’s relationship orientation and task orientation in conjunction with effectiveness (Reddin 1967, 8). From the interplay of these dimensions, Reddin proposes a variety of management styles and theorizes that effectiveness as a manager can be explained as a function of matching a leader’s style to a specific situation. However, his theory does not specify whether certain situational characteristics could be unequivocally incorporated into a predictive model (Vecchio 1987, 444). From Reddin’s suggestion that a leader’s effectiveness varies according to style, Hersey and Blanchard proposed a life-cycle theory of leadership. According to this theory, degrees of task orientation and relationship orientation are to be examined in conjunction with the maturity of a follower or group of followers in order to account for leader effectiveness (Hersey and Blanchard 1969, 29). The main principle of the life-cycle theory is...
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...Compare and Contrast of Select Leadership Models Leadership comes in different forms and in different aspects of life from private business to government entities (Wren, 1995, p. 5). The models of leadership used are dependent upon the individual attributes of the leaders, for example traits, values, self-identity, skills, and competencies (Yukl, 2013, p. 136). A close look at select leadership models and how they compare and contrast with each other provides insight into the types of leadership that might be employed within organizations as they face various leadership issues and challenges. In this paper, we will review four leadership models: charismatic, servant, situational, and transformational. A separate discussion describing similarities and differences between the models as they apply. As similarities and differences are identified, we will discuss how contemporary leadership issues and challenges are addressed within the scope of each leadership model. Leadership Models Charismatic Leadership A charismatic leader has three key dimensions that Weber (1968) identified as concepts of charisma that include vision or mission, extraordinary or exceptional qualities, and recognition (as cited in Avolio and Yammarino, 2013, p. 167). Transformational leadership closely resembles charismatic leadership as both are vision related and empowering; however the main difference deals with the expectations set by the leader. Charismatic leaders typically set unrealistic expectations...
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...Four Models of Leadership Lisa S. Patrick University of Phoenix Four Leadership Models There are theories that suggest characteristics, behaviors and relationships that inspire and create effective leaders and followers within organizations. The Trait Leadership Model, Behavior Leadership Model, Situational Leadership Model, and Charismatic Leadership Model provide assumptions built on theories from approaches that incorporate characteristics, leader behaviors, outcomes affected by situations and how leader relationships inspire change in an organization. Differences and similarities exist among these approaches and may address some of the contemporary leadership and challenges in organizations. Trait Leadership Model The Trait Model examined specific traits researchers believed were associated with leadership and focused on the innate characteristics that make good leaders. This body of research included theories that “leaders were born and not made” (Clawson, 2006, p. 379) in the “Great Man” Theory of Leadership. Kouzes (2003) believes that to view a few men and woman as innate greatness is wrong and that heroes do exists in organizations. Other Theorists like Stogdill’s Leadership Traits, Maccobys Leader, and John Gardner’s Leaders noted characteristics believed to make great leaders. Stogdill believed leaders were strong, task-oriented, confident, handled stress, and accepted responsibility for actions were qualities of a good leader (Clawson, 2006; Clemers...
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...The Different Models of Leadership xxxxxx University of Phoenix The Different Models of Leadership There are many types of leadership models or theories. A quick Internet search will provide a variety of results. By filtering these results, leaders can find the appropriate style. Businesses can struggle if the right model or theory is not implemented within the organization. One consistent thing in life is change, and as society changes leaders must adapt to maintain competitiveness and efficiency. This adaptation allows leaders to keep employee satisfaction and productivity at high levels. A further analysis provides an examination of four different leadership models that includes situational leadership, transactional leadership, moral leadership, and visionary leadership. The need of the organization can determine which leadership model is the best, however; there may be one that is appropriate for any situation. Situational Leadership Leaders use Situational leadership to apply the appropriate behaviors and aspects of a certain situation that will be accepted by a subordinate (Wren, 1995, p. 207). Leaders and managers experience challenging tasks daily. Keeping employees motivated by using one certain style can be challenging. “Leadership effectiveness is thought to be enhanced if a manager uses the style of leadership that best matches the readiness, ability and willingness of subordinates and that a good match between leadership style and subordinate readiness leads...
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...I. Introduction Leadership has gained more attention of researchers from the whole world. Leadership is needed to corporations because it could bring extra assets to organizations and increase the line of bottom ultimately. There is a wide variety of theoretical approaches to analysis the complexities process of leadership. The essay will introduce three main leadership approaches: Trait approach, Situational & Contingency approach and Transformational approach. These approaches have their similarities and distinction. Compare and contrast these three research strands and critically discuss what they contribute to our understanding of leadership effectiveness. Discuss with example to indentify how I understand about these approaches by using real organization and how they work and help the organizations more efficiency. II. Three Leadership Approaches 1. The Trait Approach As one of the earliest theories of leadership, Trait approach suggests that certain individuals have special inborn characteristics or qualities which support people to be leaders, and that it is these qualities that differentiate them from non-leaders. (Northouse P.G 2013) Personal attributes or characteristics of leaders, such as physical and personality trait, competencies and values are the key ideas of trait approach. (Gardner. J.W 1989) Self-confidence, intelligence, ambition, perseverance, assertiveness, emotional stability, creativity, and motivation such a list of characteristics is...
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... 2. Situational Leadership 3.1 Purpose of the Model 3.2 Leadership Style 3.3 Followers Maturity levels 3.4 Leadership Support 3.5 Regression 3. Situational Leadership and Power 4.6 Types of Power 4.7 Powers Bases 4.8 Uses of Power 4. Advantages of the Situational Leadership Model 5. Conclusions and Recommendations 6. Acknowledgments | Pg 1Pg 1Pg 2Pg 2Pg 2Pg 3Pg 4Pg 4Pg 4Pg 4Pg 5Pg 5Pg 6Pg 7 | 1. INTRODUCTION The name of my organization is Victory Tabernacle Church. I am one of the two associate Pastors to the Bishop who is the CEO of the church. Victory Tabernacle has a membership of around 250 people excluding Children. Our goal is to have a membership of 500 by the end of 2015. The membership addition method used by Victory Tabernacle is each one reach one. However each member falls into a category or group that matches either their age or marital status. Each of these social groups have leaders who help run with the agenda of the organization. In the past there has not really been a specific method, or model of leadership applied to how we select leaders, how the leadership function nor how they perform their tasks not even how they in turn choose their followers. The leaders were simply selected and given leadership positions based on the assumption that they will be able to function in there given area. In this assignment I will be writing a report to my CEO explaining the Situational Leadership model...
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...Leadership Models Leadership styles cannot be fully explained by behavioural models. The situation in which the group is operating also determines the style of leadership which is adopted. Several models exist which attempt to understand the relationship between style and situation, four of which are described here: • Fiedler's Contingency Model. • Hersey-Blanchard Situational Theory. • Path-Goal Theory. • Vroom-Yetton Leadership Model The models described have limited validity, but are still widely used. [pic] Fiedler's Contingency model Fiedler's model assumes that group performance depends on: • Leadership style, described in terms of task motivation and relationship motivation. To determine one’s basic style, Fiedler created the least preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire-containing 16 contrasting adjectives. • Situational favourableness, determined by three factors: 1. Leader-member relations - Degree to which a leader is accepted and supported by the group members. 2. Task structure - Extent to which the task is structured and defined, with clear goals and procedures. 3. Position power - The ability of a leader to control subordinates through reward and punishment. High levels of these three factors give the most favourable situation, low levels, the least favourable. Relationship-motivated leaders are most effective in moderately favourable situations. Task-motivated leaders are most effective at either end of...
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...AND CONTRAST OF TRAIT-BASED, SITUATIONAL, AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP THEORIES 1 Comparison and Contrast of Trait-Based, Situational, and Transformational Leadership Theories Ciprian Patrulescu Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2132126 COMPARISON AND CONTRAST OF TRAIT-BASED, SITUATIONAL, AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP THEORIES 2 Abstract This research paper compares and contrasts several leadership theories, the evolution of the theories, and future research implications. The leadership theories discussed in the paper include the trait-based, situational, and transformational leadership theories. Trait-based theories represented the earliest attempts to quantitatively study leaders and leadership effectiveness by focusing on the innate skills and traits of the person. Situational theories expanded to explore the influence of different situations on leadership. Lastly, transformational leadership theories further expanded on the role of the leader in motivating followers through inspiration. Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2132126 COMPARISON AND CONTRAST OF TRAIT-BASED, SITUATIONAL, AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP THEORIES 3 Comparison and Contrast of Trait-based, Situational, and Transformational Leadership Theories There are almost as many definitions of leadership as there are persons who have tried to define leadership (Stogdill, 1974). The definition of leadership by Weathersby (1999, p.5) captures...
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...Situational leadership (Submitted to Journal of Management Development) RESEARCH PAPER An exploratory content analysis of Situational Leadership * Mark A. Papworth Primary Care Psychology North Tyneside Primary Care Trust Wallsend Health Centre, Tyne & Wear, UK m.a.papworth@ncl.ac.uk Derek Milne Doctorate in Clinical Psychology Newcastle University Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK d.l.milne@newcastle.ac.uk George Boak MA Leading Innovation and Change York St. John University York, UK g.boak@yorksj.ac.uk KEY WORDS: RUNNING HEAD: WORD COUNT: * leadership; supervision; effectiveness Situational leadership 4,100 Correspondence to: Mark A. Papworth, Wallsend Health Centre, The Green, Wallsend, Tyne & Wear NE28 7PB, UK. E-mail: m.a.papworth@ncl.ac.uk; Tel/Fax: 0191 2205932 1 of 27 Situational leadership An exploratory content analysis of Situational Leadership ABSTRACT Purpose Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership model is widely utilised, but it has limited empirical support. The model is investigated in the present study through content analysis of the transcripts of successful supervision sessions. Design/methodology/approach Eight transcripts of successful supervision interviews were subjected to in-depth content analysis, to test the prediction (from Situational Leadership) that successful leadership interactions would vary systematically with experience. The supervisees consisted of a novice, four training therapists, and three postgraduate therapist...
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..."A leader needs to be connected to the ultimate goal, as well as to those seeking the goal, and situational leadership validates that connection (Hersey & Blanchard, 1993). Situational leadership is all about meeting and individual at their level. Situational leadership requires an individual to have the ability to: direct, coach, support and delegate task (s) to the intended party. I see this as a fair and equal balance between management and leadership. “Leadership implies change, and Situational Leadership is based on adaptation to the change”, (Costanzo, p. 2). I believe this adaptation and change can be achieved by employing the “eight discernible characteristics of people who are principle- centered leaders” (Covey, p. 33). The characteristics consist of having the ability to continually learn, be service oriented, radiate positive energy, believe in other people, lead balance lives, see life as an adventure, be synergistic and exercise self-renewal (Covey, p. 33-39). For me, this is the solid foundation to an effective situational leader. Discovering the leadership lens that best suites one's true identity is a process that involves internal and external review of personal and professional accolades; which align to a particular area. Recently, I seem to have aligned my leadership style with a situational leader! This leadership style is a continually process of growth for me! My ability to lead has always been in my nature. Key words:empathy, compassion and action ...
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...History of Leadership Research Researchers have examined leadership skills from a variety of perspectives. Early analyses of leadership, from the 1900s to the 1950s, differentiated between leader and follower characteristics. Finding that no single trait or combination of traits fully explained leaders' abilities, researchers then began to examine the influence of the situation on leaders' skills and behaviors. Subsequent leadership studies attempted to distinguish effective from non-effective leaders. These studies attempted to determine which leadership behaviors were exemplified by effective leaders. To understand what contributed to making leaders effective, researchers used the contingency model in examining the connection between personal traits, situational variables, and leader effectiveness. Leadership studies of the 1970s and 1980s once again focused on the individual characteristics of leaders which influence their effectiveness and the success of their organizations. The investigations led to the conclusion that leaders and leadership are crucial but complex components of organizations. Traits Model of Leadership: Leaders versus Followers Initial investigations of leadership considered leaders as individuals endowed with certain personality traits which constituted their abilities to lead. The studies investigated individual traits such as intelligence, birth order, socioeconomic status, and child-rearing practices (Bass, 1960; Bird, 1940; Stogdill, 1948, 1974)...
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...LEADERSHIP APPROACHES AND MODELS Introduction This paper introduces two models that support innovation in today’s business world. The Transformational Leadership Model and the Situational Model. Both models are described in depth and show how they can be used in today`s diverse workforce. The Discovery and Delivery Skills describes how the research in the Innovators DNA provides an inside look into how you can become more innovative. In today`s fast pace get it done era, innovation is key in the success of any business. Leadership is vitally important and to combine styles and models to achieve success is needed in today`s market. Discovery and Delivery is an area where every leader or potential leader must take a look at their own strengths and weakness and reevaluate what they need to do to improve. Leadership Models that Support Innovation in Organizations Transformational Leadership Model: Transformational leadership theory, started with the works of Burns and was later researched and supported by Bass. Bass took the concepts of Burns into a more operational working model that is commonly referred to as the Transformational Leadership Model. Five categories were established originally in the works of Bass and Avolio; they were idealized influence as: attributed charisma, behavioral charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration (Antonakis and House, 2014). With the five parts idealized influence/attributed...
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...the symbolic image of the idiosyncratic, individualistic Silicon Valley entrepreneur, emphasizing the importance of design and understanding the crucial role aesthetics play in public appeal” (Wikipedia). His forward driven mindset for developing products that are both functional and elegant has earned him a devoted following. His ability to use all four aspects of the Situational Leadership Model in his line of work has made him one of the most successful businessmen today. This case analysis will show how Jobs used the Situational Leadership model to make Apple one of the most innovative computer and technology companies today by effectively using the following leadership styles: selling, telling, participating, and delegating. The Situational Leadership Model states that when used, “…one should always keep in mind that there is no one best way to influence others. Rather, any leader behavior may be more or less effective depending on the performance readiness level of the person you are attempting to influence” (Hersey, Blanchard & Johnson). Jobs has successfully adapted all four styles of Situational Leadership throughout his career and has influenced not only the companies that he...
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